Falciform ligament(간겸상인대)에서 관찰되는 프리모 조직의 조직학적 특성 연구

연선희,권오상,이새봄,조성진,최광호,이상훈,최선미,류연희 한국한의학연구원 2012 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.18 No.2

Objectives : Primo vascular system is known to new circulatory system and suggested as a anatomical structure of meridian system. Primo-vessels are present throughout the whole body. The purpose of this study is to identify primo tissues taken from falciform ligament and to compare with organ surface primo tissue, blood vessel and lymph vessel. Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8weeks old, 250~320g) used for this study. The medial line of the abdomen was dissected and searched for primo tissues in falciform ligament and on the internal organs using stereomicroscope. We performed serial cross section and histological investigations. The tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome. Results : 1. The primo tissues attached on the falciform ligament had white color and length of 5~8mm. 2. We could observe primo tissues are classified with ligament tissues. 3. Histogogically, primo tissue on falciform ligament and organ surface primo tissue could be considered same tissue. Conclusions : In this study, we observed primo tissue discovered on the falciform ligament. And we also histologically compared such discovered primo tissue with organ surface primo tissue. Consequently, we could consider that two tissues have histological similarity and possibility of connection in one network system.

보래봉 일대의 관속식물상

김지은,김영수,이정심,장주은,정현진,김알렉세이,한상국,길희영 한국자원식물학회 2024 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.37 No.1

적 요식물상 연구는 종 다양성 현황을 파악할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라증거표본을 바탕으로 변화를 평가 및 예측하고 한반도의 기후환경 및 생물다양성을 기록할 수 있다. 보래봉은 보존 가치가 있는 식물자원을 보유하나 등산로와 임도를 통한 인위적인 간섭이 우려되는 지역이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 증거표본 및 사진자료에 기초하여 보래봉 일대의 관속식물을 보고하고, 보래봉의 생물다양성 보존을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다. 또한 선행연구와 비교를 통해 추가적인 침입 외래식물 유입 방지에 활용하고자 한다. 2022년 4월부터 11월까지 총 11회에 걸쳐 현지조사를 조사한 결과, 87과 269속 401종 13아종 35변종 6품종으로 총 455분류군이 조사되었다. 또한, 적색목록은 총 4분류군(EN 2분류군, NT 2분류군), 한반도 특산식물은 18분류군, 식물구계학적 특정식물은 102분류군(V 등급 1분류군, IV 등급 16분류군, III 등급 31분류군, II 등급 31분류군, I등급 23분류군)이나타났다. 게다가 보래봉에서 외래식물 17분류군, 생태계교란식물 2분류군, 자원식물은 439분류군이 확인되었다. 선행 연구와의 비교 결과, 38과 76속 86종 1아종 8변종 3품종 총 98분류군이 처음으로 확인되었다. Abstract - Floristic study can help to understand the current status of species diversity, evaluate and predict distribution changes of plants based on the specimens, and record the climate environment and biodiversity of the Korean Peninsula. Boraebong is an area that has plant resources of conservation value, but there is concern about artificial interference through trail and forest road. Therefore, this study aims to report the vascular plants of Boraebong based on voucher specimens and photos and to use them as baseline data to conserve biodiversity of Boraebong. Also, it will be useful to prevent additional influx of invasive species through comparison with previous studies. The investigation was carried out 11 times from April to September in 2022 and confirmed a total of 455 taxa including 87 families, 269 genera, 401 species, 13 subspecies, 35 varieties, 6 forms. In addition, we confirmed the 4 taxa of red list plants (EN 2 taxa, NT 2 taxa), 18 taxa of Korean endemic plants, and 102 taxa of floristic target species (V degree 1 taxon, IV degree 16 taxa, III degree 31 taxa, II degree 31 taxa, I degree 23 taxa). Furthermore, alien plants 17 taxa, invasive species 2 taxa, useful plants 439 taxa were confirmed in Boraebong. As the results of comparison with previous studies, 98 total taxa including 38 families, 76 genera, 86 species, 1 subspecies, 8 varieties, 3 forms were newly identified in this study

Blood-Brain Barrier Experiments with Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging and an Immunohistochemical Study

Park, Jun-Woo,Kim, Hak-Jin,Song, Geun-Sung,Han, Hyung-Soo The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2010 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.47 No.3

Objective : The purpose of study was to evaluate the feasibility of brain magnetic resonance (MR) images of the rat obtained using a 1.5T MR machine in several blood-brain barrier (BBB) experiments. Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. MR images were obtained using a clinical 1.5T MR machine. A microcatheter was introduced via the femoral artery to the carotid artery. Normal saline (group 1, n = 4), clotted autologous blood (group 2, n = 4), triolein emulsion (group 3, n = 4), and oleic acid emulsion (group 4, n = 4) were infused into the carotid artery through a microcatheter. Conventional and diffusion-weighted images, the apparent coefficient map, perfusion-weighted images, and contrast-enhanced MR images were obtained. Brain tissue was obtained and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was performed in group 2. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran images and endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) studies were performed in group 4. Results : The MR images in group 1 were of good quality. The MR images in group 2 revealed typical findings of acute cerebral infarction. Perfusion defects were noted on the perfusion-weighted images. The MR images in group 3 showed vasogenic edema and contrast enhancement, representing vascular damage. The rats in group 4 had vasogenic edema on the MR images and leakage of dextran on the FITC-labeled dextran image, representing increased vascular permeability. The immune reaction was decreased on the EBA study. Conclusion : Clinical 1.5T MR images using a rat depicted many informative results in the present study. These results can be used in further researches of the BBB using combined clinical MR machines and immunohistochemical examinations.

혈관성 치매 치료 약물에 대한 문헌 고찰 연구 : 외국문헌을 중심으로

이영준,한창현,전원경,백경민,전우현,최성훈,Lee, Young-Joon,Han, Chang-Hyun,Jeon, Won-Kyung,Baek, Kyung-Min,Cheon, Woo-Hyun,Choi, Seong-Hun 대한예방한의학회 2011 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

The average human life span has increased due to the development of modern medicine and science, resulting in prolonged life expectancy and increase in the population counts of the geriatric age group. In particular, a dramatic increase of elderly patients suffering from senile disorders including neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease(AD), and vascular dementia has become a serious social problem in public health. Thus, this study is aimed to summarize available clinical trial data on several commonly used medicines include donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, memantine and oriental medicine, and examine the effect of oriental medicine combined with western medicine in the treatment of patients with senile disorders using the data from literature reviews and survey studies.

실험적 뇌경색의 혈관투과성 변화에 대한 미세 구조적 연구

박인호,조진호,정상우,정신,김재휴,김수한,강삼석,이제혁 대한신경외과학회 1994 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.23 No.11

Diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of human brain infarcts are largely dependent on imaging techniques such as computed axial tomography and magnetic resonance imaging Yet, the radiological findings, especially contrast enhancement(CE), are not well correlated with the histopathological findings of the infarcts. By imaging techniques, CE is observed along the cortical margin of the infarcts, delayed in time after the initial attack Explanation of the CE in terms of histopathological changes is the purpose of this study. Brain infarction was evoked by injection of homologous blood clots into the right common carotid artery of the rats. Three weeks after the injection, infarcts were examined light and electron microscopically. To confirm the possible increased permeability of vessels, horseradish peroxidase was injected intravenously before sacrifice of some rats. Unaffected brain tissue contralateral to the infarcts was examined for control. The results were as follows. Capillaries of the normal brain showed endothelial cells connected with tight junctions and approximated intimately to basement membrane on which cytoplasmic processes of the astrocytes mt Pinocytotic vesicles in the endothelial cells were rarely observed Horseradish peroxidase was confined almost to the capillary lumens. In contrast, regenerated capillaries in the infarcts showed endothelial cells with thin cytoplasmic processes protruded into the lumens and many pinmytotic vesicles. Tight junctions and basement membrane were well formed, but astrocytes were not observed Horseradish peroxidase was noted in the pinocytotic vesicles and around the capillaries. The regenerated capillaries were noted almost exclusively along the cortical margin of the infarcts. From the above results, CE of human brain infarcts along the cortical margin may be explained by the permeable capillaries regenerated at the cortical periphery of the infarcts.

반측안면경련 환자에서의 자기공명영상 및 자기공명혈관조영술

원종윤,김동익,김희진,서정호,전평,김희수,유영훈,나재범,정상섭,장진우,Won, Jong-Yoon,Kim, Dong-Ik,Kim, Hee-Jin,Suh, Jung-Ho,Jun, Pyung,Kim, Hee-Soo,You, Young-Hoon,Na, Jae-Bum,Chung, Sang-Sup,Chang, Jin-Woo 대한영상의학회 1995 대한영상의학회지 Vol.33 No.5

Purpose : To determine the usefulness of MR imaging and MR angiography (MRA) in the evaluation of patientswith hemifacial spasm. Material and Methods : One hundred and twenty-five patients with hemifacial spasm wereincluded in this study. Axial T1-, T2-weighted images, proton density image (3mm thickness, 256x192) and 3-D TOFMRA were performed. Relation between facial nerve and adjacent arterial structures was carefully evaluated, whichwas correlated with surgical findings. Results : MRA identified the presence of offending vessels at the root exitzone of facial nerve and its origin in 117 patients(52 PICA, 50 AICA, 6 vertebral artery, 9 dual vessels). Therewere 4 false negatives and 4 false positives. Vascular groove at the root exit zone was identified in 52 cases,but there was no positive correlation between severity and duration of symptoms. The presence of ipsilateral orcontralateral distal loop formation of vertebral artery were noted in 63 patients. In addition, 4 cases ofneoplastic and vascular lesions were also demonstrated on MR imaging. Conclusion : Combination of MR imaging andMRA is an useful screening modality in the presurgical evaluation of hemifacial spasm, which can demonstrate theoffending vessels as well as other pathologic lesions.

기능부전 혈액투석동정맥루의 조영 증강 자기공명 혈관조영술: 예비 연구

이영선,진공용,한영민,이상용,박학훈,박성광 대한영상의학회 2004 대한영상의학회지 Vol.51 No.6

Purpose: The purpose of this report is to evaluate the vascular stenosis for failing hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts using contrast-enhanced MR imaging (CEMRI) and to compare the results with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Materials and Methods: Nine patients (27 segmental vessels) with symptoms and signs of AVF stenosis or occlusion who presented to our medical department were recruited into this prospective comparative study. All of the patients with Brescia-Cimino arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or synthetic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, GoretexⓇ) loop graft underwent MRA and DSA of the fistula. MRA was performed with a 1.5-T system using VIBE sequence: TR/TE=3.5/1.5 msec, flip angle 20-25°, matrix 115×256, FOV 350×350, interpolated slice thickness 2.0 mm, fat suppression, scan time 13-18 sec and total time of 5 min. DSA was used as the reference standard for assessing the accuracy of MRA, and MRA was analyzed for the presence of stenosis or occlusion, a grading of stenosis, and the presence of collateral vessels. Two radiologists prospectively analyzed the MRAs by working in consensus. Results: Regarding the stenotic grade, CE-MRA corresponded with the DSA in six patients (66.7%) and it overestimated the stenoses in three patients (33.3%). For the stenotic site, MRA had a sensitivity of 86.4%, a specificity of 40%, a positive predictive value of 32.1%, and a negative predictive value of 66.7%. Conclusion: Multiphase CE-MRA of the AVF noninvasively provided information comparable to that provided by DSA for the vascular stenosis regarding failing hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula. 목적: 기능부전 혈액투석동정맥루의 협착을 평가하는 데 있어 디지털 감산 혈관조영술과 비교시 조영 증강 자기공명 혈 관조영술의 유용성을 알아 보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 기능부전 혈액투석동정맥루가 의심되는 환자 9명, 27개의 혈관을 대상으로 조영 증강 자기공명 혈관조영 술과 디지털 감산 혈관조영술을 시행하였다. 자가동정맥루는 5예였으며, 인조혈관동정맥루는 4예였고, 연령은 32-72 세(평균 53세)였다. 자기공명 혈관조영술 영상은 1.5 T의 자기공명영상장치에 위상배열 코일을 이용하였으며, VIBE 기법(TR/TE=3.5/1.5 msec, flip anlge 20-25°, matrix 115×256, FOV 350×350)으로 조영 전과 후의 영상을 영상 을 얻었다. DSA를 영상 분석에 있어서 기준으로 간주하였으며, 조영 증강 자기공명 혈관조영술상 혈관의 협착이나 폐 쇄의 유무, 협착의 위치(동맥, 동정맥루, 정맥), 정도(경도, 중등도, 고도)를 DSA에서의 소견을 기준으로 비교 평가하 였다. 결과: 기능부전 혈액투석동정맥루의 협착정도는 6명의 환자(66.7%)에서 조영 증강 자기공명 혈관조영술이 디지털 감 산 혈관조영술과 일치하였으며, 3명의 환자(33.3%)에서는 과대평가 되었다. 협착에 대한 조영 증강 자기공명 혈관조 영술의 민감도는 86.4%, 특이도는 40%, 양성 예측도는 32.1%, 음성예측도는 66.7%였다. 결론: 기능부전 혈액투석동정맥루의 협착된 혈관의 평가에 있어서 조영 증강 자기공명 혈관조영술은 비침습적으로 디 지털 감산 혈관조영술에 상응하는 정보를 제공할 수 있다.

자기공명위상영상법을 이용한 유체영상에서의 유속대별 영상특성

임태환 대한영상의학회 1996 대한영상의학회지 Vol.34 No.6

Purpose : To prepare a data base for semi-quantitative measurement of blood flow velocity on MR phase imagingtechnique by analyzing the characteristics of flow image according to the ranges of flow velocity. Materials and Methods : We obtained MR phase images of flow with velocity ranging from 0 to 70cm/sec. A straight flow tube with2.09cm internal diameter and a flow tube with 75% stenosis were used as flow phantoms for this study. MR imagings were performed on a 0.35 T MR imaging system. Results : At a velocity of 0-3cm/sec, the MR phase signal proceeded from an equivocal phase change to a homogeneous intraluminal signal intensity. Ata flow velocity of 3.1cm/sec,first phase wrap occurred, and there were two phase wraps up to 15cm/sec of flow velocity. In this velocity range, the MR phase image revealed an isocentric circular target appearance. At a velocity range of 15-30cm/sec, three to four phase wraps occurred, and the MR phase image showed a multiple target appearance. At a velocity above30cm/sec, the MR phase image showed an irregular unstructured appearance and above 50cm/sec, there were no flow signals and only noise-like signals were observed. The flow phantom of the stenosis model demonstrated the same phase image pattern as the high velocity flow in the stenotic and post-stenotic areas. In the pre-stenotic area, acharacteristic reversed laminar flow profile was observed. Conclusion : Flow velocity can be detected semiquantitatively as velocity ranges on MR phase imaging. The results of the experiment using a stenotic model suggest that MR phase imaging can be used as a modality for investigation of flow velocity and profiles.

모야모야병의 측부순환혈관 평가에 있어 자기공명영상 및 자기공명 혈관조영술과 혈관조영술의 비교

심주은 대한영상의학회 1998 대한영상의학회지 Vol.38 No.1

Purpose: To determine the value of magnetic resonance imaging(MR) and magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) inassessing collateral vessels of moyamoya disease. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients with moyamoyadisease who underwent MR, 3D TOF MRA, and conventional angiography participated in this study. Two radiologistsworking independently and with no knowledge of the angiographic findings, interpreted the MR and MRA images. Todetermine the presence of parenchymal and leptomeningeal collaterals(48 hemispheres) and transdural collaterals(38hemispheres in 19 patients were depicted by angiography of the external carotid), the findings were compared withthose of angiography. Results: Parenchymal, leptomeningeal, and transdural collaterals were depicted byconventional angiography in 34(71%), 32(67%), and 11(29%) hemispheres respectively. The sensitivity andspecificity of MR/MRA for collateral vessels were 79.1/ 88.1% for parenchymal collaterals, 72.1/ 88.1% forleptomeningeal collaterals, and 0.1/18.1% for transdural collaterals, respectively. Respective sensitivity andspecificity of MR/MRA were 88.94/94.1% for leptomeningeal collaterals, and 18.93/55.1% for transdural collaterals,when the prominent posterior cerebral and external carotid artery were regarded as secondary signs ofleptomeningeal and transdural collateral vessels. Conclusion: In moyamoya disease, MR and MRA are useful imagingmodalities for the assessment of collateral vessels. The prominent posterior cerebral artery and external carotidartery can be useful secondary signs of leptomeningeal and transdural collateral vessels.

혈행화 신경이식 후 신경재생에 대한 형태계측학적 연구

탁관철,안성준,김대용,이영호,Tark, Kwan-Chul,Ahn, Sung-Jun,Kim, Dae-Yong,Lee, Young-Ho 대한미세수술학회 1997 Archives of reconstructive microsurgery Vol.6 No.1

Adequate vascularization is pivotally essential for a successful nerve graft. Theoretically, the immediate vascularization will inhibit fibroblast infiltration and stimulate nerve cell regeneration. In this study, histomorphological and electrophysiological studies were performed to determine if vascularized grafts are functionally superior. In rat model, a 4cm segment of the sciatic nerve was obtained and placed as a non vascularized graft on one side, and as a vascularized graft connected to the inferior gluteal vessels on the opposite side. To determine the compound action potential of the gastrocnemius muscle, electromyography was done after 2, 3 and 4 months. Histomorphologically, the distribution of myelinated nerve fibers and Schwann cell were evaluated after toluidine blue staining, The following resutls were obtained: 1. The electrophysiological studies showed no difference between the nonvascularized and vascularized grafts. 2. Two and three months after grafting, myelinated nerve fibers were more abundant in the vascularized proximal, middle and distal areas in all nerve fibers of varying diameters. 3. In the post-nonvascularized graft 2-month group, a few myelinated nerve fibers were present in the proximal and middle areas, but none distally. In the post-vascularized graft 2 month group, myelinated nerve fibers ranging $2-8{\mu}m$ were present in all three areas. 4. In the post-nonvascularized graft 3 month group, a few myelinated nerve fibers ranging in $2-6{\mu}m$ were present in all three areas, but in the post-vascularized graft 3 month group, many myelinated nerve fibers ranging in $2-10{\mu}m$ were present in all three areas. 5. In the post-graft 4-month group, more myelinated nerve fibers were present in all three areas of the vascularized grafts. However, nerve fibers of less than $2{\mu}m$ in diameter were more abundant in the non vascularized grafts. 6. Schwann cells were more abundant in the proximal, middle and distal areas of the post-vascularized 2, 3 and 4-month grafts. Based on these findings, the immediate restoration of circulation in vascularized nerve grafts allows for the increased number of surviving Schwann cells, rapid healing of the axon and myelin sheath changes which occur during Wallerian degeneration, and thus is able to stimulate a morphologically optimal regeneration.