Longitudinal associations between glucocorticoid receptor methylation and late-life depression

Kang, Hee-Ju,Bae, Kyung-Yeol,Kim, Sung-Wan,Shin, Il-Seon,Kim, Hye-Ran,Shin, Myung-Geun,Yoon, Jin-Sang,Kim, Jae-Min Elsevier 2018 Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological Vol.84 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>It has been suggested that hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation plays a role in the etiology of depression. HPA axis function is mediated by glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), which are influenced by epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation). The association between the DNA methylation of the GR gene (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1; <I>NR3C1</I>) and late-life depression as well as the role of <I>NR3C1</I> methylation in the prediction of the incidence of depression have not yet been investigated. Therefore, we examined the independent and longitudinal effects of the methylation of three CpG sites in exon 1<SUB>F</SUB> of <I>NR3C1</I> on late-life depression using peripheral blood. In total, 732 Korean community residents aged ≥65 years were assessed; 521 individuals in this group without depression at baseline were followed 2 years later. The Geriatric Mental State Schedule was used to identify depression, and demographic and clinical covariates were evaluated. The effects of <I>NR3C1</I> methylation (the individual methylation status of three CpG sites and their average values) on current and follow-up depression were calculated using a multivariate logistic regression model. Higher <I>NR3C1</I> methylation levels at CpG 2 and 3 and the average methylation value were independently associated with the prevalence of depression at baseline. Additionally, a higher <I>NR3C1</I> methylation level at CpG 2 was associated with depression incidence 2 years later in this population. These findings suggest an association between the methylation of <I>NR3C1</I> exon 1<SUB>F</SUB>, especially at CpG 2, and depression later in life.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Higher <I>NR3C1</I> exon 1<SUB>F</SUB> methylation, except at CpG 1, is related to prevalence of late life depression. </LI> <LI> Hypermethylation of <I>NR3C1</I> exon 1<SUB>F</SUB> at CpG 2 predicts depression incidence 2 years later. </LI> <LI> These associations were independent of potential covariates. </LI> <LI> Altered epigenetic regulation in the HPA axis in late-life depression was supported. </LI> </UL> </P>

부적응 도식과 우울간의 관계에서 정서조절방략의 매개효과

정미현,김남재 덕성여자대학 학생생활지도연구소 2008 學生生活硏究 Vol.24 No.-

This research explored cognitive emotion condition tactic, behavioral emotion control tactic, and empirical emotion condition tactic, each media effect and causal effects in he relation of maladjustment diagram and depression and tactic more affecting depression. 388 women's university students were given to answer to the maladjustment diagram Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Strategy Questionnaire(ERSQ) and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS). Depression were 48 scores over, selected from among the 388 students. To explore the relation of maladjustment diagram, each emotion condition tactic(cognitive, behavioral, empirical), a correlational analysis was conducted and a regression analysis was conducted. And based on that, a structural equation model was built and the adequacy was verified. The correlational analysis showed static correlation with depression in emotion deficiency, desertion/unrest, distrust/abuse, social isolation/alienation, deficiency/value, failure, risk/disease vulnerability, fusion/immaturity self-sacrifice, emotional depression, and the selection of negative thinking, inactive thinking, blaming others in cognitive emotion control tactics, and the selection of emotion acceptance in behavioral emotion control tactic, and the selection of indulgence and overeating in empirical emotion condition tactic. The regression analysis, showed the selection of emotion deficiency, distrust/abuse, social isolation/alienation, defect value, risk/disease vulnerability as maladjustment diagram variables affecting depression via cognitive emotion control tactics(negative thinking, inactive thinking, blaming others), and that of social isolation/alienation, failure, risk/disease vulnerability as maladjustment diagram variables affecting depression via. Thus structural equation model verification was conducted to confirm the causality affecting depression using these maladjustment diagram variables and each emotion control tactic. The analysis showed that maladjustment diagram affects depression via partial media of cognitive emotion control tactics(negative thinking, inactive thinking, blaming others), and significantly affects depression partial media of empirical emotion control tactics(indulgent activity and overeating) whose adequacy was supported. The causal effect indicated that the route of maladjustment diagram and depression via partial media of cognitive emotion control tactics rather than via empirical emotion control tactics had a higher effect. Regardless of correlation with depression in behavioral emotion condition tactic(emotion acceptance), it showed insignificant result of media effect between maladjustment diagram and behavioral tactic, which was discussed.

뇌졸중 후 우울증 척도 비교

정강재,김덕용,박창일,온석훈,임종엽,곽은희 대한재활의학회 2008 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.32 No.6

Objective: To compare the characteristics between geriatric depression scale (GDS), Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) and post-stroke depression scale (PSDS) in the aspect of diagnosis and severity assessment for post-stroke depression. Method: 45 post-stroke patients were included for this study. Subjects were classified through DSM-IV criteria into three different groups; depression-free, minor depression and major depression. GDS, HDRS, PSDS were also assessed in all subjects simultaneously. Three depression assessment scales were compared between groups based on DSM-IV criteria, and the sensitivity and specificity using cut-off value were analyzed.Results: All scales showed the significant differences between depression group and depression-free group. GDS showed higher sensitivity and specificity than HDRS and PSDS and GDS showed the significant difference between minor depression and no depression group, but other scales did not. HDRS and PSDS in major depression group showed the significant differences compared with minor depression group (p<0.05), but GDS did not. Conclusion: GDS may be more useful to identify the presence of depression compared to GDRS and PSDS. However, to measure the severity of depression, HDRS and PSDS may be more useful than GDS. Objective: To compare the characteristics between geriatric depression scale (GDS), Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) and post-stroke depression scale (PSDS) in the aspect of diagnosis and severity assessment for post-stroke depression. Method: 45 post-stroke patients were included for this study. Subjects were classified through DSM-IV criteria into three different groups; depression-free, minor depression and major depression. GDS, HDRS, PSDS were also assessed in all subjects simultaneously. Three depression assessment scales were compared between groups based on DSM-IV criteria, and the sensitivity and specificity using cut-off value were analyzed.Results: All scales showed the significant differences between depression group and depression-free group. GDS showed higher sensitivity and specificity than HDRS and PSDS and GDS showed the significant difference between minor depression and no depression group, but other scales did not. HDRS and PSDS in major depression group showed the significant differences compared with minor depression group (p<0.05), but GDS did not. Conclusion: GDS may be more useful to identify the presence of depression compared to GDRS and PSDS. However, to measure the severity of depression, HDRS and PSDS may be more useful than GDS.

Psychosocial, Physical, and Autonomic Correlates of Depression in Korean Adults: Results from a County-Based Depression Screening Study

김기원,박선철,김석현,신진호,최보율,Junghyun Nam 대한신경정신의학회 2014 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.11 No.4

Objective We aimed to investigate the prevalence and psychosocial and neurophysiological correlates of depression in a large county-based cohort of Korean adults. Methods We recruited 2355 adults from a rural county-based health promotion program. The following psychometric scales were used: the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) was used to assess depression, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was used to evaluate stress, and the Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) was used to determine perceived social support. Heart rate variability (HRV) was used to assess neurophysiological properties. The psychosocial and neurophysiological variables of adults with depression (CES-D score ≥25) and without depression (CES-D score <25) were statistically compared. A logistic regression model was constructed to identify factors independently associated with depression. Results We estimated that 17.7% of the subjects had depression, which was associated with old age, being female, being single, less religious affiliation, high education, low body mass index (BMI), low levels of aerobic exercise, low social support, and a low HRV triangular index. The explanatory factors of depression included high education, less religious affiliation, low levels of current aerobic exercise, low BMI, and low social support. Conclusion Given the relatively high prevalence of overall depression, subsyndromal depression should also be regarded as an important issue in screening. The independent factors associated with depression suggest that practical psychosocial intervention, including brief psychotherapy, aerobic exercise, and other self-help methods should be considered. In addition, the HRV results suggest that further depression screening accompanied by neurophysiological features would require fine methodological modifications with proactive efforts to prevent depressive symptoms.

Correlation between postpartum depression and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Single center study

( Youngjae Lee ),( Sangwook Yi ),( Dahye Ju ),( Sangsoo Lee ),( Wooseok Sohn ),( Inju Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2015 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.58 No.5

To describe the prevalence and correlates of the postpartum depression and premenstrual dysphoric disorderOne hundred sixty six women were assessed around 10th to 14th days after delivery in Gangneung Asan Hospital, Korea, from September 2011 to March 2012. We checked their risk factors for postpartum depressive disorders using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder was evaluated retrospectively and was defined as having more than 5 of the following 10 symptoms: breast tenderness, bloating, headache, peripheral edema (hand and foot), depressive symptoms, anger, irritability, anxiety, oversensitivity, and exaggerated mood swings.The prevalence rate of postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ≥10 and Beck Depression Inventory ≥10 was 13.9% (23/166). We found statistical differences (P<0.01) between the postpartum depression group and the postpartum non-depression group in smoking history, past history of psychiatric problems, and level of marital satisfaction. The prevalence rate of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was 9% (15/166) and among 23 women in the postpartum depression group, eight were determined to have premenstrual dysphoric disorder, yielding a prevalence rate of 34.8% (8/23). Among 143 women in the postpartum non-depression group, seven were determined to have PMS, yielding a prevalence rate of 4.9% (7/143). A correlation between postpartum depression and PMS was thus found (P<0.01).PMS appears to be associated with postpartum depression. This means that a hormone-related etiology appears to be one risk factor for postpartum depression.

Depression after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review

Wai Kwong Tang,Lisha Wang,George Kwok Chu Wong,Gabor S. Ungvari,Fumihiko Yasuno,Kelvin K.F. Tsoi,Jong S. Kim 대한뇌졸중학회 2020 Journal of stroke Vol.22 No.1

Background and Purpose Depression is common and debilitating illness accompanying many neurological disorders including non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this systematic review was to identify and critically appraise all published studies that have reported the frequency, severity and time course of depression after SAH, the factors associated with its development and the impact of depression on patients’ quality of life after SAH. Methods The PubMed database was searched for studies published in English that recruited at least 40 patients (>18 years old) after SAH who were also diagnosed with depression. Results Altogether 55 studies covering 6,327 patients met study entry criteria. The frequency of depression ranged from 0% to 61.7%, with a weighted proportion of 28.1%. Depression remained common even several years after the index SAH. Depression after SAH was associated with female sex, premorbid depression, anxiety, substance use disorders or any psychiatric disorders, and coping styles. Comorbid cognitive impairment, fatigue, and physical disability also increased the risk of depression. Aneurysmal SAH and infarction may be related to depression as well. Depression reduces the quality of life and life satisfaction in patients after SAH. Conclusions Depression is common after SAH and seems to persist. Further research is needed to clarify its time course and identify the neuroendocrine and neurochemical factors and brain circuits associated with the development of post-SAH depression. Randomized controlled treatment trials targeting SAH-related depression are warranted.

A comparative study on cardiovascular disease risk factors in Korean adults according to clinical depression status

Seo, Yuri,Je, Youjin Elsevier 2018 Psychiatry Research Vol.263 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study was conducted to compare the association between depression and cardiovascular disease risk factors among Korean adults. This study was based on the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2012–2014. Using a multivariable logistic regression model, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 10,359 subjects aged 19–64 years were selected, and 432 subjects (74 men, 358 women) were included in the physician-diagnosed depression group. Several cardiovascular risk factors were associated with higher odds of clinical depression. For men, high waist circumference (≥91.3 cm) and body mass index (≥25.0 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) were significantly associated with increased odds of depression, and high physical activity (≥50 MET h/week) was associated with decreased odds of depression. Men with dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome had 2.43-fold and 2.0-fold higher odds of depression than those without the diseases. For women, current smokers had 2.25-fold higher odds of depression than nonsmokers, and frequent alcohol drinkers (≥4 times/week) also had 2.88-fold higher odds of depression than nondrinkers. Korean adults with clinical depression had a higher prevalence of some risk factors for cardiovascular diseases than those without depression.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> There have been several studies on cardiovascular disease risk factors in relation to depression status. However, there are limited data on the association between depression and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Korean adults, especially for men. </LI> <LI> We investigated whether lifestyle factors, anthropometric and clinical measurements leading to cardiovascular disease were associated with the prevalence of depression in Korean adults, using a large nationally representative sample of Korean population, and confirmed that there are positive associations between depression and several cardiovascular disease risk factors among Korean adults. </LI> <LI> Our findings support early detection and management of depression among people with or at high risk of cardiovascular disease. </LI> <LI> Given the increasing importance of depression in many countries, the cardiovascular disease risk factors should be carefully monitored and adequate lifestyle changes could be advised. </LI> </UL> </P>

도시지역 일부 고등학생들의 우울과 불안에 관한 조사 연구

곽은주,송인순,정용준,조영채 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2003 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.20 No.2

This study has examined the degree of depression and anxiety among high school students in an urban area and then explored the factors influencing their depression and/or anxiety status. Self-administered questionnaires were offered to 2,381 students from ten high schools in Daejon Metropolitan City. The items for investigation included such factors as various characteristics of school and family life, daily life style, and the degree of depression and anxiety. Based on the study results, the following conclusions were made; 1. The distribution according to the depression degree has shown that 61.9% of students were normal, 32.9% of students had mild depression, 5.0% moderate depression, and 0.3% severe depression. As for anxiety, 40.2% of students were normal, while 19.1% were classified as having anxiety and 40.7% borderline anxiety. 2. As regards to the degree of depression and anxiety, it was greater in girls than boys, in 3rd graders than 1st and 2nd graders, and in the groups who have recieved lower grades in studies, who had poor relations with their friends and a low feeling of satisfaction with school life. In particular, concerning various characteristics of family life, the scores of depression and anxiety were higher in the groups whose financial conditions were poor, whose parents' interests were lower, whose degree of satisfaction with their family and school life was lower, than their counterparts. 3. According to their life styles higher scores of depression and anxiety were found in the groups whose sleeping time was inappropriate, whose breakfasts were skipped, who ate daily snacks, who didn't take regular exercises, and who had poor health habits, compared to their counterparts, respectively. 4. As for the correlation between the degree of depression and its associated variables, the higher scores of depression were in positive correlation with the groups who had lower grades in studies, poor relation with their friends, low feeling of satisfaction with school and home life, low parents' interest, poor subjective condition of health, breakfast skipping, lack of regular exercises, and lower indices of health habits. 5. As for anxiety, the higher scores of anxiety were in the positive correlation with the groups with poor relation with their friends, low feeling of satisfaction with school and family life, poor subjective condition of health, lack of regular exercises, and poor health habits. 6. The influential factors on the depression of students were selected such as subjective condition of health, sex, feeling of satisfaction with family and school life, grades in studies, relation with their friends, presence of regular exercises, degree of interest of parents, sleeping time, cigarette smoking and eating breakfast. 7. The influential factors on the anxiety state of students were selected such as subjective condition of health, feeling of satisfaction with family and school life, sex, sleeping time, regular exercises, cigarette smoking, snacking and relations with their friends. The present study results suggest that girls rather than boys, higher graders than lower ones are more vulnerable to anxiety and depression state, and besides, various characteristics of school and family life, and daily life style can be influential on students' emotional states. Therefore, better management of psychological status of students is thought to require a wide variety of measures to modify the influencing factors and to encourage social support.

Depression and PTSD in Pashtun Women in Kandahar, Afghanistan

신성만,김현정,Lina Liw,김성재 한국간호과학회 2009 Asian Nursing Research Vol.3 No.2

Objectives The objectives were (a) to establish prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) in Afghanistan and, (b) to investigate sociodemographic and quality of life variables, which predict depression and PTSD. Methods Translated versions of the Beck Depression Inventory, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and Quality of Life Inventory were administered to 125 Pashtun women in Kandahar, and statistically analyzed. Results Approximately half of the participants showed moderate to severe levels of depression, and more than half of the participants exhibited symptoms of PTSD. Education and income showed significant associations with PTSD symptoms or depression. The way one spends time, general health status, and general feeling towards life predicted low levels of depression and PTSD. Conclusions The high prevalence of depression and PTSD indicate the continuing need for mental health intervention. While education has been found to be a protective factor for mental health in previous studies, the relationship between education and mental health appear to be more complex among Afghan women. Quality of life variables could be further investigated and incorporated into mental health interventions for Afghan women. Objectives The objectives were (a) to establish prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) in Afghanistan and, (b) to investigate sociodemographic and quality of life variables, which predict depression and PTSD. Methods Translated versions of the Beck Depression Inventory, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and Quality of Life Inventory were administered to 125 Pashtun women in Kandahar, and statistically analyzed. Results Approximately half of the participants showed moderate to severe levels of depression, and more than half of the participants exhibited symptoms of PTSD. Education and income showed significant associations with PTSD symptoms or depression. The way one spends time, general health status, and general feeling towards life predicted low levels of depression and PTSD. Conclusions The high prevalence of depression and PTSD indicate the continuing need for mental health intervention. While education has been found to be a protective factor for mental health in previous studies, the relationship between education and mental health appear to be more complex among Afghan women. Quality of life variables could be further investigated and incorporated into mental health interventions for Afghan women.

노인의 수면과 우울과의 관계 연구

김상혜 최신의학사 2000 最新醫學 Vol.43 No.9-10