반데르발스 전극 소재에서 테트라클로로알루미네이트 삽입의 사실적 거동에 대한 제일원리 모델링 연구

임강훈(Kanghoon Yim),리즈키 타마라니(Rizcky Tamarany ) 한국세라믹학회 2023 세라미스트 Vol.26 No.3

Aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) have recently attracted much attention due to their very fast charging and discharging speeds and excellent cycle stability. Unlike lithium-ion batteries, AIBs can be designed using a variety of ions, and the operating mechanism of ion intercalation in actual battery systems has not been fully clarified. Among them, the AIB based on tetrachloroaluminate(AlCl₄⁻) ion has the fastest charging and discharging speed and more than 8,000 cycles of cycle stability. However, due to the large size of the AlCl₄⁻ ion (∼ 5.28 Å), there has been controversy over its actual intercalation/deintercalation behavior and it is difficult to explain the characteristics of AIBs with very fast ion exchange behavior and excellent cycle stability. Theoretical studies using first-principles calculations have reported that the most stable structure when AlCl₄⁻ ion is inserted into graphite is that the ion intercalation gallery of graphite should be extended to∼9 Å. However, this is in contradiction with the experimental observation results (∼5.7 Å). In this paper, we solved this discrepancy between theory and experiment, and proposed a first-principles calculation-based computational simulation model that considers more realistic ion intercalation conditions. We found that the operating mechanism of AlCl₄⁻ ion intercalation can vary depending on the range of expansion of the out-of-plane lattice constant of the graphite structure. In other words, when the distance between the ion insertion galleries is physically constrained and a deformation force exists, AlCl₄⁻ ion is stabilized to have a flat planar shape, which is in good agreement with the experimental observation results. We also applied the computational simulation model that considers this behavior to explain the AlCl₄⁻ ion intercalation mechanism in 2D van der Waals electrode materials with confined out-of-plane lattice lengths, and predicted the battery performance of aluminum-ion battery electrodes in hetero-structures where different 2D materials form interfaces.

Modification of Optical and Mechanical Surface Properties of Sputter-Deposited Aluminum Thin Films through Ion Implantation

Kang, Tae June,Kim, Jeong-Gil,Lee, Ho-Young,Lee, Jae-Sang,Lee, Jae-Hyung,Hahn, Jun-Hee,Kim, Yong Hyup 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.15 No.5

Aluminum (Al) thin films are used widely as an electronic material in a variety of applications because of their high conductivity, optical reflectance and low cost. In the present study, helium (He) and nitrogen (N2) ions were implanted in sputter-deposited Al thin films with different doses and energies, and the changes in the film properties, such as the surface roughness, optical reflectance, hardness and Young's modulus, were investigated. The results showed that the implantation of both ions smooth the surface of Al thin films by decreasing the hillock density, resulting in low global surface roughness. In particular, in the case of He ion implantation, the moderated degradation of optical reflectance was observed compared to the film implanted with nitrogen ion. On the other hand, excessive ion implantation increased the local (short-range) surface roughness, which deteriorated the optical reflectance of the Al films. The continuous stiffness measurement technique in nano-indentation showed that ion implantation increased the hardness near the surface. He ion implantation hardened the surface of the Al thin film, and almost 2 times higher surface hardness was achieved with an ion dose of $10^{18}ions/cm^2$ at 40 KeV.

Modification of Optical and Mechanical Surface Properties of Sputter-Deposited Aluminum Thin Films through Ion Implantation

강태준,김용협,김정길,이호영,이재상,이재형,한준희 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

Aluminum (Al) thin films are used widely as an electronic material in a variety of applications because of their high conductivity,optical reflectance and low cost. In the present study, helium (He) and nitrogen (N2) ions were implanted in sputter-deposited Al thinfilms with different doses and energies, and the changes in the film properties, such as the surface roughness, optical reflectance,hardness and Young's modulus, were investigated. The results showed that the implantation of both ions smooth the surface of Al thinfilms by decreasing the hillock density, resulting in low global surface roughness. In particular, in the case of He ion implantation,the moderated degradation of optical reflectance was observed compared to the film implanted with nitrogen ion. On the other hand,excessive ion implantation increased the local (short-range) surface roughness, which deteriorated the optical reflectance of the Alfilms. The continuous stiffness measurement technique in nano-indentation showed that ion implantation increased the hardness nearthe surface. He ion implantation hardened the surface of the Al thin film, and almost 2 times higher surface hardness was achievedwith an ion dose of 1018 ions/cm2 at 40 KeV.

질소이온주입에 의한 알루미늄의 표면개질특성

강혁진(Hyuk-Jin Kangㅠ),안성훈(Sung-Hoon Ahn),이재상(Jae-Sang Lee),김경균(Kyung-Gun Kim) 대한기계학회 2005 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2005 No.5

The research on surface modification technology has been advanced to improve the properties of engineering materials. Ion implantation is a novel surface modification technology to enhance the mechanical, chemical and electrical properties of substrate’s surface using accelerated ions. In this research, nitrogen ions were implanted into aluminum substrates which would be used for mold of rubber materials. The composition of nitrogen ion implanted aluminum alloy and nitrogen ion distribution profile were analyzed by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). To analyze the modified surface, properties such as hardness, friction coefficient, wear resistance, contact angle, and surface roughness were measured. Hardness of ion implanted specimens was higher than that of untreated specimens. Friction coefficient was reduced, and wear resistance was improved. From the experimental results, it can be expected that ion implantation of nitrogen enhances the surface properties of aluminum mold.

Surface Modification of Aluminum by Nitrogen-Ion Implantation

Kang Hyuk-Jin,Ahn Sung-Hoon,Lee Jae-Sang,Lee Jae-Hyung Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2006 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.7 No.1

The research on surface modification technology has been advanced to improve the properties of engineering materials. Ion implantation is a novel surface modification technology that enhances the mechanical, chemical and electrical properties of substrate's surface using accelerated ions. In this research, nitrogen ions were implanted into AC7A aluminum substrates which would be used as molds for rubber molding. The composition of nitrogenion implanted aluminum and distribution of nitrogen ions were analyzed by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). To analyze the modified surface, properties such as hardness, friction coefficient, wear resistance, contact angle, and surface roughness were measured. Hardness of ion implanted specimen was higher than that of untreated specimen. Friction coefficient was reduced, and wear resistance was improved. From the experimental results, it can be expected that implantation of nitrogen ions enhances the mechanical properties of aluminum mold.

Condensation mode transition and condensation heat transfer performance variations of nitrogen ion-implanted aluminum surfaces

Kim, Kiwook,Jeong, Ji Hwan Elsevier 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER - Vol.125 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Aluminum substrate specimens are irradiated with nitrogen ions at various ion dose and ion energy levels in order to realize dropwise condensation on the specimen surfaces. Dropwise steam condensation initially occurs on these specimens, but the condensation mode changes into filmwise condensation. When the condensation mode changes to filmwise condensation, the heat transfer coefficient is measured to be approximately 40% lower than that predicted using the Nusselt theory; in addition, the color of the surface changes from yellow-brown to silver-white. This surface color change is the result of the hydrolysis reaction between the condensate and the nitrogen ion-implanted aluminum surface. Non-condensable gas is generated by the hydrolysis reaction, and this non-condensable gas diminishes the heat transfer coefficient. In addition, the material composition of the specimen’s surface changes and causes the transition of the condensation mode.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Nitrogen ions are irradiated on aluminum substrates. </LI> <LI> Dropwise condensation initially occurs but change into film condensation soon. </LI> <LI> Hydrolysis reaction produces non-condensable ammonia gas. </LI> </UL> </P>

Polyrhodanine modified anodic aluminum oxide membrane for heavy metal ions removal

Song, Jooyoung,Oh, Hyuntaek,Kong, Hyeyoung,Jang, Jyongsik Elsevier 2011 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.187 No.1

<P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P><P>The polyrhodanine modified AAO membrane was synthesized by vapor deposition polymerization and it exhibited that the recyclable heavy metal ion removal performance.</P><ce:figure id='fig0050'></ce:figure> <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Polyrhodanine was immobilized onto the inner surface of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane <I>via</I> vapor deposition polymerization method. The polyrhodanine modified membrane was applied to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solution because polyrhodanine could be coordinated with specific metal ions. Several parameters such as initial metal concentration, contact time and metal species were evaluated systematically for uptake efficiencies of the fabricated membrane under continuous flow condition. Adsorption isotherms of Hg(II) ion on the AAO-polyrhodanine membrane were analyzed with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption rate of Hg(II) ion on the membrane was obeyed by a pseudo-second order equation, indicating the chemical adsorption. The maximum removal capacity of Hg(II) ion onto the fabricated membrane was measured to be 4.2mmol/g polymer. The AAO-polyrhodanine membrane had also remarkable uptake performance toward Ag(I) and Pb(II) ions. Furthermore, the polyrhodanine modified membrane could be recycled after recovery process. These results demonstrated that the polyrhodanine modified AAO membrane provided potential applications for removing the hazardous heavy metal ions from wastewater.</P>

Alizarin Red S modified electrochemical sensors for the detection of aluminum ion

( Seung Cheol Chang ) 한국센서학회 2010 센서학회지 Vol.19 No.6

Alizarin Red S modified screen printed carbon electrodes were developed for the electrochemical detection of aluminum ion. The electrodes developed use screen-printed carbon electrodes(SPCEs) coupled with chemical modification with an organic chelator, Alizarin Red SCARS), for aluminum ion detection in aqueous solution. For sensor fabrication ARS was directly immobilized on the surface of SPCEs using PYA-SbQ(The poly(vinyl alcohol) bearing stryrylpyridinium groups). Aluminum concentrations were indirectly estimated by amperometric determination of the non-complexed ARS immobilized on the electrodes, after its complexation with aluminum. The sensitivity of the sensor developed was 3.8 nAμM-lcm-2 and the detection limit for aluminum was 25 μM.

Wettability Conversion of an Aluminum-hydroxide Nanostructure by Ion Implantation

Jihoon Jeon,Dukhyun Choi,김형대,Yong Tae Park,Min-Jun Choi,정권범 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.68 No.8

This work presents a method for controlling the wettability of an aluminum-hydroxide (Al(OH)3) nanostructure by using ion implantation. We implant Xe ions into Al(OH)3 nanostructures at dosages between 5 × 1014 to 1 × 1016 ions/cm2. The microscopic surface morphology of the nanostructure after implantation does not change under our dosing conditions. However, a drastic increase in the surface contact angle (CA) from 0 to 100 is observed at a dosage of 5 × 1015 ions/cm2. We attribute this significant change in CA to the composition and chemical bonding states of carbon contained within the Al(OH)3 nanostructure.

Properties of CoS2/CNT as a Cathode Material of Rechargeable Aluminum‑Ion Batteries

Kaiqiang Zhang,Tae Hyung Lee,Joo Hwan Cha,Ho Won Jang,Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr,Ji-Won Choi 대한금속·재료학회 2019 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.15 No.6

Aluminum ion batteries (AIBs) are considered, in principle, promising post-lithium-ion batteries, which are potential forusing in grid-scale energy storage and electric vehicles, owing to the economic Al. The inflammable ionic liquid electrolyteendows stable plating and stripping of Al ions. A spotlighted research on cathode material has been preforming to obtain ahigh-performance cathode material that can match well with the prominent Al foil. However, one over-looked factor for thestudy of cathode materials is the cost and possibility of mass-production. With this key point in mind, we as the forerunnerstudied the CoS2/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite cathode material composed of low cost and commercialized CoS2and multi-wall CNTs to promote the development of AIBs. Stable charge/discharge plateaus (at 1.2/0.9 V vs. AlCl4−/Al)during cycling test were obtained for the CoS2/CNTs product at a high current density of 1000 mA g−1, with an extremelyhigh Coulombic efficiency of 98% and reasonable electrochemical capacities. This report is expected to contribute morecontribution in the development of cathode materials for rechargeable AIBs.