정신장애를 위한 동물-매개 중재 : 체계적 고찰

신치환(Shin, Chihwan) 한국정신보건작업치료학회 2021 한국정신보건작업치료학회지 Vol.8 No.2

목적 : 다양한 증상을 포함하고 있는 정신장애 대상으로 한 동물-매개 중재(Animal-Assisted Intervention; AAI)에 대하여 연구대상자 특성, 평가도구, 중재, 결과를 체계적으로 고찰하여 근거와 지식을 통합하고 국내 연구의 활성화를 도모하는 것이다. 연구방법 : PRISMA guideline을 토대로 2021년 6월 21일부터 2021년 7월 5일까지 문헌 검색이 진행되었고, 해외 검색어는 ‘Mental disorder’, ‘Animal-Assisted therapy’에 따른 MeSH(Medical Subjects Headings) 용어를 중심으로 사용되었고 데이터 베이스는 Pubmed, PsycINFO, EBSCO를 사용하였다. 국내 검색어는 ‘정신질환’ 또는 ‘정신장애’그리고 ‘동물매개치료’가 사용되었고, 데이터베이스는 학술연구정보서비스(Research Information Sharing Service;RISS)가 사용되었다. 결과 : 총 28편이 최종 선정되었고, 동물-매개 중재의 용어는 Animal-assisted intervention, Animal-assisted activity와 Animal-assisted therapy 등 다양하게 사용되었다. 평가도구는 기능 및 작업을 위한 평가가 가장 많이 사용되었고, 개를 통한 연구가 19편으로 가장 많이 나타났다. 결론 : 동물-매개 중재는 정신장애의 다양한 문제점에 긍정적인 효과가 있으며, 본 연구는 국내 실정에 맞는 동물-매개 중재를 위한 적극적인 시도를 위해 근거와 지식을 통합하고 국내 연구의 활성화를 위해 정보를 제공하는 것에 의의가 있다. Objective : For Animal-Assisted Intervention (AAI) for mental disorder with various symptoms, systematic review of subject characteristics, evaluation tools, interventions, and results to integrate evidence and knowledge and To promote research. Methods : Based on the PRISMA guideline, the literature search was conducted from June 21, 2021 to July 5, 2021, and the overseas search terms were Medical Subjects Headings (MeSH) terms according to ‘Mental disorder’ and ‘Animal-Assisted therapy’ was mainly used, and the databases Pubmed, PsycINFO, and EBSCO were used. The domestic search terms ‘정신질환’ OR ‘정신장애’ AND ‘동물매개치료’ were used, and the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) was used for the database. Results : A total of 28 articles were finally selected, and the terms of animal-assisted intervention were used in various ways, such as Animal-assisted intervention, Animal-assisted activity, and Animal-assisted therapy. As for the evaluation tool, the evaluation for function and occupation was used the most, and the number of studies using dogs was 19. Conclusion : Animal-Assisted interventions have a positive effect on a variety of problems in people with mental disorder. This study is meaningful in that it integrates evidence and knowledge for an active attempt for animal-assisted intervention suitable for domestic conditions and provides information for revitalization of domestic research.

Systemic literature review on the animal assisted intervention

Okjin Kim,Sunhwa Hong,Hyun-A Lee,Yung-Ho Chung,Si-Jong Lee 한국동물매개심리치료학회 2015 한국동물매개심리치료학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Animal Assisted Intervention (AAI) is a goal oriented intervention that intentionally includes or incorporates animals in health, education and human service for the purpose of therapeutic gains in humans. Animal assisted interventions incorporate human-animal teams in formal human service such as Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) or Animal Assisted Education (AAE). Animal Assisted Activity (AAA) is the informal AAI often conducted on a volunteer basis by the human-animal team for motivational, educational and recreational purposes. AAI could be used for rehabilitation therapy and psychotherapy for patients with various symptoms. AAI uses animals, mostly dogs, to aid in healing patients holistically. Dogs have an overwhelming gratitude and exuberance for life and this effect on people is astounding. Furthermore, AAI has been researched and its effectiveness on patients' outcomes and healing is documented. With a soaring trend of the incorporation of complementary therapies into the mainstream of therapy and health care, animal-facilitated therapy has become a popular interest for the therapy team to integrate into a patient's plan of therapy. The purpose of this manuscript is to raise awareness about AAI and to familiarize readers with the concepts surrounding AAI so that they can be informed aids to clients who might benefit from the technique.

해외 동물매개중재 연구에 대한 고찰(총설)

천시내,전중환 강원대학교 동물생명과학연구소 2022 동물자원연구 Vol.33 No.2

There is a growing interest in animal-assisted intervention (AAI) all over the world. AAI is an umbrella term describing various forms of human-animal teams in formal human service, such as animal-assisted activity (AAA), animal-assisted therapy (AAT), and animal-assisted education (AAE). Animals commonly used as partners in AAI are dogs, cats, horses, guinea pigs, farm animals, and dolphins. Research on various topics within the field of AAI has experienced rapid growth over the past decade, but AAI approaches are still struggling to establish credibility as a complementary therapy method for a range of medical and psychological conditions. The aim of this review is to scrutinize the research literature related to AAI. Most studies have shown that AAI can have multiple outcomes, including social, psychological, and physical ones, in a wide range of settings. However, studies have not yet examined whether these effects carry over into other contexts. Moreover, study samples have tended to be small, non-representative, heterogeneous, and conducted without control groups. Further research is, thus, necessary to explore the sustainability and long-term benefits of AAI in a variety of settings and for different populations. Also, there is a need for specific guidelines for the welfare of therapy animals, as well as possible directions for standardized professional competencies. 최근 전 세계적으로 동물매개중재(animal-assisted intervention: AAI) 분야에 대한 관심과 수요가 증가하고 있다. AAI는 목적과 전문가 개입 여부 등에 따라 동물매개활동(animal-assisted activity: AAA), 동물매개치료(animal- assisted therapy: AAT), 동물매개교육(animal-assisted education: AAE)으로 구분된다. 지난 20년간 동물매개중재의 대상과 환경, 동물 등에 따른 AAI의 치료적 가치를 알아내기 위한 다양한 연구들이 수행되고 있다. 국내에서는 일부 대학과 민간 기관에서 AAI 관련 프로그램들을 운영하고 있지만, 활성화되지 못하고 있으며 관련한 전문 용어들이 혼용되고 있는 등 많은 문제들이 제기되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 해외의 AAI 관련 연구에 대해 조사, 분석하여 국내의 AAI에 대한 연구방향 설정 및 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 그리고 연구 결과들을 종합해본 결과, AAI가 심리적, 사회적, 인지적, 신체적 장애가 있는 사람들의 삶의 질을 개선하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 대부분의 연구에서 AAI 분야의 치료적 가치에 대한 잠재력을 높이 평가하고 있다. 그러나 최근 AAI와 관련한 용어들이 공식적으로 정의되고 유형별로 구분되어 있음에도 불구하고 여전히 혼동되어 사용되고 있다. AAA과 AAT는 어느 정도 구분되어 사용되고 있으나, AAE의 경우 아직 교육 환경이라는 좁은 범위에서 이루어지고 있는 AAA으로 볼 수 있으며, 때때로 AAT와 연결된다. 즉, AAI는 유형별로 구분하여 나누어지고 있지만 결국 AAI라고 할 수 있다. 한편, 연구의 대부분이 단기적인 결과만을 측정하고 있으며 표본 선택과 크기, 절차와 도구 등이 매우 다양하여 AAI의 가치를 과학적으로 평가하고 이해하는데 어려움이 따르고 있다. 따라서 AAI의 효과에 대한 보다 과학적이고 수치화된 평가를 위해서는 이론적 모델에 기초하여 보다 구체적이고 엄격한 연구가 필요하며, 다른 분야 간의 학문적 협력이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 그리고 무엇보다도 치유도우미동물의 신체적·정서적 상태가 AAI의 효과에 영향을 미칠 수 있고 동물복지와도 밀접한 관계가 있으므로 치유도우미동물의 관리와 복지에 대한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

동물매개중재프로그램이 중학생의 사회성과 우울에 미치는 효과

임은경,김옥진 한국동물매개심리치료학회 2016 한국동물매개심리치료학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Animal-Assisted Intervention programs and interventions with students are becoming promising field in school and therapeutic settings. Following this trend, Animal-Assisted Intervention (AAI) program was designed to help students adopt more easily to school life and to encourage them to keep healthy relationships with others. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to identify the effects of animal-assisted intervention (AAI) on the middle school students' sociability and depression. The participants in this study, 8 middle school students residing in Seoul who were interested in animals and agreed to the research attended this program. This study was conducted two times a week for 6 weeks (a total of 12 times) with one main researcher and three research assistants. The major research tool was the test of sociability and depression and the statistical test being used for this study was Wilcoxon's signed ranks. The results were as follows. First, the study showed the significant effects of animal-assisted intervention on sociability for middle school students. There were significant differences in many aspects such as reliability, autonomy, sociability and compliance. Second, significant reductions in anxiety and depression were found after the introduction of animal-assisted intervention for students. Students who participated this program experienced a reduction in depression and stress to some degree. Also, they began to form much more positive friendships and followed school rules as well. Based on the above results, it can be seen that animal-assisted intervention program significantly has the positive effects on the social adaptability and depression of the middle school students. Therefore, this animal-assisted intervention should be considered as a positive program for emotional and psychological support for middle school students.

자폐스펙트럼장애 아동의 사회적 상호작용 증진을 위한 동물매개중재의 치료적 효과에 대한 고찰

손지혜(Son, Ji-Hye),강소연(Kang, So-Yeon),강슬기(Kang, Seul-Gi),손유진(Son, Yu-Jin),정예진(Jong, Ye-Jin),최재향(Choi, Jae-Hyang) 한국정신보건작업치료학회 2021 한국정신보건작업치료학회지 Vol.8 No.1

목적 : 본 연구는 동물매개중재가 자폐스펙트럼장애 아동의 사회적 상호작용에 미치는 영향, 치료적 효과를 알아보고, 자료분석을 통해 얻은 정보를 동물매개중재에 관심을 가지고 있는 임상가와 작업치료사에게 기초 자료로 제공하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 전자 데이터베이스인 RISS, Google Scholar, Korea Scholar를 사용하여 2007년 부터 2020년까지의 논문을 검색하였다. 주요 검색어는 ( 자폐스펙트럼장애 OR ASD OR Autism Spectrum Disorders ) AND ( 사회적 상호작용 OR 사회성 AND 동물매개중재 OR 반려견 OR Animal therapy OR Animal-assisted )를 사용하였다. 최종적으로 10편의 국내외 논문을 본 연구의 분석 대상으로 선정하였다. 선정된 논문은 저자/연도, 연구 목적, 대상자 N/ 나이, 기간/빈도, 중재 프로그램, 프로그램 제공자, 측정도구, 결과 순으로 정리하였다. 결과 : 중재 도우미 동물은 반려견, 기니피그, 말 3종류로 나타났다. 제공자는 동물매개심리상담사 8명을 포함하여 총 27명이며 지역사회 환경을 기반으로 프로그램이 진행됐다. 사용된 도구로는 사회성숙도검사(SMS)가 가장 많았다. 동물매개중재의 치료적 효과는 사회적 기술 향상에 가장 효과적이었고 다음으로 부정적 사회행동의 감소로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구는 동물매개중재 프로그램에 대한 체계적 고찰을 통하여 관련 영역을 확대하는 기초 자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 이는 추후 작업치료사가 동물매개중재(AAI) 전문가로서의 역할을 정립할 수 있는 후속연구를 계획하는 기초 자료로 활용되기를 기대한다. Objective : The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effects of animal assisted interventions on social interaction and therapeutic effects to ASD, and provide the information obtained through data analysis as basic data to occupational therapists. Methods : Previous studies were found from an electronic database; RISS, Google Scholar, Korea Scholar database published between 2007 to 2020. The key terms were ASD OR Autism Spectrum Disorders AND Social interaction AND AAI OR Dog OR Animal therapy OR Animal-assisted . A total of 10 articles were used in this analysis. Results : Types of intervention included dogs, guinea pigs and horses. The provider was a total of 27 people, including 8 AAI experts, and the program was based on the community environment. The Social Maturity Scale(SMS) was the most used measurement tool. As the result of the intervention social skills were improved and negative social behaviors were decreased. Conclusion : This study was to provide basic data for expanding related areas through a systematic review of animal assisted interventions. In the future, the roles of occupational therapists should be clarified of animal assisted intervention and various animal assisted interventions should be made.

The effect of animal-assisted intervention using therapy dogs on sociability of autism spectrum disorder of dhildren

Yunseok Jang,Juncheol Lee,Won-Guk Kang,Okjin Kim 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

In this study, we sought to investigate how Animal-assisted Intervention affects the sociability of autism spectrum disorders of children. The subjects of the study were 10 sociability of autism spectrum disorders of children who attended a consultation center in J city, and in order to verify the effect of the program, 5 members of a homogeneous experimental group of 5 people were selected. did. From July 2020, the experimental population was given a three-month Animal-assisted Intervention program once a week for 40 minutes for a total of 10 sessions. The experimental group and control group for effect verification were analyzed by performing a social technical rating scale and electroencephalogram measurement before and after the fact. Using SPSS 20.0, we used a dictionary within the group and a comparative analysis after the fact. As a result, first, significant differences in the overall sociality, cooperation, and self-assertion of the experimental population were shown. Therefore, it was found that the Animal-assisted Intervention in this study had a positive effect on the sociability of autism spectrum disorders of children. Acknowledgement: This paper was supported by Rural Development Administration in 2020, Agenda Research Project(PJ01475901) - Study on the mechanism of animal assisted therapy in human animal bond.

치료도우미동물 복지를 위한 고찰 및 가이드라인 제안 - 2015년 기준

강원국,김다슬,서성원,권혜영,이유진,홍선화,김정연,이형석,김옥진 한국동물매개심리치료학회 2015 한국동물매개심리치료학회지 Vol.4 No.2

In this article, we reviewed how the therapy animals for animal assisted intervention (AAI) could be treated ethically in the aspects of animal welfare. Our goal is to reexamine the animal-human partnership from the animal's viewpoint to see what the benefits might be for the animal, or to see if the raising, training, and deployment of assistance and therapy animals is causing significant degradation in animal welfare. Also, we want to make an impression for AAI therapists to examine their ethical responsibility for the welfare of their therapeutic assisting animals. Animal assisted psychotherapist must respect the integrity of the animals and recognize that their rights and safety are safeguarded. In this article, we intend to provide recent advanced knowledge on the animal welfare and ethical reference in the filed of animal-assisted intervention.

치매 환자에 대한 동물매개중재로서 동물매개치료 연구에 대한 고찰

김옥진 한국동물매개심리치료학회 2015 한국동물매개심리치료학회지 Vol.4 No.1

This article provides a review of research published from 1990 to 2014 year on the effect of animal-assisted therapy as an animal-assisted intervention for dementia. Animal-assisted intervention is gaining popularity as part of therapy programs in residential aged care facilities. Humans and pet dogs respond to quiet interaction with a lowering of blood pressure and an increase in neurochemicals associated with relaxation and bonding. These effects may be of benefit in ameliorating behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Current literature suggests that animal-assisted intervention may ameliorate behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, but the duration of the beneficial effect has not been explored. Future research employing more rigorous designs and systematically building upon a clearly defined line of inquiry is needed to advance our knowledge on the effect of animal-assisted intervention for dementia..

치유농업으로서 축산동물을 활용한 치유 프로그램 운영에 대한 고찰

김옥진 한국동물매개심리치료학회 2016 한국동물매개심리치료학회지 Vol.5 No.1

This article provides a review of research published since 1990 on the beneficial effects of healing therapy programs with farm animals. Although animal-assisted intervention for humans with mental disorders has been well documented with companion animals like as cats and dogs, there is a complete lack of controlled studies of farm animals as therapeutic agents for patients with several disorders. Previous studies of animal-assisted intervention with companion animals have documented that human-animal interaction may decrease stress levels, and is shown to improve self-confidence, social competence and quality of life. As it is shown that different types of animals may have different impact on people's health, it is therefore worth investigating to what extent contact and work with farm animals will contribute to self-efficacy, coping ability and quality of life among psychiatric patients. Future research employing more rigorous designs and systematically building upon a clearly defined line of inquiry is needed to advance our knowledge on the potential beneficial effects of the healing therapy programs trough animal-assisted intervention with farm animals.

동물매개교육의 효과와 현황에 대한 고찰

김옥진,이시종,유지현 한국동물매개심리치료학회 2017 한국동물매개심리치료학회지 Vol.6 No.1

This article provides a review of research published since 1990 on the beneficial effects and current situation of animal assisted education. Animal Assisted Education (AAE) is goal-directed interventions designed to promote improvement in cognitive functioning of the person(s) involved and in which a specially trained dog-handler team is an integral part of the educational process. AAE is directed and/or delivered by an educational professional with education, licensure, and specialized expertise and within the scope of education. AAE may be provided in a variety of settings, may be group or individual in nature and may be implemented for persons of any age. There are specific educational goals for each individual involved and the process is documented and evaluated. Future research employing more rigorous designs and systematically building upon a clearly defined line of inquiry is needed to advance our knowledge on the potential beneficial effects of the education programs trough animal-assisted intervention with animals.