The Effect of Combination of Radiation with 5-Fluorouracil on Mouse Jejunal Crypt Cells

허승재(Seung Jae Huh),박찬일(Charn Il Park) 대한방사선종양학회 1985 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.3 No.2

방사선조사와 5-Fluorouracil(5-FU)과의 병용시 5-FU투여로 인한 마우스 공장 소낭선세포의 방사선 감수성에 미치는 영향과 방사선조사 효과 증강율을 측정하기 위하여 C_3H마우스 110마리를 대상으로 동물실험용 세시움 방사선 조사기를 이용하였다. 방사선조사 단독시행군은 1,000~1,600rad를, 5-FU와 병용군은 800~1,400rad의 방사선조사와 복강내 5-FU투여를 병용하였다. 방사선조사 단독시행 군은 조사 후 90시간 후에, 병용요법군은 120시간 후에 마우스 공장을 횡절단하여 마우스공장 소낭선 측정 법을 이용하여 평군치사선량과, 5-FU주입이 공장 소낭선세포 생존케 미치는 dose effect factor(DEF)를 측정하였으며, 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 방사선조사 단독시행 군, 방사선조사 분전 5-FU주입군, 방사선조사 6시간 후에 5-FU주입군의 평균치사선량(Do)은 각각 135, 135, 114rad였다. 2. 방사선조사 단독시행 군에 비하여 방사선조사 15분전 5-FU주입군과, 방사선조사 6시간 후에 5-FU주입군의 DEF는 각각 1.13, 1.27이였다. The interaction of radiation and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) on mouse jejunal crypt cells was studied using the microcolony survival assay. 150mg/kg of 5-FU was injected intraperitoneally 15 minutes before irradiation and 6 hours after irradiation. Jejunal crypt cells of mouse survived more when 5-FU was given 15 minutes before irradiation than giving it 6 hours after irradiation. The mean lethal doses (Do) of each of irradiation alone group, 5-FU injection group of 15 minutes preceding irradiation, and 5-FU injection group of 6 hours post irradiation were, 135, 135, and 114 rad respectively. The dose effect factor (DEF) of each of 5-FU injection groups of 15 minutes preceding irradiation and of 6 hours post irradiation were 1.13 and 1.27

Pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil after intravenous infusion of 5-fluorouracil-acetic acid-human serum albumin conjugate to rabbits

Chung, Sang Mok,Yoon, Eun Jeong,Kim, So Hee,Lee, Myung Gull,Lee, Heejoo,Park, Man Ki,Kim, Chong Kook 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1992 藥學論文誌 Vol.3 No.1

The pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)was compared after 30 min intravenous infusion of the same dose (20 mg/kg as 5-FU)of 5-FU(treatment Ⅰ),5-FU-acetic acid(5-FU-AA, treatment Ⅱ)and 5-FU-AA-human serum albumin conjugates (5-FU-AA-HSA, treatment Ⅲ)to rabbits. After post-infusion, plasma levels of 5-FU declined rapidly with a mean half-life of 8.0 min from treatment Ⅰ, however, they were not detected until 10-50 min and the mean plasma concentration of 1㎍/ml was maintained from 3 to 24 h for treatment Ⅲ. It might be possible to maintain constant plasma concentration s of 5-FU for a long period of time by 30min infusion of 5-FU-AA-HSA conjugates instead of tedious time-consuming infusion of 5-FU, The mean values of 24 h AUC(623 vs 1290㎍ min ml^-1)were significantly higher from treatment Ⅲ than that from treatment Ⅰ.5-FU was not detected from treatment Ⅱ nor 5-FU-AA from treatment Ⅲ in both plasma and urine samples. In treatment Ⅱ, 5-FU-AA was eliminated rapidly with a mean apparent terminal half-life of 18.7 min based on urinary excretion rate data. 5-FU was not detected in brain after 30 min intravenous infusion of both 5-FU and 5-FU-AA, however, significan amounts of 5-FU were found in brain after administration of 5-FU-AA-HSA conjugates. The in vitro release of 5-FU from 5-FU-AA-HSA conjugates was increased in the presence of protease or liver homogenates, however, 5-FU was not detected for up to 24 h incubation of 5-FU-AA with the various solutions.

생애초기 저산소증으로 인한 신경행동기형

이성수,이서울,강동원,김진수,김동구 대한신경과학회 1998 대한신경과학회지 Vol.16 No.2

5E 순환학습모형을 활용한 유아 과학교육프로그램 개발

송수연,김승희 한국유아교육학회 2019 유아교육연구 Vol.39 No.6

This study aims to develop the science education program for young children using 5E learning cycle model and to investigate the effects of the program. Researchers developed the science education program for young children using 5E learning cycle model through 5 steps, and investigated the effects of the program for 26 children aged 5 years old in Gwangju metropolitan city. Thirteen children belonged to the experimental group participated in this program, and other thirteen children in the comparative group participated in the scientific activities according to the Nuri Curriculum. The results of this study showed that the scores of the experimental group were meaningfully higher than those of the comparative group in the scientific attitudes, scientific inquiry abilities, and problem solving skills. That is to say, the science education program for young children using 5E learning cycle model positively affects young children’s scientific attitudes, scientific inquiry abilities, and problem solving skills. As a result, this study provides the information on 5E learning cycle model which is able to operate in early childhood education field by showing the educational effects of the scientific activities using 5E learning cycle model. By providing the information on effective teaching-learning model for young children, this study will contribute to unburden early childhood teachers’ pressure on science education and operate science education program focusing on young children. 본 연구의 목적은 5E 순환학습모형을 활용한 유아 과학교육프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 살펴보는 것이다. 연구자는 5단계 절차에 따라 5E 순환학습모형을 활용한 유아 과학교육프로그램을 개발하고, 그 효과를 광주광역시 어린이집의 만 5세 유아 26명을 대상으로 살펴보았다. 실험집단 유아 13명은 본 프로그램에, 비교집단 유아 13명은 누리과정에 따른 과학 활동에 참여하였다. 연구결과는 실험집단 유아의 과학적 태도와 과학적 탐구능력, 문제해결력 등의 점수가 비교집단보다 유의미하게 향상한 것으로 나타났다. 5E 순환학습모형을 활용한 유아 과학교육프로그램이 유아의 과학적 태도와 과학적 탐구능력, 문제해결력 등의 향상에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것이다. 결국 본 연구는 5E 순환학습모형을 활용한 과학 활동의 교육적 효과를 보여줌으로써 유아교육현장에서 시행할 수 있는 5E 순환학습모형에 관한 정보를 제공한다. 유아에게 효과적인 교수-학습 모형에 관한 정보를 제공함으로써 본 연구는 과학교육에 대한 유아교사의 부담감을 덜어주고 유아중심의 과학교육프로그램이 전개되는 데 이바지할 것이다.

목업 시험을 통한 5~13㎜ 순환 굵은골재 치환 사용이 콘크리트의 현장적용성에 미치는 영향 고찰

한민철(Min-Cheol Han),송영우(Young-Woo Song) 한국건설순환자원학회 2017 한국건설순환자원학회 논문집 Vol.5 No.1

본 연구에서는 5~13㎜ 순환골재를 치환한 콘크리트의 현장 적용성을 평가하기 위하여 목업 시험체를 제작하여 콘크리트를 타설한 후 이들이 콘크리트의 제반특성에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 고찰하고자 하였다. 기둥 및 벽체를 모사한 1200×800×800㎜ 목업 시험체를 호칭강도 및 5~13㎜ 순환골재 치환율별로 7개 제작하였고, 24, 27 및 40㎫ 급 호칭강도의 콘크리트에 5~13㎜ 순환골재 30%와 70%(24㎫만 해당)를 치환한 배합과 무치환배합을 선정하여 제조하였다. 실험항목으로 굳지않은 상태에서 슬럼프, 슬럼프플로, 블리딩을 측정하였고, 경화상태에서는 압축강도, 반발도, 코어강도 및 건조수축 길이변화율을 측정하였다. 연구결과 5~13㎜ 순환골재가 30% 치환된 경우 슬럼프, 슬럼프플로, 블리딩량은 플레인에 비해 향상되는 것으로 나타났고, 압축강도의 경우도 최밀 충전 효과에 기인하여 플레인보다 상승되는 것으로 나타났다. 목업 시험체의 높이별 반발도의 경우도 5~13㎜ 순환골재가 30%치환된 경우 상하간의 반발도차이가 감소되는 것을 알 수 있었다. The objective of this paper is to investigate experimentally the effect of replacement of recycled coarse aggregates with 5~13㎜ in size on a field applicability of concretes through Mock-up test. Seven different mock-up specimens were prepared with the size of 1200×800×800㎜ simulating column and wall. For the concrete mixtures, 24㎫, 27㎫ and 40㎫ of nominal strength were adopted with 30% and 70%(only for 24㎫) of 5~13㎜ recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement and without 5~13㎜ RCA(Plain). For test items, slump, slump flow, compressive strength with different curing conditions, core drilling, rebound numbers and drying shrinkage were measured. Test results indicated that 30% of 5~13 ㎜ RCA replacement resulted in increase in slump, slump flow and resistance against segregation, while air contents decreased compared to those of plain mixture. Compressive strength of concrete with 30% of 5~13㎜ RCA was shown to be higher than that of plain mixture due to optimum packing effect associated with presence of well graded aggregates. Rebound number of the mock-up specimen with 30% of 5~13㎜ RCA had lower fluctuation according to hitting location than that of plain mock-up specimen. It is believed from the results of the study that replacement of 30% of 5~13㎜ RCA brings desirable improvement in various aspect of concrete performance due to associated dense packing effect.

한국 언론과 5.18 광주민주화운동 담론

허윤철(Yun-Cheol Heo),강승화(Seung-Hwa Kang),박효주(Hyo-Ju Park),채백(Chae Baek) 한국언론정보학회 2012 한국언론정보학보 Vol.58 No.2

지난 30년간 한국의 정치 변동 과정에서 5.18 담론은 가장 논쟁적인 이슈 중 하나였다. 이 연구의 목적은 한국의 대표적 신문 중의 하나인 「동아일보」를 대상으로 그 지면에 나타난 5.18 담론의 주요 특징과 변화 양상을 살피고, 한국의 정치ㆍ사회적 맥락과는 어떠한 연관을 맺고 있는지를 밝히는 것이다. 구체적으로 이 연구에서는 「동아일보」 지면에 나타난 5.18 관련 용어에 대한 분석과 사설 보도에 대한 질적 담론 분석을 통해서 1980년부터 2008년까지 「동아일보」가 구성하고 있는 5.18 담론을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 「동아일보」에서 5.18을 지칭하는 용어는 초기 지배적 용어로 광주사태가 사용되다가 1983년 유화국면 이후 광주민중항쟁, 광주학살, 광주항쟁, 광주의거와 같은 대항담론의 용어들이 차례로 등장하고, 1989년 이후 광주민주화운동이 지배적 용어로 자리를 잡게 되는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고, 「동아일보」 사설의 5.18 담론은 비극적 사태 담론, 진상규명 담론, 명예 회복 담론, 역사 심판 담론, 적극적 처벌 담론, 정치담론화의 순으로 전개가 된 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 「동아일보」의 5.18 담론 변화는 한국사회의 사회ㆍ정치적 변동과 밀접한 관련을 맺고 있는 것으로 분석되었으며, 「동아일보」 스스로 5.18 담론의 변화를 주도하기보다는 지배담론의 변화가 발생한 후 이를 반영하며 새로운 지배담론을 공식화하는 역할을 하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. The purpose of this study is to examine how the Dong-A Ilbo, a prevailing newspaper in Korea, has constructed 5.18 discourse. In the last thirty years or so in Korea, ‘5.18(the Gwangju Democratization Movement)’, in both academic and social realm, has been one of the most disputed issues in the process of political change. However, little attention has been given to this topic in the field of communication study. Thus, we attempted to illuminate the construction of 5.18 dicourse by using terms analysis and discourse analysis of editorials during the period of May 18, 1980-December 31, 2010. From the study, it is found that the use of terms has changed from ‘crisis’ through ‘resistance’, ‘slaughter’, ‘revolt’ to ‘democratization movement’ in the Dong-A Ilbo. And it is also found that 5.18 discourse has been developed in the order of ‘tragic incident discourse’, ‘truth investigation discourse’, ‘rehabilitation discourse’, ‘deferment discourse’, ‘punishment discourse’, ‘political strife discourse’ in the editorials of the Dong-A Ilbo. These shifts of terms and discourse have been mostly led by socio-political changes. Based on the research results, the central characteristics of 5.18 discourse of the Korean mainstream press were elaborated and the implications of the results were discussed.

흰쥐 생체시료 중 5-플루오로우라실 및 테가푸르의 안정성

장지현,박종국,강진형,정석재,심창구,구효정 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.3

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antimetabolite anticancer agent active against many types of solid tumors. Tegafur (TF), a prodrug of 5-FU, is frequently used in combination with uracil as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitory fluoropyrimidine. We studied the stability of 5-FU and TF in biological fluids of rats and determined their bioavailability (BA) and excretion into bile, and urine. The drug concentrations were analyzed by an HPLC method. At room temperature, there was a 14-30% decrease in the concentration of 5-FU and TF in bile, urine, and plasma specimen at 10 and 100 μg/ml over 240 min. No significant difference was noted among the sample types or between two different concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/ml. The decrease in drug concentration was significantly less in samples kept on ice (6-12%) for both drugs. These data indicate that biological fluid samples containing 5-FU or TF in plasma, urine, or bile should be placed on ice during the sample collection. Following these storage guidelines, samples were collected after administration 50 ㎎/㎏ of each drug via i.v. or oral route. BA was 1.5 folds greater for TF (60%) than that of 5-FU (42%). Approximately 0.52 and 3.3% of the i.v. doses of 5-FU and TF was excreted into bile, respectively. Renal clearance of 5-FU was about 16% of its total body clearance. These results suggest that instability of 5-FU and TF in biological fluids should be considered in pharmacokinetic or pharmacogenomic studies.

논문 : 백제(百濟) 멸망기(滅亡期) 방령(方領)의 성격(性格)과 왕성(王姓)의 분지화(分枝化)

지원구 ( Won Ku Ji ) 백제학회 2010 백제학보 Vol.0 No.4

지방통치체제에서 지방관은 중앙과 지방을 연결하는 매개체 역할로서 중요성이 높지만, 아직까지 구체적인 분석이 없어 이러한 분석은 지방통치체제를 이해하는데 있어서 중요한 방법론으로 생각된다. 따라서 이 글에서는 멸망기를 중심으로 백제 5方體制의 정점에 있는 方領의 사례 분석을 실시한 후 그들의 출자와 성격을 분석하였다. 그 결과 방령으로 계백, 복신, 여자진, 윤충, 예식을 확인할 수 있었는데, 이들 중 출자를 알 수 있는 인물 모두가 王族 혹은 宗族이라는 특성을 확인하였다. 이렇게 왕족 혹은 종족을 이용한 5방체제의 특징은 前代의 지방통치체제인 왕·후제 담로제와 연결되고 있어 그 기원이 오래되었다. 이는 직접지배가 초현되는 단계에서 왕족과 혈연적인 관계에 있는 인물들을 지방관으로 활용하였던 것이다. 다만 5방체제에서는 王姓에서 분지된 종족들이 파견되고 있어 혈연적 요소가 퇴색해 가고 있지만, 여전히 혈연적 관계가 중요한 요소로서 작용하고 있다는 점은 동일하다. 즉, 5방체제 단계에서도 왕족 및 종족을 활용한 방식이 유존되고 있었다. 결국 이렇게 혈연적 관계를 바탕으로 하는 지방관 운용 방식은 백제 지방통치체제의 하나의 특징으로 지적할 수 있다. 나아가 백제 말기에 빈번하게 나타나고 있는 王姓의 分枝化 현상도 백제의 지방통치체제에서 기인한 것으로 판단하였다. 즉, 왕족들이 지방관으로 파견되면서 그 지역에 정착하고, 대대로 지방관을 역임하고 있었기 때문에 그러한 현상이 나타난 것으로 파악된다. 직계의 왕실에서 방계화된 집단들이 각각 지방관으로 파견되었으며, 이것이 고착화되면서 王姓에서 분지되어 새로운 異姓을 사용하게 되었던 것이다. 이러한 시점은 왕·후제 단계부터 이지만, 5방체제에서도 왕성의 분지화 현상은 여전히 나타나고 있었다. In the meantime the research of the Baekje local government system has been made from centering around an institutional history. The governor in the local government system has a great importance as a mediator to connect the central and regional, yet on account of doing not have detailed analysis, this analysis is thought as an important methodology to understand the local government system. Therefore this article is conducted the case analysis about the Bangryeong(方領) in apex of 5 Bang System(5方體制) centering around the falling period of the Baekje and then is extracted the common phenomenon from analyzing their origin(出自) and characteristics. As a result, it is identified that the majority of people being sent to Bangryeong has characteristics of the royal family or the tribe(-like Buyeo Family name(扶餘氏). So the feature of 5 Bang System(5方體制) using the royal family or the tribe is connected the Wanghu System(王候制) and the Damro System(擔魯制), it is the local government system of the previous generation. Even though the royal family were dispatched in the Wanghu System(王候制) and the Damro System(擔魯制) and were sent the branched out tribes from the royal family name in the 5 Bang System(5方體制), in a case of the latter it can be indicated that the blood relationship element was faded, but also it can be the same that the relationship of family ties still is affected as an important element. Therefore the governor officials management based on the relationship of family ties can be pointed out the characteristic of the Baekje local government system. Meanwhile the purpose that is made the governing style dispatching the royal family or the tribe to the governor of the 5 Bang System(5方體制) is the reason not only strengthen the king`s dominion about local but has a greater purpose in the military control about the provinces. It is clear that geographic location being build 5 Bang Castle(fortress) and Bangryeong`s(方領) activities are limited in the field of military terms. Futhermore at the end of Baekje, the branched out phenomenon of royal family name appeared frequently and it is considered causing by the Baekje local government system. In other words, the royal family dispatched to the governor and settled in the area, as they served the governor for generations, such a phenomenon (the branched out phenomenon of royal family) appeared. Each collateral groups in the class of royal position dispatched to the governor, as time goes by that became stuck. They (each collateral groups) branched out the royal family name and used the new different family name.

제바달다의 5法 고찰Ⅰ - 5법 중 ‘衣’와 ‘住’의 항목을 중심으로 -

염중섭 한국불교학회 2008 韓國佛敎學 Vol.50 No.-

제바달다의 파승가는 파법륜승이 붓다 재세시 밖에는 일어 날 수 없는 사건이라는 점을 고려해 볼 때 불교사상 유일한 파승가라고 할 수 있는 중요한 사건이다. 율장 類의 전적들은 이러한 파승가의 핵심으로 5법의 내용을 기술하고 있으며, 이것을 주된 문제로 파악하고 있다.율장관련 전적들이 파승가의 핵심을 5법으로 기록하고 있다는 것은 5법이 충분한 검토 의의를 확보할 수 있는 부분이라고 하겠다. 그러나 5법에 관한 현존 자료들은 파승가를 전하는 전적들에 그 항목만이 단편적으로 밖에 드러나지 않고 있어 그 의미 파악에 있어서 어려움이 존재하고 있다.본고에서는 5법에 대한 종합적 접근의 일환으로써 먼저 5법의 등장전적과 출입관계를 고찰한 후, 그 항목적 타당성을 정리하여 5법에 관한 명확성을 확보해 보고자 하였다. 이를 통해서 우리는 5법의 항목적 출입의 정리와 아울러서 그것이 붓다와 어떠한 관점적 대립각을 형성하고 있는지에 관해서 파악해 볼 수가 있게 된다. 그리고 이를 바탕으로 제바달다 파승가의 내포의의와 붓다 재세시의 교단적 상황에 대해서도 보다 폭넓은 입각점을 확보하게 된다. Considering that the cakrabheda must occur during the lifetime of Buddha, Saṅgha-bheda of Devadatta is the only Saṅgha-bheda in the Buddhist history and is important in that meaning. Documents related to the Vinaya Piṭaka describe 5 methods as the essence of this Saṅgha-bheda, reckoning them the main problem. As the documents related to the Vinaya Piṭaka describe 5 methods as the essence of Saṅgha-bheda, it is meaningful enough to examine the 5 methods. But the present data on the 5 methods are remained only partially in the traditions of Vinaya Piṭaka. So, there is a difficulty in comprehending their meanings. In this study, as a way of comprehensive approach to the 5 methods, we will first consider the occurring cases of this 5 methods and their contexts, and then check the validity for each item to establish the clear identity of 5 methods. Through this, we will come to understand the occurring contexts of 5 methods for each item and to find out in what concepts they came to be at odds with Buddha. Moreover, we will get a broader view point on the implication in Saṅgha-bheda of Devadatta and the situation of Buddhism during the lifetime of Buddha.

Enhancement of GluN2B Subunit-Containing NMDA Receptor Underlies Serotonergic Regulation of Long-Term Potentiation after Critical Period in the Rat Visual Cortex

Kayoung Joo,Duck-Joo Rhie,Hyun-Jong Jang 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.6

Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] regulates synaptic plasticity in the visual cortex. Although the effects of 5-HT on plasticity showed huge diversity depending on the ages of animals and species, it has been unclear how 5-HT can show such diverse effects. In the rat visual cortex, 5-HT suppressed long-term potentiation (LTP) at 5 weeks but enhanced LTP at 8 weeks. We speculated that this difference may originate from differential regulation of neurotransmission by 5-HT between the age groups. Thus, we investigated the effects of 5-HT on apha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-, γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABA_AR)-, and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR)-mediated neurotransmissions and their involvement in the differential regulation of plasticity between 5 and 8 weeks. AMPAR-mediated currents were not affected by 5-HT at both 5 and 8 weeks. GABA_AR-mediated currents were enhanced by 5-HT at both age groups. However, 5-HT enhanced NMDAR-mediated currents only at 8 weeks. The enhancement of NMDAR-mediated currents appeared to be mediated by the enhanced function of GluN2B subunit-containing NMDAR. The enhanced GABA_AR- and NMDAR-mediated neurotransmissions were responsible for the suppression of LTP at 5 weeks and the facilitation of LTP at 8 weeks, respectively. These results indicate that the effects of 5-HT on neurotransmission change with development, and the changes may underlie the differential regulation of synaptic plasticity between different age groups. Thus, the developmental changes in 5-HT function should be carefully considered while investigating the 5-HT-mediated metaplastic control of the cortical network.