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문명재 ( Moon Myung-jae ) 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소 2021 日本硏究 Vol.- No.90
『今昔』の説話が歴史的史実といかなる関連を持っているかを見ることは、『今昔』の文学性を究明するために必要な過程であろう。本考察は『今昔』に描かれた日本仏教伝来という歴史的事件と聖徳太子との関連叙述に焦点を合わせ、『日本書紀』を中心とする関連資料との照合を通して、史実から説話への過程について、その意味を分析してみたものである。 日本に仏教が伝わった後、朝廷でそれを受容するまでは紆余曲折があったし、歴史上重要な出来事であっただけに、史料でも詳しく記している。その中心に聖徳太子があり、彼に対する民衆の高い尊崇が彼を超人的聖人に再誕生させているが、その過程と結果の一つが『今昔』の聖徳太子説話なのである。 本考察では『日本書紀』のような正統史料の史実が、『日本霊異記』 『三宝絵』 『聖徳太子伝暦』などの文献を経て『今昔』の説話に至る過程を検討してみたが、一つの説話が生れるまでは多くの資料の重疊が地層のように蓄積されていることが知れる。従って説話文学を鑑賞、研究するにおいて、現在の記録の裏に数多く見えない資料が存在することを忘れてはいけないだろう。このような視角から『今昔』の聖徳太子説話を見ると、相当の部分は既に『日本霊異記』をはじめそれ以前の説話的文献の段階で形成されていたものであることを否めない。しかし、その部分を除いても、太子中心的叙述方法と神聖性の強調など、『今昔』なりの注目すべき特徴が随所で息づいていることが分かる。但し、史実から説話への過程において、事実と異なるところも存在していることが分かるが、それが編者の構想によったものかどうかは別にして、現存の姿を『今昔』の文学的特性として評価し、史実から説話への過程として受け止めるべきであろう。何故なら、『今昔』は史実の記録ではなく暮らしの記録なのであり、それゆえ説話文学なのである。 It is thought that examining how the folktale of 『Konzaku』relates to historical facts is an essential process in clarifying the literary nature of 『Konzaku』This review analyzes the meaning of the process from historical to narrative by focusing on the historical event of Japanese Buddhism tradition described in 『Konzaku』and the related description of Prince Shotoku, and comparing it with various related materials centered on 『Nihonshoki』. After Buddhism was introduced to Japan, there were many twists and turns from the government to accept it, and as it was an important event in Japanese history, it is recorded in detail in historical records. Prince Shotoku is at the center of it, and the high respect of the people for him is reborn as a superhuman saint, and one of the processes and results is the story of Prince Shotoku in 『Konzaku』. In this review, we reviewed the process of leading to the tales of 『Konzaku』 through literature such as 『Nihonshoki』『Nihonryoiki』『Sanboe』and 『Shotoku taishidenryaku』, until one story is born, we can feel that a lot of data is accumulated like a stratum. Therefore, in appreciating and studying narrative literature, it should not be forgotten that there are numerous invisible materials behind the current records. From this point of view, it is difficult to deny that much of the story of Prince Shotoku in 『Konzaku』 was already formed in the previous narrative literature stage, including 『Nihonryoiki』. However, in the process of changing from historical facts to folk tales, we find that there are parts that are different from the facts, However, even if that part is excluded, it is confirmed that the notable characteristics of 『Konzaku』, such as the emphasis on prince-centered description method and sacredness, are breathing in various places. However, it is found that there is a different part from historical facts in the process of storytelling, whether it was based on the idea of the writer or not, it should be evaluated as a literary characteristic of 『Konzaku』 and accepted as a process of storytelling in history. Because 『Konzaku』 is not a record of history, but a record of life, so it is a folktale literature.
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