코로나19 시기 노인의 우울감은 일상생활수행능력과 삶의 만족도 관계에 영향을 미쳤는가?: 독거노인과 비독거노인 비교를 중심으로

이석환,전용호 한국노인복지학회 2022 노인복지연구 Vol.77 No.4

The purpose of this study is to examine how depression during COVID-19 affected the relationship between Activities of daily living ability(ADL) and life satisfaction according to the household type of the elderly. To determine the purpose, the mediating effect based on Baron&Kenny(1986) was verified on 3,395 elderly living alone and 6,960 elderly non-living alone using data from the 2020 Senior Survey. The main findings are as follows. First, ADL had a positive effect on life satisfaction in both the elderly living alone and the non-living alone during the COVID-19. Second, the depression of the elderly living alone and the non-living alone had a negative effect on life satisfaction. Third, ADL of the non-living alone elderly had a negative effect on depression, but ADL of the elderly living alone did not have a significant effect on depression. Finally, in the mediating effect analysis, the partial mediating effect of depression was confirmed in the relationship between ADL and life satisfaction in the non-living alone elderly, but the mediating effect of depression was not shown in the living alone. Theoretical and policy suggestions were presented based on these research results. 본 연구는 코로나19 시기 독거노인과 비독거노인이 경험한 우울이 일상생활수행능력과 삶의 만족도의 관계에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지를 검증하고 그 차이를 확인하고자하였다. 이를 위해 2020년 노인실태조사 원데이터를 활용하여 독거노인 3,395명, 비독거노인 6,960명을 대상으로 Baron&Kenny(1986)의 이론에 근거하여 매개효과 검증을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 코로나19 시기 독거노인과 비독거노인 모두에서 ADL은 삶의 만족도에 정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 독거노인과 비독거노인의우울은 삶의 만족도에 부적인 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 비독거노인의 ADL은 우울에 부적인 영향을 미쳤으나 독거노인의 ADL은 우울에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 마지막으로 매개효과 분석에서 비독거노인은 ADL과 삶의 만족도 관계에서 우울의 부분매개효과가 확인되었으나 독거노인에서는 우울의 매개효과가 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 이론적, 정책적 제언을 제시하였다.

노인의 사회적 활동과 건강의 종단적 인과관계에 관한 연구: 성별에 따른 집단간 차이를 중심으로

임진섭,김제선 사단법인 한국융합기술연구학회 2023 아시아태평양융합연구교류논문지 Vol.9 No.11

본 연구는 65세 이상 노인을 대상으로 이들의 사회적 활동과 일상생활수행능력(ADL), 주관적 건강에 대한 시간의 흐름에 따른 변화궤적을 살펴보고 동시에 세 변인간의 종단적 인과관계 검증하고 동시에 성별에 따른 집단간 경로차이를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 한국고용정보원의 고령화연구패널조사의 5차년도(2014년)부터 8차년도(2020년)까지 총 4시점의 자료를 활용하였다. 주요 분석결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시간에 지남에 따라 노인의 사회활동과 주관적 건강은 감소했으며 타인으로 부터 받는 도움(ADL)은 증가했다. 둘째, 사회적 활동과 일상생활수행능력(ADL), 주관적 건강의 종단적 인과관계를 분석한 결과 초기 사회활동 수준이 높을수록 타인으로 부터 받는 도움(ADL)과 그 증가폭은 낮아졌으며 주관적 건강은 높아졌다. 또한 사회적 활동의 증가폭이 클수록 타인으로부터 받는 도움(ADL)의 증가폭은 감소했으나 주관적 건강의 증가폭은 증가했다. 다음으로 초기의 타인으로 부터 받는 도움(ADL)이 클수록 초기의 주관적 건강상태 역시 좋지 않았으며 타인으로 부터 받는 도움(ADL)의 증가폭이 클수록 주관적 건강상태의 증가폭은 감소하였다. 셋째, 노인의 사회활동이 주관적 건강에 직접적인 영향을 미치기도 하지만 일상생활수행능력(ADL)을 매개로 하여 간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 다집단 분석결과 세 변인의 종단적 인과관계에 대한 성별 차이가 존재했다. 마지막으로 이러한 분석결과를 바탕으로 노인의 사회활동을 장려하고 건강을 증진하기 위한 제언을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to examine the evolution of social activities, activities of daily living (ADLs), and subjective health over time among the elderly aged 65 and older, and to test the longitudinal causal relationship between these three variables, as well as to identify differences by gender. To do so, we utilized data from four waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) from the fifth year (2015) to the eighth year (2018). Key findings include First, over time, social activity and subjective health decreased and assistance from others (ADLs) increased among the elderly. Second, we analyzed the longitudinal causal relationship between social activity, ADLs, and subjective health, and found that the higher the initial level of social activity, the lower the increase in ADLs and the higher the subjective health. Also, the greater the increase in social activity, the lower the increase in ADLs but the higher the increase in subjective health. Second, the greater the initial ADLs, the worse the initial subjective health, and the greater the increase in ADLs, the less the increase in subjective health. Third, the social activities of the elderly had a direct effect on subjective health, but indirectly through the mediation of ADLs. Fourth, multigroup analyses revealed group differences in the longitudinal causality of the three variables. Finally, based on these findings, suggestions were made to encourage social activities and improve health among the elderly.

Using multiple sequence alignment to extract daily activity routines of the elderly living alone

Lee, Bogyeong,Lee, Hyun-Soo,Park, Moonseo,Ahn, Changbum Ryan,Choi, Nakjung,Kim, Toseung Techno-Press 2019 Advances in computational design Vol.4 No.2

The growth in the number of single-member households is a critical issue worldwide, especially among the elderly. For those living alone, who may be unaware of their health status or routines that could improve their health, a continuous healthcare monitoring system could provide valuable feedback. Assessing the performance adequacy of activities of daily living (ADL) can serve as a measure of an individual's health status; previous research has focused on determining a person's daily activities and extracting the most frequently performed behavioral patterns using camera recordings or wearable sensing techniques. However, existing methods used to extract common patterns of an occupant's activities in the home fail to address the spatio-temporal dimensions of human activities simultaneously. Though multiple sequence alignment (MSA) offers some advantages - such as inherent containment of the spatio-temporal data in sequence format, and rapid identification of hidden patterns - MSA has rarely been used to extract in-home ADL routines. This research proposes a method to extract a household occupant's ADL routines from a cumulative spatio-temporal data log of occupancy collected using a non-intrusive method (i.e., a tomographic motion detection system). The findings from an occupant's 28-day spatio-temporal activity log demonstrate the capacity of the proposed approach to identify routine patterns of an occupant's daily activities and to reveal the order, duration, and frequency of routine activities. Routine ADL patterns identified from the proposed approach are expected to provide a basis for detecting/evaluating abrupt or gradual changes of an occupant's ADL patterns that result from a physical or mental disorder, and can offer valuable information for home automation applications by enabling the prediction of ADL patterns.

The Relationship Between the Activities of Daily Living, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, and the Oral Quality of Life

김유나,김재현 융합연구학회 2022 융합연구학회지 Vol.6 No.3

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the ADL (Activities of Daily Living), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and the oral quality of life and provide the basic data. The multiple regression analysis was performed using the data from the Korea Aging Panel Survey 2018, and 6,936 participants were the final subjects. In addition to the ADL and the IADL, the demographic variables and health behaviors on the oral quality of life of the elderly were considered as the control variables. As a result of the analysis performed, it was found that the IADL had a significant relationship with the oral quality of life for the Model 3 (B: -0.010, P<.0001). Conclusion of the study: The result was secured such that the IADL acts more importantly on the oral quality of life than the ADL. Hence, it is necessary to improve the programs and education customized for the elderly to improve their oral quality of life.

노인의 일상생활수행능력이 우울감에 미치는 영향에 대한 지역사회 재가노인복지시설의 조절효과

주수산나,전혜정,최봄이 한국노년학회 2018 한국노년학 Vol.38 No.1

본 연구는 노인의 일상생활수행능력(ADL)과 도구적 일상생활수행능력(IADL)이 우울감에 미치는 영향에 대한 지역사회 재가노인복지시설의 조절효과를 탐색하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 고령화연구패널 5차(2014년)자료와 지역사회 재가노인복지시설 수에 대한 보건복지부 현황 자료(2014년)를 결합하여 다층분석을 실시하였다. 연구대상은 65세 이상 노인 4,139명이다. 종속변수는 우울감이며, 개인수준 독립변수는 ADL과 IADL이다. 지역수준의 조절변수는 시․도의 노인인구 1만 명당 재가노인복지시설의 수(재가노인복지시시설 비율)이다. 연구결과, ADL이 우울에 미치는 영향은 재가노인복지시설의 비율에 따라서 달라진다. 즉, 노인인구 1만 명당 재가노인복지시설의 수가 많은 지역에 거주하는 노인일수록 ADL이 우울에 미치는 영향력이 작은 것으로 나타났다. IADL에 관해서는 제한 수준이 높을수록 노인이 더 우울해지는 경향이 있었으나 IADL과 재가노인복지시설 비율의 상호작용 효과는 발견되지 않았다. 본 연구결과는 일상생활수행과 관련된 개입 서비스를 지역사회 재가노인복지시설을 통해 전달하는 것이 노인의 우울감 완화에 효과적일 수 있음을 시사한다. 특히 재가노인복지시설이 지역사회 노인 수요에 맞추어 충분히 제공될 때 복지제도의 효율성이 높아질 수 있음을 뒷받침한다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating effect of home-based welfare facilities for older adults on the associations between the activities of daily living (ADL) / instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and the depressive symptoms among Koreans in later life. Multilevel analysis was conducted with Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging 5th data and the public report about welfare facilities from Ministry of Health and Welfare in Korea. Samples were 4,139 older adults over 65 years old. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms, and individual level independent variables were ADL and IADL. The ratio of home-based welfare facilities out of 10,000 older adults in each city and province was the moderator. As a result, the effects of ADL on depressive symptoms vary according to the proportion of elderly welfare facilities out of the old population in the community. In specific, the older adults who live in the place where the elderly welfare facility rate was higher were less affected by ADL. Also, the more IADL people had, the more depressive symptoms they had. However, the interaction effect between IADL and the proportion of home-based welfare facilities was not significant. It suggests that delivering welfare services helping ADL through the home-based welfare facilities may be useful for decreasing depressive symptoms. Moreover, considering the proportion of facilities and older population will be helpful to make the welfare facilities efficiently work.

Discrimination of Fall and Fall-like ADL Using Tri-axial Accelerometer and Bi-axial Gyroscope

( Geun-chul Park ),( Soo-hong Kim ),( Sung-wan Baik ),( Jae-hyung Kim ),( Gye-rok Jeon ) 한국센서학회 2017 센서학회지 Vol.26 No.1

A threshold-based fall recognition algorithm using a tri-axial accelerometer and a bi-axial gyroscope mounted on the skin above the upper sternum was proposed to recognize fall-like activities of daily living (ADL) events. The output signals from the tri-axial accelerometer and bi-axial gyroscope were obtained during eight falls and eleven ADL action sequences. The thresholds of signal vector magnitude (SVM_Acc), angular velocity (ω_res), and angular variation (θ _res) were calculated using MATLAB. When the measured values of SVM_Acc, ω _res, and θ _res were compared to the threshold values (TH1, TH2, and TH3), fall-like ADL events could be distinguished from a fall. When SVM_Acc was larger than 2.5 g (TH1), ω _res was larger than 1.75 rad/s (TH2), and θ _res was larger than 0.385 rad (TH3), eight falls and eleven ADL action sequences were recognized as falls. When at least one of these three conditions was not satisfied, the action sequences were recognized as ADL. Fall-like ADL events such as jogging and jumping up (or down) have posed a problem in distinguishing ADL events from an actual fall. When the measured values of SVM_Acc, ω _res, and θ _res were applied to the sequential processing algorithm proposed in this study, the sensitivity was determined to be 100% for the eight fall action sequences and the specificity was determined to be 100% for the eleven ADL action sequences.

u-라이프케어를 위한 HMM 기반의 분산 행위 인지 알고리즘

김홍섭(Hong-Sop Kim),임거수(Geo-Su Yim) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2009 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.14 No.5

본 논문에서는 일상 공간에서 발생할 수 있는 인간의 일상생활 행위(ADL: Activities of Daily Living)들을 인지하는 분산 모델을 제시한다. 사용자의 환경, 위치 및 행위 정보를 간단한 센서들이 부착된 가정용 기기 혹은 식기들을 통해 무선 센서 네트워크로 수집하며 분석하고, 이 정보를 기반으로 사용자의 생환패턴, 건강상태 등을 파악하여 이에 요구되는 라이프케어 서비스를 제공한다. 하지만 서비스의 제공을 위해서는 높은 수준의 행위인지 데이터가 요구되나 충분히 분석되어지지 않은 센싱 데이터들은 고차원 상창 추론을 위한 일상생활 행위 인지 모델의 구축을 어렵게 한다. 그러나 수집 데이터의 순서를 통해 행위를 인지할 수 있다는 것에 착안하여 센서 데이터들의 순서를 특정 행위 패턴을 분석하는 데 활용하고, 이를 기반으로 한 분산 선형 시간추론 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이 알고리즘은 가정, 사무실 및 병원과 같은 소규모 환경에서 행위를 인지하는 데 적절하다. 제안한 알고리즘의 성능평가를 위해서 MIT Media Lab에서 제공하는 공개 데이터를 사용하였으며, 75% 이상의 평균 행위 인지 정확도를 보였다. In this paper, we propose a distributed model that recognize ADLs of human can be occurred in daily living places. We collect and analyze user's environmental, location or activity information by simple sensor attached home devices or utensils. Based on these information, we provide a lifecare services by inferring the user's life pattern and health condition. But in order to provide a lifecare services well-refined activity recognition data are required and without enough inferred information it is very hard to build an ADL activity recognition model for high-level situation awareness. The sequence that generated by sensors are very helpful to infer the activities so we utilize the sequence to analyze an activity pattern and propose a distributed linear time inference algorithm. This algorithm is appropriate to recognize activities in small area like home, office or hospital. For performance evaluation, we test with an open data from MIT Media Lab and the recognition result shows over 75% accuracy.

유료노인복지시설 거주노인의 일상생활수행정도와 만족도에 관한 연구

최혜은,안옥희,정연강 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2002 중앙간호논문집 Vol.6 No.2

This dissertation is on perceiving ADL(ADL : Activities of Daily Living), IADL(IADL : Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) and satisfaction of the residents paid Welfare facilities. It also seeks the elderly to use paid Welfare facilities a better life by analyzing the influence on ADL, IADL and satisfaction. Data for this present study was collected via questionnaires randomly distributed to residents of paid Welfare facilities from 1 June to 30 June, 2002. Questionnaires were issued to 200 people and 108 were returned. The data was analyzed by frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, factor analysis, correlation coefficients analysis. The results are as follows : First, For the ADL, score of step climbing was comparatively lower than that of other activities. The ADL showed significant differences according to religion. Second, For the IADL, using public transportation and bank facilities were comparatively difficult. Ability of IADL was generally lower than that of ADL. The IADL showed significant differences according to the existence of relatives. Third, Th general satisfaction facility service condition showed significant differences according to sex, education, disease, the existence of a grandson and granddaughter. Forth, Average score of the life satisfaction was 41.09. The life satisfaction showed significant differences according to marital status and the existence of relatives. According to results of correlation analysis between score of life satisfaction and ADL, IADL, facility service condition showed correlation. In summary it is important to improve the ADL, IADL status and facility service condition, life satisfaction among the elderly in paid Welfare facilities. To do this government, related groups, related professionals have to develop policies and concrete programs for the benefit of the elderly.

일부 치매 및 치매의심환자들의 인지기능에 따른 구강보건인식 조사

김은숙 ( Eun Sook Kim ),홍민희 ( Min Hee Hong ) 한국치위생학회 2015 한국치위생학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate cognitive function, performance of activities of daily living, and recognition on oral health with the cognitive function testto dementia or dementia-suspected patients in the outpatients. Methods: The subjects were 94 dementia or dementia-suspected patients visiting C University hospital for the dementia test. Study instruments included Korea Mini.Mental State Examination KMMS, The Bayer-Activities of Daily Living Scale; B-ADL, Seoul-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; S-IADL, Global Deterioration Scale; GDS, Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire; KDSQ, and underlying diseases. Results: Dementia or dementia-suspected patients were 42 by KMMSE test, 25 patients had impaired functioning of daily living by B-ADL test, 27 patients showed the presence of depression by GDS test, and 45 patients showed impaired functioning of daily living. There was a statistically significant difference in the subjective recognition on oral health conditions. There was a statistically significant difference in the subjective recognition on oral health conditions by ADL. There was a positive correlation between the cognitive function and ADL performance. Higher cognitive function is proportional to ADL performance. Conclusions: The cognitive function was closely associated with ADL and subjective oral health conditions.

Recognition of Falls and Activities of Daily Living using Tri-axial Accelerometer and Bi-axial Gyroscope

( Geun Chul Park ),( Soo Hong Kim ),( Jae Hyung Kim ),( Beum Joo Shin ),( Gye Rok Jeon ) 한국센서학회 2016 센서학회지 Vol.25 No.2

This paper proposes a threshold-based fall recognition algorithm to discriminate between falls and activities of daily living (ADL) using a tri-axial accelerometer and a bi-axial gyroscope sensor mounted on the upper sternum. The experiment was executed ten times according to the proposed experimental protocol. The output signals of the tri-axial accelerometer and the bi-axial gyroscope were measured during eight falls and eleven ADL action sequences. The threshold values of the signal vector magnitude (SVM_Acc), angular velocity (ωres), and angular variation (θres) parameter were calculated using MATLAB. From the preliminary study, three thresholds (TH1, TH2, and TH3) were set so that the falls could be distinguished from ADL. When the parameter SVM_Acc is greater than 2.5 g (TH1), ωres is greater than 1.75 rad/s (TH2), and θres is greater than 0.385 rad (TH3), these action sequences are recognized as falls. If at least one or more of these conditions is not satisfied, the sequence is classified as ADL.