서식지 등가성 분석을 이용한 연안의 대체서식지규모 산정

박나애(Naae Park),이석모(Suk Mo Lee) 한국생태공학회 2016 한국생태공학회지 Vol.5 No.1

The preservation of the coastal resources and environment is emerging as a large concern worldwide since the coastal zone have been damaged from ongoing national land development and natural disaster lately. South Korea has very well developed coastal zone, which is a region where interaction of the sea and land processes occurs. Therefore, coast improvement projects, which aims to preserve domestic coastal health, including coast preservation project and waterfront renovation project are being enforced. However, the act on the restoration of the coastal habitat is absent. In the United States, Japan, and Europe, the act on the creation of the replacement habitat is enacted to prevent further loss of coastal habitats. This study introduces a way of determining the scale of replacement habitat creation for coastal habitat restoration by using the habitat equivalency analysis. This study also calculate the scale of the replacement habitat based on domestic site using Visual_HEA. As a result, creating replacement habitat of the eelgrass habitat in Koje Bay, where the eelgrass was damaged by road construction, depends on the types of restoration. In case of off-site restoration, 1.729 km² of replacement habitat is needed, which is about 106percent of the injured area. In case of on-site restoration, 0.075 km² of additional replacement habitat is needed, which is about 4.6percent of the injured area. These results can suggest quantitative restoration scale to prevent further loss of coastal habitats and also can be used as the basis to determine the policies for efficient use and preservation of the natural resources.

물리서식처 모의를 이용한 구하도 복원이 피라미의 서식처에 미치는 영향 평가: 청미천 연구 사례

김승기,최성욱 응용생태공학회 2019 Ecology and resilient infrastructure Vol.6 No.2

본 연구에서는 물리서식처 분석을 이용하여 구하도 복원에 따른 어류서식처의 영향을 분석하였다. 연구대상지역은 청미천의1.2 km 구간이다. 연구 대상 지역에서 구하도 복원은 2012년 7월 부터 2015년 12월 까지 수행되었다. 복원 전과 후에 대하여 물리서식처분석을 실시하였다. 이때, 수리해석을 River2D 모형을 이용하였으며 서식처분석을 위하여 서식처 적합도 지수 곡선을 이용하였다. 대상어종은 연구대상지역의 우점종인 피라미를 선정하였다. 복원 전과 후의 조건에 대하여 다양한 유량에 대하여 수리해석을 실시하였다. 이후 구하도가 복원 되기 전과 후의 조건에서 복합 서식처 적합도 지수와 가중가용면적을 계산하였으며, 피라미의 물리서식처 변화에대하여 분석하였다. 모의 결과 구하도가 복원될 경우 어류의 서식처 영역이 증가되었으며, 큰 유량에 대하여 서식처의 감소를 방지하는데효과가 있음을 확인하였다. This study investigated the impact of abandoned channel restoration on fish habitat using the physical habitat simulation. The study area is a 1.2 km long reach of the Cheongmi-cheon stream. In the study area, the restoration of the abandoned channel was carried out from July 2012 to December 2105. Physical habitat simulations were carried out for both cases before and after the restoration. The River2D model and habitat suitability curve were used for hydraulic and habitat simulations, respectively. Zacco platypus, which is a dominant fish species in the study area, was selected as target fish for the physical habitat simulation. Hydraulic simulations were carried out before and after restoration for various discharges. Then, composite suitability index and weighted usable area were calculated before and after restoration and changes in the physical habitat of Zacco platypus were discussed. Simulation results indicated that the abandoned channel restoration is effective in creating fish habitat and mitigating the degradation of fish habitat from the high flow condition.

철원 비무장지대를 중심으로 한 따오기 Nipponia nippon 복원 대상지역 선정을 위한 서식환경 평가

노백호(Paikho Rho),한상훈(Sang-Hoon Han) 한국조류학회II 2010 한국조류학회지 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구는 중국, 일본에서 성공적으로 복원하고 있는 따오기의 국내 서식지 복원을 위해 기존의 서식특성이나 이동거리 등을 토대로 서식모형을 개발하고 경관생태학적 관점에서의 따오기 서식에 적합한 지역을 선정하기 위해 실시하였다. 철원 비무장지대를 중심으로 고해상도 위성영상을 확보하여 서식환경을 분석하였으며, 특히 활동권을 감안하여 1㎢ 격자별로 번식자원과 월동자원의 적합성을 평가하였다. 따오기의 번식자원과 월동자원을 충족하는 서식지는 총 11개 패치 116ha로 연구면적의 4.8%로 나타났다. 토교저수지 주변은 민간인의 출입이 제한되어 자연상태의 산림이 형성되었으며, 사계청소로 인해 초지의 구성비율이 높게 나타났다. 분석결과, 따오기의 서식지로 널리 이용되는 산림과 초지, 저수지 및 하천(한탄강), 농경지는 높은 비율을 차지하고 있다. 다만 서식패치의 공간적 배열을 이용한 경관생태학적 평가에 따르면, 번식기에는 넓은 면적의 적은 패치로 이루어진 반면 월동기에는 협소한 면적의 많은 패치로 이루어져 있어, 따오기와 같은 야생조류의 생활양식에 부합하지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 따오기의 철원지역 복원을 위해서는 농경지 패치규모와 형태의 다양화, 농경지 및 인접한 하천, 산림과의 경계밀도 증가를 통해 따오기 번식자원을 우선적으로 제공하여야 한다. This study aims to suggest candidate sites for habitat restoration of the crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) with landscape ecological perspective. We reviewed habitat characteristics and movement patterns in China, and acquired GIS data on environmental variables to develop habitat model of the species in Cheolwon, Korea. Percent cover and spatial arrangement of major habitat patches derived from high-resolution satellite images were used to evaluate ibis habitat suitability of each 1㎢ grid across the study area for wintering and breeding resources. Eleven(11) patches of 116 ha(4.8% of study area) were assigned as suitable habitat for the species. Satellite image classification shows that grassland and herbaceous habitat is higher than expected, probably caused by prescribed burning for military purpose seasonally, and natural woodland is dominant near the DMZ with civilian access control. Landscape composition in the study area is satisfactory for crested ibis: woodlands, grasslands, reservoirs, streams, and rice paddy, which are essential habitat, are widely distributed. However, landscape configuration is not good for the species. The research shows that few large patches are existed during the breeding season, but most wild birds are more likely to distribute separately in that time. In winter season, the species prefer to aggregate in small groups, but habitat patches derived from habitat model are many and small patches in the Cheolwon, Korea. Application of different agricultural techniques encouraging diversity on rice paddy patch, spatial configuration change of habitat type between breeding and wintering season, and increase of rice paddy-woodland edge should be primarily provided to restore crested ibis habitat.

Development of a habitat suitability index for the habitat restoration of Pedicularis hallaisanensis Hurusawa

장래하,김선령,정진우,Tho Jae-Hwa,정석환,윤영준 한국생태학회 2022 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.46 No.4

Background: We developed a habitat suitability index (HSI) model for Pedicularis hallaisanensis, a Grade II Endangered Species in South Korea. To determine the habitat variables, we conducted a literature review on P. hallaisanensis with a specific focus on the associated spatial factors, climate, topography, threats, and soil factors to derive five environmental factors that influence P. hallaisanensis habitats. The specific variables were defined based on the collected data and consultations with experts in the field, with the validity of each variable tested through field studies. Results: Mt. Seorak had a suitable habitat area of 2.48 km2 for sites with a score of 1 (0.62% of total area) and 0.01 km2 for sites with a score of 0.9. Mt. Bangtae had a suitable habitat area of 0.03 km2 for sites with a score of 1 (0.02% of total area) and 0 km2 for sites with a score of 0.9. Mt. Gaya showed 0.13 km2 of suitable habitat for sites with a score of 1 (0.17% of total area) and 0 km2 for sites with a score of 0.9. Lastly, Mt. Halla showed 3.12 km2 of suitable habitat related to sites with a score of 1 (2.04% of total area) and 4.08 km2 of sites with a score of 0.9 (2.66% of total area). Mt. Halla accounts for 73.1% of the total core habitat area. Considering the climatic, soil, and forest conditions together with standardized collection sites, our results indicate that Mt. Halla should be viewed as a core habitat of P. hallaisanensis. Conclusions: The findings in this study provide useful data for the identification of core habitat areas and potential alternative habitats to prevent the extinction of the endangered species, P. hallaisanensis. Furthermore, the developed HSI model allows for the prediction of suitable habitats based on the ecological niche of a given species to identify its unique distribution and causal factors.

멸종위기 야생생물 I 급 털복주머니란 서식지 복원을 위한 서식지 적합성 지수(HSI) 개발

윤영준,김선령,장래하,한승현,이동진,심윤진,박용수,Yoon, Young-Jun,Kim, Sun-Ryoung,Jang, Rae-Ha,Han, Seung-Hyun,Lee, Dong-Jin,Shim, Yun-Jin,Park, Yong-Su 한국환경복원기술학회 2020 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.23 No.4

This study aimed to develop the HSI (Habitat Suitability Index) model of Cypripedium guttatum. and to verify this model by applying to the candidate sites for replacement habitat. The development of HSI and SI (Suitability Index) model was conducted based on the existing literature, field surveys, and expert opinions for information on ecological habitat characteristics. Seven variables were selected as habitat variables including mean maximum temperature in Jul.-Aug., lighting, slope, altitude, effective soil depth, soil texture, and artificial overexploitation (i.e. protected areas). HSI model was developed for C. guttaum based on these variables. This HSI model showed high applicability to selection and evaluation of replacement habitats for C. guttaum. Our findings could provide the basic information on habitat assessment to prevent the extinction of endangered C. guttatum. However, since there is a limitation that the survey data were insufficient, further field surveys should be conducted on several habitat types to improve the accuracy of the HSI model.

서울시 탄천 생태계 보전지역의 환경생태특성을 고려한 생태적 관리계획

한봉호,김종엽,홍석환,Han Bong-Ho,Kim Jong-Yeop,Hong Suk-Hwan 한국조경학회 2004 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.32 No.5

This study presents an ecological management plan for wildbird habitat conservation, an nature-friendly enhancement of bio-diversity using the riverside of the Tancheon Ecosystem Conservation Area in Seoul by analyzing environmental and ecological characteristics. As a result of analyzing actual vegetation, vegetation type was classified into 34 types. Humulus japonicus association covers an area of 441,568.6㎡(31.44%), and Artemisia princeps var. orientalis association covers an area of 89,690.1㎡(6.39%). Sandy plain as valuable wildbird habitat covers an area of 89,965.9㎡(6.4%). 125 taxa including 34 families, 93 genera, 107 species, and 18 varieties were recorded and the number of naturalized plants were 41 taxa at the survey site. Total naturalized index(NI) and urbanized index(UI) were recorded as 32.8%, and 15.5%. As a result of analyzing the herb plants association structure by surveying 8 belt-transects, the humid native plants was dominant in the partially adjacent revetment edge and damp riverside. On the other hand, naturalized plants was so extensively dominant that it was necessary to establish an ecological management plan. The observed wildbirds belonged to 50 species, 6,118 individuals, and 7 restricted species by law, which were Accipiter gentilis, Falco tinnunculus, Buteo hemilasius, and Buteo buteo. Oriolus chinensis,Hirundo rustica, and Alcedo atthis. The ecological administration plan for Tancheon Ecosystem Conservation Area as follows: in ecological land-use planning, the conservation area(695,518.5㎡) has native woody and herb vegetation and sandy plain with water as an wildbird habitat. The restoration area(653,702.7㎡) has a naturalized plants distribution are with artificial revetment. The nature-friendly Riverside Area(55,414.9㎡) was an easily approached area with damaged riverside vegetation, and a safe area to wildbird habitat. In riverside restoration planning, the artificial riverside should be restored to its natural riverside vegetation, and the artificial embankment should be restored with edge shrubs for wildbird habitat or revegetated for natural riverside landscape. For naturalized plants management planning, we selected naturalized plant species to be weeded out, and suggested an application method for ecological management.

Habitat use and home range of reintroduced long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) in Woraksan National Park

Gyu-cheol Kim,Jang-ick Son,Yong-hak Lee,Seung-jun Jung,Dong-ju Song,Chea-un Cho 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2018 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.09

Here, we analyzed the habitat use and behavior ecology of Gorals (n = 10), from May 2007 to December 2011, using transmitters encircling their necks, which were reintroduced to Woraksan National Park from Hwachun-gun, Kangwon-do province. One of the habitat use characteristics–slope preferences–in females (n = 5), males (n = 5), and both sexes (n = 10) was 30~35° (23.6%), 35~40° (23.8%), and 30~40°, respectively. In terms of habitat direction, 24.3% of the females and 16% males moved towards the Northwestern regions, preferring the Southern regions in winter. Male and female home ranges decreased after ~18 and 6 months, respectively. The Gorals were affected not only by complex factors such as habitat quality, age, sex, population density, and competition, but also by the challenges of adaptation to a new habitat. These factors, we believe, contributed to the success rate of the restoration project and that proper monitoring is needed to ensure the home range size requirements are considered for future restoration projects.

계단상 하상구조를 이용한 계류복원 방안

김석우 ( Suk Woo Kim ),전근우 ( Kun Woo Chun ),김경남 ( Kyoung Nam Kim ),박종민 ( Chong Min Park ),마루타니토모미 ( Marutani Tomomi ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2011 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Mountain streams, which are major components of an entire river network, play an important role as the source of water, sediment, coarse and fine organic matter, and nutrients for lowland rivers. Therefore, dynamics and downstream linkages of each compartment of the mountain stream can be essential for watershed management in catchment scale. The dynamics and downstream linkages are understood as a development of step-pool sequences along a river course. Recently, stream restoration after flooding event often employ the development of step-pool sequences in the world. In this paper, we 1) examined the geomorphic characteristics and the role of step-pool sequences in steep mountain streams by reviewing the results of past studies, and 2) introduced the case studies of stream restoration using step-pool sequences, and finally 3) addressed design methods considering geometry and stability of artificial step-pool sequences for stream restoration. Step-pool sequences play an important role not only as roughness with energy dissipation but also as heterogeneity of stream feature for aquatic habitat. Step-pool sequences, even if they are constructed artificially along a stream, may be effective for small stream restoration considering eco-friendly torrent controls. So far the artificial step-pool sequences were employed for mountainous streams, but those would be applied to urban stream.

금강수계 하천에서의 어류 서식처적합도지수 산정

강형식(Kang Hyeongsik),임동균(Im Dongkyun),허준욱(Hur Jun Wook),김규호(Kim Kyu-Ho) 대한토목학회 2011 대한토목학회논문집 B Vol.31 No.2B

최근 하천 환경 및 생태학적 관심도가 증가함에 따라 다양한 하천 복원 및 서식 환경 조성 사업이 수행되고 있다. 서식처 복원 사업에 있어 중요한 것은 서식처에 필요한 유량을 산정하는 것이고, 이를 위해 미국 및 유럽의 많은 국가에서 유지유량증분법을 이용하여 서식처 필요유량을 산정하고 있다. 유지유량증분법은 하천 흐름과 관련되어 있는 생물의 서식처 평가와 적정 유량을 설정할 수 있는 개념으로서, 대상하천에서 유지유량증분법을 적용하기 위해서는 생물에 대한 서식처적합도지수가 반드시 필요하다. 그러나 국내의 경우 과거 현장 모니터링을 통해 피라미와 참갈겨니에 대한 적합도지수만이 존재하기 때문에 다양한 어종에 대한 서식처 유량을 산정하기 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 금강수계의 현장 모니터링을 통해 수심 및 유속과 같은 물리자료, 산성도 및 용존산소량과 같은 화학자료, 그리고 어종 및 개체수와 같은 생물자료를 구축하였다. 확보된 2,736개의 자료를 바탕으로 피라미, 침갈겨니, 돌마자, 쉬리, 돌고기, 모래무지 등 6가지 어종에 대한 서식처적합도지수를 산정하였으며, 기존에 제시된 서식처적합도지수와의 비교를 통해 새로운 서식처적합도지수를 제안하였다. 또한 각 어종별 프루드수, 산성도, 용존산소의 범위를 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 서식처적합도지수는 하천사업의 평가를 수행하기 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. With the recent growth of environmental and ecological interests, various river restoration and habitat environment creation projects are being carried out. For this, the estimation of the habitat flow discharge is important. In U.S. and Europe nations, The instream flow incremental methodology (IFIM) has been used to estimate the habitat discharge. IFIM is the method that can be applied to evaluate the flow discharge for the suitable habitat. To use the IFIM in river, a habitat suitability index(HSI) for the target organism is needed. However, HSIs for only two species of Zacco platypus and Zacco temminckii were proposed from the field monitoring. Thus, for the estimation of the ecological flow rate for a group of fish, the development of the HSIs for various fish are necessary. In this study, physical data such as water level and flow rate, chemical data such as acidity and dissolved oxygen, and life data such as fish types and population are collected in Keum river watershed. Based on the 2,736 field data, HSIs for the following 6 fish are developed: Zacco platypus, Zacco temminckii, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Pungtungia herzi, Pseudogobio esocinus. Through the comparison with HSIs in the literature, the developed HSIs are modified. Also, the limits of Froude number, pH, and DO for 6 fish are proposed. The HSIs developed in this study can be utilized as a essential data for performing river project evaluations.

나도승마(Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai) 생태정보 수집 및 서식지 평가

장래하,김선령,도재화,윤영준 한국환경복원기술학회 2023 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.26 No.6

This study was conducted to develop a habitat assessment system for the endangered wildlife II Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai through in-depth interviews with experts based on field surveys and environmental characteristics through spatial data analysis and literature research. Evaluation factors were selected based on the survey results of 31 variables for 23 K. koreana habitats. Afterwards, the importance and evaluation range for each assessment factor were selected. The selection of survey variables, assessment factors, importance of each factor and assessment range was conducted through in-depth interviews with experts at each stage. As a result, the assessment factors and importance were 16% for precipitation of the wettest month, 10% for vegetation zone, 12% for vegetation type, 10% for crown canopy vitality, 14% for tree layer coverage, 13% for drainage grade, 12% for soil depth, and 13% for distance to stream including dry stream. This study provides basic ecological information and a habitat assessment system for K. koreana habitats. Therefore, it can be used as primary data for preparing an endangered wildlife conservation policy, preparing a habitat improvement plan, and selecting an alternative habitat.