입다의 서원과 하나님의 침묵

안근조(Keun Jo Ahn) 연세대학교 신과대학(연합신학대학원) 2016 신학논단 Vol.83 No.-

For both Christians and non-Christians, one of the most problematic stories in the Bible would be the story of Jephthah’s daughter in Judges, a report of human sacrifice. This is the text (Judges 10:17-11:40) this paper deals with through rhetorical criticism. Initial questions are raised as follows: Why does Jephthah perform such a rash and harsh vow?, How could a father offer his daughter as a sacrifice?, What kind of God would accept such a human offering?, How horrible and tragic it was for the daughter of Jephthah?, How can we reconcile with this miserable text? These questions have been explored by narrative criticism in which the development of each narrative is carefully investigated focusing on some obstacles and differences found in crucial points of the text. Also, the characteristics of characters of the story are discussed regarding Jephthah, his daughter, and God. Through rhetorical critical tools of interpretation, we have found the most essential motif of the whole narrative of Jephthah is ambiguities. The hebrew narrator does not intentionally give explicit reports in each incident. However, we have discovered that those ambiguities are clues from which a new light is given in the interpretation of the problematic text. This paper has concluded theologically that God has been with Jephthah all the way of the whole narrative even though Jephthah could not perceive it due to his adherence to tangible proof of God’s presence. Rhetorical critical methods along with complementary methods of historical criticism have brought the terrible and ambiguous story of Jephthah into the courageous and atoning salvation story of Jephthah’s daughter. For both Christians and non-Christians, one of the most problematic stories in the Bible would be the story of Jephthah’s daughter in Judges, a report of human sacrifice. This is the text (Judges 10:17-11:40) this paper deals with through rhetorical criticism. Initial questions are raised as follows: Why does Jephthah perform such a rash and harsh vow?, How could a father offer his daughter as a sacrifice?, What kind of God would accept such a human offering?, How horrible and tragic it was for the daughter of Jephthah?, How can we reconcile with this miserable text? These questions have been explored by narrative criticism in which the development of each narrative is carefully investigated focusing on some obstacles and differences found in crucial points of the text. Also, the characteristics of characters of the story are discussed regarding Jephthah, his daughter, and God. Through rhetorical critical tools of interpretation, we have found the most essential motif of the whole narrative of Jephthah is ambiguities. The hebrew narrator does not intentionally give explicit reports in each incident. However, we have discovered that those ambiguities are clues from which a new light is given in the interpretation of the problematic text. This paper has concluded theologically that God has been with Jephthah all the way of the whole narrative even though Jephthah could not perceive it due to his adherence to tangible proof of God’s presence. Rhetorical critical methods along with complementary methods of historical criticism have brought the terrible and ambiguous story of Jephthah into the courageous and atoning salvation story of Jephthah’s daughter.

카카오 이모티콘의 표현 유형에 따른 연령별 소비자 호감도 비교 연구

이희주 한국일러스아트학회 2021 조형미디어학 Vol.24 No.2

As the research subject, the preference factors of popular emoticons with people in their 10s-40s were comparatively analyzed. In the results of this study, the teenagers preferred animal-shape and abstract substitute-shape emoticons in simple line-drawing style. Regarding the types of sentiment words led to purchase, a bit of cynical words were highly popular, so the playfulness and aesthetics were analyzed as preference factors. At the age in 20s, the emoticons containing images like‘love’,‘affection’, and‘good feeling’ were mostly preferred. Regarding the types of sentiment words, they preferred dialogic words that would be a lot used between lovers in daily life, so the usefulness and aesthetics were analyzed as preference factors. In their 30s, playfulness, such as emoticons with excessive expressions, was analyzed as a factor of preference. They preferred humorous sentiment words and wittily-expressed words mostly used at work. Lastly, in the common characteristics of popular emoticons with people in their 40s, the character-type emoticons were the most popular. They also preferred gentle, but cute emoticons containing all sorts of greetings, so the familiarity and aesthetics were analyzed as preference factors. The objective of this study is to analyze the preference factors of emoticons shown differently in each age group by comparing them in two aspects such as preferred types according to each age group and emotional vocabulary used for popular emoticons. As objective analysis data of emoticons in each age group, the significance of this study is to provide academic data for seeking new expression methods of emoticons in the future. 본 연구는 이모티콘의 연령에 따른 유형별 호감 요인과 각 연령별 인기 이모티콘에 사용된 호감어휘를 비교하여 10-40대 인기 이모티콘을 비교 분석해 보았다. 연구결과 10대는 동물형과 간단한 라인 드로잉 스타일의 추상적 대리물 형태의 이모티콘을 선호하였으며, 구매로 이어진 감성어휘 유형은 다소 냉소적인 어휘들이 인기 상위권을 이루는 것으로 유희성과 심미성이 호감요인으로 분석되었다. 20대는‘연애와 사랑’이 가장 활성화 된 시기이기 때문에 같은 표현이라도 '사랑' '애정' '호감' 등의 이미지가 담긴 이모티콘이 주를 이루었다. 감성어휘 역시 일상적으로 연인사이 사용이 많이 되는 대화체의 어휘들을 선호하는 것으로 유용성, 심미성 요인이 호감요인으로 분석되었다. 30대는 표정이 다소 과하게 표현된 살아 있는 이모티콘등 유희성 요인이 호감을 주는 주된 역할을 하는것으로 분석 되었다. 직장 생활에서 주로 쓰는 어휘들을 재치있게 표현한 어휘들과 유머 있는 감성 어휘들을 선호 하였다. 마지막으로 40대는 인물형 이모티콘이 가장 많은 인기 순위에 진입해 있었으며 가볍지 않으면서 귀엽고, 각종 인사말이 담긴 이모티콘을 선호하는 것으로 친근성, 심미성의 요인이 분석 되었다. 본 연구는 각 연령에 따른 유형별 호감 형태와 인기 이모티콘에 사용된 호감어휘 두가지 측면에서 비교하여 연령별로 서로 다르게 나타나는 이모티콘의 호감요인을 분석 하는것에 목적을 둔다. 이것은 이모티콘을 각 연령별로 구분하여 분석해 본 객관적 자료로서 향후 이모티콘의 새로운 표현방법을 모색하는 학술자료 제공에 의의를 둔다.

2-Dimensional Holographic Grating Formation in Chalcogenide Thin Films

Jung-Tae Lee,정홍배,Choel-Ho Yeo 한국전기전자재료학회 2004 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.5 No.1

Amorphous chalcogenide thin films, especially a-(Se, S) based films, exhibit a number of photo-induced phenomena. In this study, we make the As40Ge10Se15S35/Ag thin film and then we measure the holographic diffraction efficiency according to thickness of Ag. And we form the two-dimensional holographic grating. At first, we formed one-dimensional grating and then we form two-dimensional grating by rotate the sample. We found out the most suitable thickness of Ag and in case of As40Ge10Se15S35/Ag(600Å), the diffraction efficiency was more higher than other samples. The holographic grating was formed by He-Ne laser(λ=632.8nm). The intensity of incident beam was 2.5mW and incident angle was 20°. We confirm the two-dimensional holographic grating by the pattern of diffracted beam and AFM(Atomic Force Microscope) image. We perform the etching process using by 0.26N NaOH in order to confirm clearly two-dimensional grating.

Ag/AsGeSeS 다층박막의 광유기 이방성(PA) 특성

여철호,나선웅,신경,박정일,정홍배,Yeo, Cheol-Ho,Na, Su-Woong,Shin, Kyung,Park, Jeong-Il,Chung, Hong-Bay 한국전기전자재료학회 2003 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.16 No.2

The chalcogenide glasses of thin films have the superior property of photoinduced anisotrophy(PA). In this study, we observed the linear dichroism using the irradiation with Polarized He-Ne laser light in the Ag/As$_{40}$ Ge$_{10}$Se$_{15}$ S$_{35}$ multi-layer. Multilayer structures were formed by alternating metal(Ag) and chalcogenide(As$_{40}$ Ge$_{10}$Se$_{15}$ S$_{35}$) thin film. The Ag Polarized photodoping result in reducing the time of saturation anisotropy and increasing the sensitivity of linearly anisotropy intensity As the results, the Ag polarized photodoping will be have a capability of new method that suggests more improvement of photoinduced anisotropy property in the thin films of chalcogenide.ogenide.ide.

2-Dimensional Holographic Grating Formation in Chalcogenide Thin Films

Lee, Jung-Tae,Yeo, Choel-Ho,Chung, Hong-Bay The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2004 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.5 No.1

Amorphous chalcogenide thin films, especially a-(Se, S) based films, exhibit a number of photo-induced phenomena. In this study, we make the As$\_$40/Ge$\_$10/Se$\_$15/S$\_$35//Ag thin film and then we measure the holographic diffraction efficiency according to thickness of Ag. And we form the two-dimensional holographic grating. At first, we formed one-dimensional grating and then we form two-dimensional grating by rotate the sample. We found out the most suitable thickness of Ag and in case of As$\_$40/Ge$\_$10/Se$\_$15/S$\_$35//Ag(600${\AA}$), the diffraction efficiency was more higher than other samples. The holographic grating was formed by He-Ne laser(λ=632.8nm). The intensity of incident beam was 2.5mW and incident angle was 20$^{\circ}$. We confirm. the two-dimensional holographic grating by the pattern of diffracted beam and AFM(Atomic Force Microscope) image. We perform the etching process using by 0.26N NaOH in order to confirm clearly two-dimensional grating.

Quotation of Isaiah 6:9-10 in Matthew 13:14-15

정창욱 (재)대한성서공회 성경원문연구소 2010 성경원문연구 Vol.- No.26

마태는 마태복음 13:14-15에서 이사야 6:9-10을 인용하면서, 바로 앞 구절인 13절에서 이사야의 두 구절의 내용을 압축하여 소개한다. 14-15절에 이사야서를 인용하기 위해 성취 인용 형식(fulfillment introductory formula)이 14절에 사용된 까닭에 이것은 소위 말하는 ‘성취 인용’이다. 그런데 이 부분은 마태복음의 다른 곳에서 사용된 성취 인용 방식과는 다른 특징을 드러낸다. 첫째, 목적을 나타내는 접속사 ἵνα가 13절과 14-15절 두 곳에서 모두 생략되었다. 둘째, 14절에서 성취 인용을 소개하는 형식에 사용된 단어들은 마태복음의 다른 성취 인용의 경우에 결코 사용된 적이 없다. 셋째, 14-15절에 인용된 내용은 실질적으로는 13절의 내용의 반복인데 이런 방식은 마태복음의 다른 곳에서는 나타나지 않는다. 또한 14-15절은 논리의 흐름을 어색하게 만든다. 넷째, 14-15절에 인용된 내용은 예수님이 직접 언급하는 형식을 취하는데 이 같은 방식은 마태복음의 성취인용 중에서 오직 여기에만 등장한다. 다섯째, 인용된 본문은 마소라 본문에 의존하는 마태복음의 다른 성취인용들과는 달리 칠십인역에 의존하고 있다. 마태는 이 부분에서 왜 이렇게 자신의 방식과는 다르게 구약을 인용한 것일까? 많은 학자들은 마태가 다른 복음서 저자들과는 달리 인간의 책임을 강조하는 경향이 있는 까닭에 이 부분에서도 하나님의 말씀을 듣기를 거절하는 인간의 책임을 강조하기 위해서 독특한 방식을 사용한다고 주장한다. 다시 말해 예정론적 주제나 어조를 경감시키거나 없애려 한다는 것이다. 하지만 원문에 대한 주의 깊은 연구는 마태가 하나님의 말씀을 받아들이지 못하도록 인간의 마음을 굳어지게 함에 있어 하나님이 갖는 예정론적 주도권을 주도면밀하게 표현해 준다는 사실을 밝혀준다. 마태복음 원문에 등장하는 주요 헬라어 단어와 문법 사항들에 대한 연구와 인용되고 있는 이사야 6:9-10의 문맥에 대한 연구는 이와 같은 주장의 개연성을 높여준다.