농업기술전파 커뮤니케이션 비교연구

김성수 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 2000 농업생명과학연구 Vol.4 No.-

This study reports on a comparison between the Korean diffusion of agricultural innovation or extension service and the cooperative extension service in the United States of America. It focuses on relevant differences between the two systems and provides recommendations for improvement of the Korean system to insure success in important areas related to the diffusion of agricultural innovations. After a comparative study on diffusion of innovations it is clear that, in order to have a productive agriculture that makes effective and efficient use of natural resources and helps achieve sustainability goals, a mechanism that delivers knowledge to agricultural communities must be established and maintained. This mechanism is clearly and agricultural extension service that is cooperatively funded by federal, state and local governments and that insures participation of constituents in the process of establishing priorities and evaluating achievements. The success of US agriculture, one of the most productive in the world, is to a large degree to the Cooperative Extension Service. Based on the results of this study and the differences of the United States and Korea, the following recommendations should be emphasized for more effective communication for agricultural innovation and rural development in Korea: 1) In order to insure that extension educators are high caliber professional individuals, it is important to establish a system that nationally recognizes these individuals as such, and that provides a professional development path. 2) The results of the decision of transfer of extension educators to local governments has not yielded positive outcomes, especially in terms of professional status. It is clearly demonstrable that valuable professionals are leaving the service, that local governments do not have the will and resources to implement a successful extension program. 3) Because of the critical importance of diffusing innovations to agricultural producers in order to insure and quality and steady food supply, it is of critical importance that these issues be addressed before the extension service is further deteriorated. Given the current situation, it is clear that the extension service should become nationally supported again in cooperation with local and state governments and that extension professionals be given appropriate rank at the national level, commensurate with their peers in research and teaching. 4) The common current committee practice of lengthy reporting and short discussion needs to be changed to one that results in clear, brief and substantive action oriented goals. Joint participation by researchers, extension educators and farmers should be encouraged in planning, implementation and evaluation of communication for agricultural innovations. Roles and functions of committees for institutional cooperation, and or agricultural extension committees should be enlarged. 5) Extension educators should be encouraged to adopt new communication technologies to improve their diffusion of innovations methods. Agricultural institutions and organizations should be encouraged to adopt farmer-first and or client-oriented approach in agricultural extension and diffusion of agricultural technologies. The number, complexity and rapid change of information in agricultural extension require the development of a computer based information and report system to support agricultural extension. 6) To facilitate and expand the further development of communication for agricultural innovation and rural development, agricultural communication programs in universities especially in colleges of agriculture and life science. 7) To strengthening the sense of national and social responsibility communication for agricultural innovation and rural development among students in agricultural colleges and universities through participation in learning activities by proactive recruitment. 8) To establish and reinforce a policy that insures participation in communication for agricultural innovation and rural development activities. 9) To improve further development of communication for agricultural innovation and rural development in Korea, more research activities should be encouraged.

경기도 농촌지도사업 발전 방안

김진모,고순철,이진화,공민영,이건영,송용섭 한국농·산업교육학회 2009 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.41 No.1

The purpose of this study was to find the improvement plans of GyeongGi-Do's agricultural extension services through the circumstance analysis of agricultural extension services and the diagnosis of functions and roles, processes, and systems of agricultural extension services in GyeongGi-Do. In order to attain this purpose, after setting up a diagnostic model in which agricultural environments, policies, functions and roles, business processes, and business systems of agricultural extension services in GyeongGi-Do were contained, we made a systematic diagnosis using literature review, face-to-face and written interviews, and surveys. The conclusions from this study were as follows. First, the agricultural extension services in GyeongGi-Do showed a low level of effectiveness owing to problems such as many kinds of loose businesses, supplier-oriented processes, incomplete organizations, and so on. Second, the developmental directions of agricultural extension services in GyeongGi-Do for solving these problems were established as follows: ① the execution of functions and roles focused on the regionally specialized agricultural extension services, ② the establishment of processes of strategic agricultural extension services focused on the customer, and ③ the establishment of systems fitted to agricultural extension services in GyeongGi-Do and adaptable to environmental changes in agriculture. Third, thirteen specific strategic tasks were presented according to each direction. Finally, some recommendations for improving the power of execution of these directions and strategic tasks were suggested. 이 연구는 경기도 농촌지도사업의 여건 분석과 경기도 농촌지도사업의 기능 및 역할, 사업 수행 프로세스, 사업 수행체제에 대한 진단을 통하여 경기도 농업 경쟁력 강화를 위한 경기도 농촌지도사업의 종합적인 발전 방안을 모색하는데 그 목적이 있었다. 이를 위해 경기도의 내외부 농업환경, 정책, 기능 및 역할, 사업 수행 프로세스, 사업 수행 체제를 근간으로 하는 진단모형을 설정하고, 문헌고찰, 인터뷰, 설문조사를 통하여 체계적인 진단을 실시하였다. 이 연구를 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 경기도 농촌지도사업은 백화점식 사업 수행, 공급자 중심의 과정, 부실한 조직 등의 문제로 인하여 낮은 수준의 효과성을 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 먼저 경기도 농촌지도사업의 발전 방향을 1) 경기도에 적합한 지역특화전략사업 중심의 기능과 역할 수행, 2)고객 중심의 전략적 농촌지도사업 프로세스 구축, 3)경기도 농촌지도사업에 부합하고 농업환경 변화에 유연한 수행 체제의 구축으로 설정하였다. 셋째, 각각의 방향에 따른 구체적인 13개의 전략과제를 제시하였다. 마지막으로 경기도 농촌지도사업 발전방안의 실행력 제고를 위해 고려되어야 할 사항을 제언하였다

한국농촌지도의 연구동향 : A Ten Year Analysis

김진모 한국농촌지도학회 2003 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.10 No.2

The objectives of this study were to examine subject matter topics researched in agricultural extension over a ten year period, to analyze the research methods in detail, and to get some implications for the academic progress of agricultural extension. The data were collected from 197 journal articles published in the Korean Journal of Agricultural Extension from 1994 through 2003. Among them, research topics and methods were analyzed specifically on 123 articles categorized as agricultural extension. Data were summarized using frequencies and percentages. The conclusions acquired from this study were as follows. First of all, the research on agricultural extension had been increased since the 1970s, and it still has not decreased till now. Secondly, the research also has indicated the direction of development from a broad point of view by analyzing the reality at a general level. Therefore, much remains to be done for investigating the reality more scientifically and establishing the theories on the agricultural extension by explaining the reality with many theories from other studies. Thirdly, the study on the agricultural extension mostly has been led by the professors and the agricultural extension workers. Fourth, the study has been focused on macro sides such as extension philosophy, extension systems, extension structure, extension organization and so on. Fifth, the research also has been carried out on the agricultural extension workers and farmers. Finally, most of the research methods were library survey and survey research.

농촌지도사업의 현장 적용성 제고에 관한 연구 - 전라남도를 중심으로 -

임현택(Hyeon-taek Lim),한왕규(Wang-gyu Han),엄지범(Ji-bum Um) 한국지역사회학회 2022 지역사회연구 Vol.30 No.2

본 연구는 농촌지도사업의 현장적용성을 높이기 위해 농촌지도사업에 참여한 농민을 대상으로 농촌지도사업에 대한 인식과 농촌지도사업 분야, 품목별 교육의 중요도와 만족도를 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 전라남도에서 농촌지도사업에 참여한 농민 120명을 상대로 2021년 7월~10월까지 설문조사를 실시하여 현업 미적용 원인을 파악하고자 하였다. 먼저 교육받은 농촌지도사업에 대한 현장 적용 실태에 대하여 분석하였다. 약 1/3 정도의 농가들이 농촌지도에서 얻은 지식이나 기술을 현업에 적용하지 않고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그 이유는 ‘기술이 현장과 부적합하다’라는 의견이 가장 많았다. 농촌지도의 효과에 대해서는 긍정적으로 나타났으며, 농촌지도의 재교육 의사 및 추천의향에 대한 질문을 통해 농가들이 재교육 의사는 낮으나 추천의향은 높다는 결과가 나타났다. 다음으로, 농촌지도사업의 역량별 중요도-만족도를 영농 유형별로 분석하였다. 분석결과 지속 및 유지 영역에는, 토양 관리, 재배기술, 병해충 관리, 품목별 교육, 농업경영 기술이 분포하였고, 가장 개선이 필요한 영역에는 재정 지원과 농산물 유통으로 분석되었다. 분석결과는 농촌지도사업의 현장 활용도를 높이기위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다. This study conducted a survey of 120 farmers who have taken the agricultural extension, such as the degree of field use and satisfaction with it. Through this, the cause of non-application of agricultural extension in the field was identified and a method was derived to improve it. First, we analyzed the actual conditions of applying the educated agricultural extension project to the field. We found that nearly one-third of the farm households did not use the knowledge or skills obtained from agricultural extension in the field. The most common reason was that it does not apply to the actual field. However, there were positive answers regarding the effect of agricultural extension. Also, we noted that farm households had little purpose of being re-educated but a high intention for proposal for others. Next, we analyzed the importance-satisfaction level of each competency of the agricultural extension project by farming type. According to the analysis, we found that soil management, cultivation technology, pest management, education by item, and agricultural management technology were distributed in sustainability and maintenance. In addition, we analyzed that financial support and agricultural product distribution were the areas that needed the most improvement. The results from the analysis can be used as primary research data to increase the practical application of the agricultural extension project. The agricultural extension project can be more effective if the needs of the projects beneficiaries, the farmers, are reflected in a way that prioritizes the areas in need of improvement from the analysis results.

도농복합시 농업기술센터의 역할 및 기능에 대한 인식 연구 - 농업인과 비농업인의 인식 비교를 중심으로 -

최수호(Soo-Ho Choi),이승현(Seung-Hyun Lee),강은지(Eun-Jee Kang),김용근(Young-Geun Kim) 한국농촌지도학회 2015 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.22 No.1

Agricultural Technology Center is an education center to provide agriculturalists with information and technology related with agriculture. As domestic and international environment of agriculture and rural area is changing, functions and roles of Agricultural Technology Center are evolving according to stream of times. In 1995, a new urban and rural complex city was created for symbiotic relationship between city and rural area, As a result, user group of Agricultural Technology Center expanded to nonagriculturalists. Though the change of agricultural extension service is necessary to perform extended functions of rural area and to satisfy needs of new group of users, it is difficult to find enough studies on new functions and roles of Agricultural Technology Center to manage the service change. Therefore, this study is aimed to suggest new functions and roles of Agricultural Technology Center according to stream of times. This study were surveyed through questionnaire targeting users of Namyangju Agricultural Technology Center to compare user group awareness of Agricultural Technology Center in urban and rural complex city. According to this study result, while main purpose of agriculturalists’ visiting at Agricultural Technology Center was participating in education programs related with agriculture. In contrast, nonagriculturalists usually visited the center for agricultural understanding, leisure activities, and children education, participating in field work programs. From the survey result of required functions of the center, it was revealed that nonagriculturalists expected urban agriculture, research for living improvement in rural area, adjustment education for returning farmer, and function of farming promotion, comparing agriculturalists. It is verified that this difference of user group awareness reflects the necessity that Agricultural Technology Center should change services and accept increasing use of nonagriculturalists with new functions and roles.

아프리카 농업과 농촌 발전을 위한 농촌지도의 역할 강화 방안

임삼봉 ( Sang Bong Im ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2014 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

Agricultural and rural extension has played diverse roles for rural development according to different ages and situations. In Africa, the roles of extension are strongly requires to eradicate poverty. In this regard, the study aims at proposing some measures to strengthen the roles of extension for the Africa`s rural development. It seems that there need such policies as successful implementation of agricultural and rural development projects, formation of community`s change adoption environments, community empowerment and capacity building, in order to facilitate agricultural and rural development. For strengthening the linkage of extension to agricultural and rural development policies, the following measures will have to be adopted: i) strengthening of the linkage of extension services to agricultural and rural development projects; ii) formation of community`s change adoption climates by integrating consciousness transformation and infrastructure improvement; iii) recovery and expansion of public-side rural extension`s roles for facilitating community change by empowering the extension workers; iv) acceleration of innovation expansion through facilitation method or technique.

후면 덧쌓기에 따른 농업용 저수지 제체의 안정성 평가

이달원(Dal-Won Lee),노재진(Jae-Jin Noh) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2012 농업과학연구 Vol.39 No.1

This study was carried out for safety evaluation, the practical application and improvement of design method of the agricultural reservoir embankment according to backside extension. Seepage analysis, slope stability analysis and finite element analysis were performed for steady state and transient conditions. Also, the pore water pressure, seepage quantity, safety factor and stress-strain behavior according to high water level and rapid drawdown were compared and analyzed. The pore water pressure at contact region between backside extension and old embankment was kept high after rapid drawdown. Therefore, backside extension is recommended that design method is required to be improved and reinforced more than the others raising embankment. The hydraulic gradients before and after backside extension showed high value at the base of the core, but they showed stable state at the upstream slope and downstream slope. The seepage quantity per 1 day and the leakage per 100 m for the steady state and transient conditions appeared to be safe against the piping. The safety factor of slope stability showed high at the steady state, and transient conditions did not show differences depending on the rapid drawdown. The safety factor was appeared high at the upstream slope before backside extension and downstream slope after extension. The excess pore water pressure for steady state and transient conditions showed negative(-) at the upstream slope, it was small at the downstream slope. The mean effective stress (p’) showed high at the base of the core and to be wild distribution after the extension. The displacement after extension showed 0.02-0.06 m in the upstream slope, the maximum shear strain after extension was smaller than that before extension.

후면 덧쌓기에 따른 농업용 저수지 제체의 안정성 평가

이달원(Dal-Won Lee),노재진(Jae-Jin Noh) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2012 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.39 No.1

This study was carried out for safety evaluation, the practical application and improvement of design method of the agricultural reservoir embankment according to backside extension. Seepage analysis, slope stability analysis and finite element analysis were performed for steady state and transient conditions. Also, the pore water pressure, seepage quantity, safety factor and stress-strain behavior according to high water level and rapid drawdown were compared and analyzed. The pore water pressure at contact region between backside extension and old embankment was kept high after rapid drawdown. Therefore, backside extension is recommended that design method is required to be improved and reinforced more than the others raising embankment. The hydraulic gradients before and after backside extension showed high value at the base of the core, but they showed stable state at the upstream slope and downstream slope. The seepage quantity per 1 day and the leakage per 100 m for the steady state and transient conditions appeared to be safe against the piping. The safety factor of slope stability showed high at the steady state, and transient conditions did not show differences depending on the rapid drawdown. The safety factor was appeared high at the upstream slope before backside extension and downstream slope after extension. The excess pore water pressure for steady state and transient conditions showed negative(-) at the upstream slope, it was small at the downstream slope. The mean effective stress (p’) showed high at the base of the core and to be wild distribution after the extension. The displacement after extension showed 0.02-0.06 m in the upstream slope, the maximum shear strain after extension was smaller than that before extension.

가나의 농촌지도사업과 국제협력사업의 현재와 미래

안사아이삭 ( Ansah Isaaca ),조경래 ( Gyoung Rae Cho ) 한국농촌지도학회 2014 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.21 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 가나의 농촌지도사업과 농업기술의 국제협력시스템의 현황과 방향을 탐색하는 것이다. 향후 농촌지도사업의 역할은 지금까지 해 오던 것과는 매우 다를 것이다. 농업기술시스템의 촉진자로서의 농촌지도의 역할은 민간부분의 증가와 함께 증가될 것이다. 공공 농촌지도사업은 민간 부분에서는 농민들의 다양한 요구에 부응할 수 없기 때문에 계속적으로 그 중요성이 증가할 것이다. 향후 이러한 변화와 함께, 가나의 농촌지도시스템에서 내적인 개혁은 도전에직면하게 될 것이다. 국제협력시스템은 외부의 이해당사자와 농촌지도사업의 파트너십을 형성하는데 중요한 역할을 할 것이다. 종자산업으로부터 나타난 혁신은 역동적이고 시스템적인 과정이었다. KAFECI는 그러한 변화가 2-3년안에 일어난다면 이러한 변화를 유연하게 받아들여야 한다. 기술이전과 전파의 도구나 틀은 다양한 사회경제적인 배경속에서 공동의 목적을 향해 도전하는 혁신적인 플렛폼으로서 발전되어져야 한다. The purpose of this study is to explore the present and future agriculturalextension system and international cooperation systems for agriculturaltechnologies in Ghana. The role of agricultural extension in the next decadeshould be quite different from what it was 10 years ago or even now. Its roleas a facilitator of agricultural knowledge system would only increase as moreparticipants from private sector would get involved in extension. The publicsector extension would still continue to be the major extension provider inmost parts of the country as the private sector alone would not be able to meet even partially the varied needs of farmers. Internal reforms are thusgoing to be the greatest challenge for the Ghana Extension System. The cooperation systems work in partnership with other stakeholder toprovide agricultural extension and advisory services to farmers. Innovations(information/knowledge) emerging from the seed industry may be seen asdynamic and systemic process which can emerge from many sources. KAFECI’s interventions must be flexible to accommodate such changes if theneed arises in subsequent years (year 2 & 3). The framework and tools fortechnology transfer and dissemination is developed on “innovation platform”where a group of stakeholders/collaborators with diverse social and economicbackgrounds, work towards a common objective or challenge.

독일유기농업 동향과 발전의 주요인 3가지

손상목 한국국제농업개발학회 2017 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

The top country of organic agriculture becomes nowadays well known Germany in terms of technical levels not only in the field of organic plant & animal production but also food processing & marketing. In this paper, 3 main factors which exerted a strong influence on the evolution & development of German organic agriculture in Germany were discussed.First, German Universities such as University of Bonn, University of Giessen, and Hohenheim University established Dept of Organic Agriculture and offers the organic agriculture major in the Master & Ph D course, while University of Kassel established College of Organic Agriculture and offers 23 major courses in various organic agriculture sectors. Furthermore most agriculture colleges in Germany offers some organic agriculture subjects to the students, because organic agriculture is one of the emerging industries in the agricultural sector, and farmers and consumers pay a great attention. There are 50 universities which offer agriculture courses in Korea, nevertheless none of Korean university offers Dept of Organic Agriculture. Second, German federal government established National Institute of Organic Agriculture in Trenthorst and tried to develop new scientific technology and skills for organic plant and animal production. And these new technical information was transferred to organic farmers through Demonstration Farm which is located in more than 200 sites. Third, Organic Agriculture Extension Service Center such as Kompetenzzentrum Oekolandbau Niedersachen (KÖN) was established in each states from 2002. These Organic Centers offer various advices for organic farmers verified scientifically or and the technical package for conversion farmer too.