뇌졸중 환자의 보행 비대칭성과 속도, 하지 운동 기능과의 상관관계

남형천 ( Hyoung Chun Nam ),김성렬 ( Seong Yeol Kim ),안승헌 ( Seung Heon An ) 대한물리의학회 2010 대한물리의학회지 Vol.5 No.3

Purpose:The present study was to examine the difference and severity of asymmetry in independently ambulating stroke survivors and to establish the association between gait asymmetry, velocity, and the motor function of lower extremity. Methods:The subjects used in this study were 43 subjects with hemiparesis being able to walk independently. Motor function of lower extremity was measured clinically with the Fugl Meyer-Lower /Extremity Assessment. Overground gait velocity and spatio-temporal parameters were collected by the GAITRite system. Results:Thirty(69.77%) patients showed statistically significant temporal asymmetry while 28(65.1%) exhibited statistically significant spatial asymmetry. One-way ANOVA results showed a main effect of temporal symmetry group(normative, mild, severe) for gait velocity(F=74.129), FM-L/E(F=17.270), swing-stance symmetry(F=66.869, F=13.485, respectively), spatio-temporal symmetry(F=13.166, F=31.800, respectively) 66, F=31.800, respectively). Gait velocity was negatively associated with temporal asymmetry(r=-.83), spatial asymmetry(r=-.60). Motor function of lower extremity was also associated with temporal asymmetry(r=-.58), and spatial asymmetry(r=-.50). Conclusion:The study attempted to establish the standard assessment of hemiparesis gait symmetry in light of the complex relationship with motor impairment and gait velocity. More future work will need to link the degree of gait asymmetry to clinically relevant outcomes to better establish the clinical significance of such observations.

운송용 유류가격의 비대칭성 검증과소비자비용 추정

차경수,이도훈 국회예산정책처 2023 예산정책연구 Vol.12 No.3

본 연구의 주요목적은 국제유가 변동에 대한 국내 운송용 유류가격의 비대칭적 조정 여부를 살펴보고, 유류가격의 비대칭성이 유발하는 소비자비용을 추정하는 것이다. 주간자료를 이용하여 분석한 결과 국제유가의 변화에 대해 휘발유가격과 경유가격 모두에서 비대칭성이 발견되었으며, 경유가격에 비해 휘발유가격의 비대칭성이 더 크고 오랜 기간 지속되는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 비대칭성은 국제유가가 리터당 1원 상승할 경우, 동일한 규모의 리터당 1원 하락에 기인한 소비자 예산절감분을 차감해도 20주의 가격조정기간에 걸쳐 휘발유는 리터당 총 4.5원, 경유는 리터당 총 2.5원의 소비자비용을 발생시키는 것으로 추정되었다. 한편, 비대칭성의 발생 원인을 검토한 결과, 국내 운송용 유류소매시장의 비대칭성은 “탐색이론”에 의해 설명되는 것으로 분석되었다. 이에 따라, 국내 운송용 유류의 가격 비대칭성을 해소하기 위해서는 유가정보의 이용 편의 확대 등 소비자의 탐색비용을 줄이는 방향으로 정책의 초점이 맞춰져야 한다. This study attempts to examine how gasoline and diesel prices in Korea are adjusted in response to a change in oil prices, and estimate consumer costs caused by the asymmetry. According to our analysis, the price asymmetry was found in both gasoline and diesel prices in respond to Singapore spot market prices, and it was also found that both the degree and the period of asymmetry were larger and longer in gasoline prices than diesel prices. Additionally, the total cost caused by asymmetry of gasoline prices is much greater than that of diesel. These differences are mainly due to lower search cost of diesel, as it is usually purchased for commercial use such as truck. We also find that the price asymmetry results in substantial consumer costs. Therefore, if a consumer buys one liter of gasoline per week, a KRW 1 per liter increase in spot prices costs the consumer KRW 4.5 over the adjustment period than what a KRW 1 per liter decrease saves them. Similarly, if a consumer uses one liter of diesel per week, a KRW 1 per liter increase in spot prices costs the consumer KRW 2.5 over the adjustment period than what a KRW 1 per liter decrease saves them. Finally, the price asymmetry in the domestic retail market can be explained by the “search theory”.

Asymmetry in the Motor Performance of the Low and High Depression Groups

류경희,,오경자 한국임상심리학회 2008 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.27 No.1

The present study was designed to examine the effect of depressive mood on the functional asymmetry in motor performance. Participants were screened out of 360 college students on the basis of the BDI-II score: cut-off score of 14 for the High Depression Group (upper 20%) and 5 for the Low Depression Group (lower 20%). The participants in this study were all right-handed and matched for gender; 32 depressed students (16 males and 16 females) and 32 non-depressed students (16 males and 16 females). A hand dynamometer was used as a standardized measure of asymmetric motor function. The results showed that in males, there was a significant Group by Hand interaction effect. The mean grip strength of the right hand was significantly higher than that of the left hand for the Low Depression Group, whereas the High Depression Group did not show significantly greater right-hand grip strength. However, no such significant interaction effect was observed in females. The result of this study are consistent with the current neuropsychological model indicating relatively low activation of the left hemisphere in depression.

Stability of unilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy for correction of facial asymmetry: long-term case series and literature review

Seong-Geun Lee,Young-Hoon Kang,June-Ho Byun,Uk-Kyu Kim,Jong-Ryoul Kim,Bong-Wook Park 대한구강악안면외과학회 2015 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.41 No.3

Bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy is considered a standard technique in mandibular orthognathic surgeries to reduce unexpected bilateral stress in the temporomandibular joints. Unilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (USSO) was recently introduced to correct facial asymmetry caused by asymmetric mandibular prognathism and has shown favorable outcomes. If unilateral surgery could guarantee long-term postoperative stability as well as favorable results, operation time and the incidence of postoperative complications could be reduced compared to those in bilateral surgery. This report highlights three consecutive cases with long-term follow-up in which USSO was used to correct asymmetric mandibular prognathism. Long-term postoperative changes in the condylar contour and ramus and condylar head length were analyzed using routine radiography and computed tomography. In addition, prior USSO studies were reviewed to outline clear criteria for applying this technique. In conclusion, patients showing functional-type asymmetry with predicted unilateral mandibular movement of less than 7 mm can be considered suitable candidates for USSO-based correction of asymmetric mandibular prognathism with or without maxillary arch surgeries.

Remarks on the A/A`-distinction: A thematic approach

( Kwang Sup Kim ) 경희대학교 언어연구소 2015 언어연구 Vol.32 No.1

In order to capture the A/A’-distinction at LF, Takahashi (2006, 2010) and Takahashi and Hulsey (2009) propose that the complement of D can optionally undergo late merge: that is, D can merge with its complement after it undergoes A-movement. Lebeaux (2009) puts forth an analogous idea: the complement of D is generated as a pro, and the pro is replaced by an overt NP after A-movement takes place. Both approaches are based on the assumption that thematic roles must be assigned as early as possible-the assumption that thematic role assignment is subject to the principle of earliness. These approaches, however, run into several problems, including the A/A’-distinction at PF-the phenomenon that DP-traces, unlike wh-traces, are not visible at PF. In this article, I propose that the A/A’-distinction at LF and PF originates from the fact that the subject can be base-generated either in a thematic position or in a Case-position, which in turn results from the fact that (i) arguments are associated with their thematic role via a λ-conversion (Heim and Kratzer 1998), and (ii) the λ-operator can be percolated via function composition (Di Sciullo and Williams 1987). This article shows that the thematic approach provides a principled account not only for the A/A’-distinction at LF and PF but also for many other phenomena, including the complement/adjunct asymmetry, Barss’s generalization, and the predicate/non-predicate asymmetry. (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

관습화 과정에 따른 유의어의 비대칭적 사용 양상 탐색-사과 표현을 중심으로 -

조민정 한말연구학회 2019 한말연구 Vol.- No.53

There are asymmetric usages of apologetic expressions in Korea, and those have in common in vocabulary meaning, but also don’t have in common specially in fields of discourse and ritual functions. This study aims at articulating the function's differences about discourse marker and ritual by exploring the data from 15th century to 21th corpus. Given the asymmetric usage of the apologetic expressions, it is necessary to grasp their functions by locating them within larger syntactic structure, such as the conjunctive ending forms, and adjacency pairs. However the functions of these designating apology gradually changed in different discourse contexts, and were replaced by a new conjunctive ending by time.

Remarks on the A/A’-distinction: A thematic approach

김광섭 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2015 언어연구 Vol.32 No.1

In order to capture the A/A’-distinction at LF, Takahashi (2006, 2010) and Takahashi and Hulsey (2009) propose that the complement of D can optionally undergo late merge: that is, D can merge with its complement after it undergoes A-movement. Lebeaux (2009) puts forth an analogous idea: the complement of D is generated as a pro, and the pro is replaced by an overt NP after A-movement takes place. Both approaches are based on the assumption that thematic roles must be assigned as early as possible—the assumption that thematic role assignment is subject to the principle of earliness. These approaches, however, run into several problems, including the A/A’-distinction at PF—the phenomenon that DP-traces, unlike wh-traces, are not visible at PF. In this article, I propose that the A/A’-distinction at LF and PF originates from the fact that the subject can be base-generated either in a thematic position or in a Case-position, which in turn results from the fact that (i) arguments are associated with their thematic role via a λ-conversion (Heim and Kratzer 1998), and (ii) the λ-operator can be percolated via function composition (Di Sciullo and Williams 1987). This article shows that the thematic approach provides a principled account not only for the A/A’-distinction at LF and PF but also for many other phenomena, including the complement/adjunct asymmetry, Barss’s generalization, and the predicate/non-predicate asymmetry.

낙상유무에 따른 여성 노인의 기능체력 및 하지근력 대칭성

정진욱,최혜정 대한운동사협회 2009 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.11 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate functional fitness and asymmetry on lower body muscle strength of elderly women with fall experience. 62 women aged 65-75 years old participated in this study. They were divided into two groups (faller, n=27; non-faller, n=35) according to the fall experience. Closed one leg stand, sit & reach, reaction time, 6min walking were conducted to measure balance, flexibility, agility, and walking ability, respectively. Isokinetic knee strength and asymmetry were measured by cybex 770. As a result, significant differences were shown in balance, agility, walking ability between groups. Muscular strength and endurance of both side flexors and extensors, bilateral asymmetry, and muscular strength of left side ipsilateral asymmetry showed significant differences between groups. In conclusion, weakness of functional fitness and lower body muscle strength, endurance, and asymmetry affect to the fall experience. Therefore, proper exercise training focused not only on functional fitness but on improving asymmetry is needed to prevent fall down. 본 연구는 여성노인의 낙상 유무에 따른 기능체력 및 하지근력과 대칭성을 비교 분석하여 낙상 예방을 위한 노인운동프로그램 개발의 기초자료를 얻고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 65-75세의 62명의 여성 노인이 본 연구에 자발적으로 참여하였으며 이들을 낙상경험자(n=27), 낙상비경험자(n=35)로 구분하였다. 평형성, 유연성, 민첩성, 보행능력등 기능체력을 측정하기 위하여 외발서기, 좌전굴, 반응시간, 6분 걷기를 실시하였으며, cybex770을 이용하여 등속성 하지근력 및 대칭성을 측정하였다. 결과적으로 기능체력에서는 평형성, 민첩성, 보행능력이 그룹간 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 양측 굴근과 신근의 근력과 근지구력, 양측대칭성(좌우비), 좌측의 동측대칭성(굴신비)에서 그룹간 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 결론적으로, 기능체력, 하지근력 및 하지근력 비대칭은 낙상에 영향을 미치므로 낙상예방을 위해서는 하지근력의 발달뿐 아니라 하지의 균형적인 발달이 매우 중요하다. 따라서 기능체력 뿐 아니라 양측 및 동측 대칭성을 파악하여 약한 측면의 근력 및 근지구력을 개선할 수 있는 적절한 운동프로그램이 낙상예방을 위해 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

탄력밴드를 이용한 양측과 편측 저항 트레이닝이 여성 노인의 기능적 체력과 낙상효능감에 미치는 효과

박성태 한국생활환경학회 2013 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.20 No.5

Leg asymmetry as well as muscle strength are important risk factors for falls in old age. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of bilateral and unilateral resistance training using elastic band on functional fitness and fall efficacy in elderly women. For this purpose, twenty-three healthy, inactive elderly women(65-85 yrs) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: a control(CG, n=8), a bilateral training group(BTG, n=7), a unilateral training group(UTG, n=8). Subjects in training groups followed a 3 day per week, elastic band(10 exercises, 2-3 sets per exercise) protocol for 12 weeks. UTG exercised additionally 1-2 sets in non-dominant leg. Functional fitness, leg asymmetry score and self efficacy were measured at baseline and after training. Unilateral training increased functional fitness, including chair sit and reach, timed up and go, sit and stand, 6 minute walk test. There are no changes in BTG and CG. In leg asymmetry score, we didn"t observe significant change between groups. And BTG had a greater increase in fall efficacy compared to the other groups. In conclusion, for the fall prevention in the elderly, we have to design the exercise program considering the asymmetry of leg strength.

우반구와 좌반구의 기능적 비대칭성

김양태(Yang-Tae Kim) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2013 생물치료정신의학 Vol.19 No.1

Asymmetry between right and left hemispheres had been of interest long before Broca reported the specialization of the left hemisphere for language. Recently, however, the concept of left hemisphere dominance was changed into an effort to investigate functional differences between two hemispheres as neuroscientific research has extended into the areas of visuospatial perception, emotion, and social cognition. Here, we review the diverse literature describing hemisphere asymmetries in terms of evolutionary theory, neuroscience, and psychotherapy. First, the conflict between both hemispheres, from ancient times until the present, ending in the final triumph of the left hemisphere, will be discussed. Then, from the neuroscientific perspective, the functional asymmetries between right and left will be provided. Finally, the application of functional asymmetry between two hemispheres to psychotherapy will be addressed through right-brain affect regulation and couple cases. From the perspective of neurobiology, psychotherapy can stimulate horizontal, and interpersonal integration.