Waist- to-Height Ratio as a Simple and Useful Indicator for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Korean Women

임현재,서민석,이혜리,심재용,강희택,이용제 대한비만학회 2016 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.25 No.1

Background: It has not been determined which obesity index might be most appropriate to predict nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian populations. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the waist-to-height ratio in assessing patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and to identify the optimal cut-off values useful for predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were conducted in order to assess the accuracy of the waist circumference, body mass index, and waist-to-height ratio for detecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among 616 women aged 20 years or older. To evaluate the optimal value of anthropometric indices, the Youden J-index (sensitivity+specificity-1) was used. Results: The area under the ROC curve of waist-to-height ratio was highest among anthropometric obesity indices as follows: 0.776 (0.731-0.822) for waist circumference, 0.775 (0.728-0.822) for body mass index, and 0.792 (0.748-0.836) for waist-to-height ratio, respectively. Using a waist-to-height ration cut-off value of 0.49, the sensitivity and specificity for detecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were 72.3 % and 74.7%, respectively. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that the waist-to-height ratio may be a better obesity index for identifying individuals at risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean women.

Location of Back-shu Points of the Bladder Meridian in the Lumbar Region through Patient Measurement

심호윤,박상균,이광호 대한침구의학회 2018 대한침구의학회지 Vol.35 No.1

Background The purpose of this study was to compare the first branch of the bladder meridian (FBBM) as determined by the proportional bone measurement method (PBMM), to the line formed by the erector spinae muscle group, and to establish an academic basis for selection of acupuncture points and needling. Methods Sixty participants were divided into 3 groups based on body mass index (BMI) and into 2 groups based on waist/height ratios. The distance from the midline of the spine to the first branch of the bladder meridian with PBMM (DFBBM), and the distance from the midline of the spine to the most elevated fleshy region of the erector spinae (DMEFR), at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous processes of L1- L5, were measured. The DFBBM and the 5 DMEFRs were then analyzed according to BMI and the waist/ height ratio. Results DFBBM was statistically different from DMEFR in all back-shu points in the lumbar region. DFBBM was not significantly different from DMEFR in the groups with a high BMI or waist/height ratio. However, there was a statistical difference in the groups with a low or moderate BMI or low waist/height ratio. Conclusion Since the location of the most elevated fleshy region of the erector spinae does not coincide with the location of the FBBM, the selection of back-shu points in the lumbar region must be performed precisely by PBMM. Background The purpose of this study was to compare the first branch of the bladder meridian (FBBM) as determined by the proportional bone measurement method (PBMM), to the line formed by the erector spinae muscle group, and to establish an academic basis for selection of acupuncture points and needling. Methods Sixty participants were divided into 3 groups based on body mass index (BMI) and into 2 groups based on waist/height ratios. The distance from the midline of the spine to the first branch of the bladder meridian with PBMM (DFBBM), and the distance from the midline of the spine to the most elevated fleshy region of the erector spinae (DMEFR), at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous processes of L1- L5, were measured. The DFBBM and the 5 DMEFRs were then analyzed according to BMI and the waist/ height ratio. Results DFBBM was statistically different from DMEFR in all back-shu points in the lumbar region. DFBBM was not significantly different from DMEFR in the groups with a high BMI or waist/height ratio. However, there was a statistical difference in the groups with a low or moderate BMI or low waist/height ratio. Conclusion Since the location of the most elevated fleshy region of the erector spinae does not coincide with the location of the FBBM, the selection of back-shu points in the lumbar region must be performed precisely by PBMM.

17∼19세의 청소년에서 대사증후군 선별검사로서 허리둘레-신장비의 유용성

김아름,홍창호 대한소아소화기영양학회 2011 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.14 No.4

Purpose: To evaluate the validity and usefulness of the waist circumference-to-height ratio (WHtR) in screening for metabolic syndrome in Korean adolescents aged 17∼19 years. Methods: Data (body mass index, waist circumference, and height) and blood samples were obtained from adolescents in A University Hospital in 2011. This study included 554 adolescents (176 boys and 378 girls) aged 17∼19 years. Dependent variables were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). Using the Pearson’s correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis, we measured the WHtR against Body mass index (BMI). Results: An assessment was carried out of the ability of the 2 indexes to 1) account for the variability in each metabolic risk factor and 2) correctly identify adolescents with metabolic risk factors. The results revealed that the predictive abilities of the waist-to-height ratio index were better values. The waist- to-height ratio showed superior values in predicting concentrations of DBP, FBS, TC, TG and LDL-C. However, BMI showed better values in identifying adolescents with high systolic blood pressure and HDL-C. 3) Normal weight adolescents (BMI: 5th≤BMI<85th percentiles) were divided by WHtR (obesity cutoff value: ≥0.51 in male, ≥0.49 in female). WHtR was better than the BMI index for signaling metabolic risk in the normal-weight adolescents. Conclusion: The WHtR is a better predictor for finding metabolic risk factors in adolescents aged 17∼19 years with normal BMI. The WHtR is proposed as an alternative, convenient measure of screening metabolic syndrome for adolescents aged 17∼19 years independent of age and sex. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14: 385∼392)

초발 뇌경색 환자의 비만지표에 관한 단면적 연구

김형도 ( Hyung Do Kim ),김진아 ( Jin Ah Kim ),박정미 ( Jung Mi Park ) 한방비만학회 2004 한방비만학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Objective : Obesity is an established risk factor for Coronary Heart Disease, but its role as risk factor for Stroke remains controversial. And we examined association between Obesity indices and Stroke cross sectionally. Methods : The subjects were 30 stroke patients admitted in hospital. We measured obesity indices of BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio. Result : There was a significant correlation among BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio. 47% of subjects were obese in BMI and 93% of subjects were obese in waist-to-height ratio. Conclusion : Abdominal obesity measured by waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio may be a better predictor of stroke than BMI.

Compare waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-stature ratio in predicting overweight / obese male students

( Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini ),( Gholam Rasul Mohammad Rahimi ) 대한운동사협회 2017 대한운동사협회 운동사대회자료집 Vol.2017 No.-

일부 지역사회의 정상 체질량지수 여성에서 허리둘레, 허리둘레/신장비와 대사성 위험요인과의 연관성

이영훈 한국모자보건학회 2009 한국모자보건학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Objectives : This study was performed to examine the association between abdominal obesity and metabolic risks in women within the normal body mass index (BMI) range. Methods : The data used for this study were obtained from 507 women with BMI 18.5~24.9 kg/m2, aged 20 to 74 years, who participated in 'Prevalence study of thyroid diseases' in two counties of Jeollanamdo province during July and August of 2004. Height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) were measured by anthropometry, and BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The definition of abdominal obesity was defined using WC (≥85 cm, and ≥80 cm) and WHtR (≥0.5 cm/cm). Metabolic risks included high blood pressure, high fasting glucose, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, and multiple metabolic risks (MMRs; 2 or more of the above 4 conditions). Results : The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 11.8% (WC≥85 cm), 36.3% (WC≥80 cm), and 49.5% (WHtR≥0.5), respectively. Odds ratios adjusted by age, BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical activity (aOR) were significantly higher in women of WC≥85 cm for high blood pressure (1.94), low HDL cholesterol (2.05), and MMRs (2.24). aOR were significantly higher in women of WHtR≥0.5 for low HDL cholesterol (2.00), high triglycerides (2.98), and MMRs (2.22). However, aOR were significantly higher in women of WC≥80 cm for only high triglycerides (2.09). Conclusion : WC and WHtR seems to have a strong association with metabolic risks. Especially, high WC (≥85 cm) and high WHtR (≥0.5) are the most significant predictor of obesity-related metabolic disease. This observation confirms that obtaining anthropometric abdominal obesity indices in addition to the BMI provides important information on a women's health risk.

Serum alanine aminotransferase levels are closely associated with metabolic disturbances in apparently healthy young adolescents independent of obesity

Kim, Ki Eun,Baek, Kyung Suk,Han, Sol,Kim, Jung Hyun,Shin, Youn Ho The Korean Pediatric Society 2019 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.62 No.2

Purpose: Liver metabolism plays a pivotal role in the development of metabolic disorders. We aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory risk factors associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in young adolescents from an urban population in Korea. Methods: A population of 120 apparently healthy adolescents aged 12-13 years was included in the cross-sectional design study; 58 were overweight or obese and 62 were of normal weight. We estimated anthropometric and laboratory measurements, including waist-to-height ratio, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, aspartate aminotransferases (AST), ALT, and lipid profiles. Results: The mean ages of the overweight or obese and normal weight participants were $12.9{\pm}0.3$ and $13.0{\pm}0.3years$, respectively. Height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, AST, ALT, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score were significantly higher and the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index were significantly lower in the overweight/obese participants in comparison to the normal-weight participants (all P<0.05). In multivariate linear regression analysis, waist-to-height ratio, systolic blood pressure, and HOMA-IR score were independently and positively associated with serum ALT levels. Conclusion: Screening for ALT levels in adolescents may help to differentiate those at risk of metabolic abnormalities and thus prevent disease progression at an early age.

Serum alanine aminotransferase levels are closely associated with metabolic disturbances in apparently healthy young adolescents independent of obesity

Ki Eun Kim,Kyung Suk Baek,Sol Han,Jung Hyun Kim,Youn Ho Shin 대한소아청소년과학회 2019 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.62 No.2

Purpose: Liver metabolism plays a pivotal role in the development of metabolic disorders. We aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory risk factors associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in young adolescents from an urban population in Korea. Methods: A population of 120 apparently healthy adolescents aged 12–13 years was included in the cross-sectional design study; 58 were overweight or obese and 62 were of normal weight. We estimated anthropometric and laboratory measurements, including waist-to-height ratio, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, aspartate aminotransferases (AST), ALT, and lipid profiles. Results: The mean ages of the overweight or obese and normal weight participants were 12.9±0.3 and 13.0±0.3 years, respectively. Height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, AST, ALT, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score were significantly higher and the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index were significantly lower in the overweight/obese participants in comparison to the normal-weight participants (all P<0.05). In multivariate linear regression analysis, waist-to-height ratio, systolic blood pressure, and HOMA-IR score were independently and positively associated with serum ALT levels. Conclusion: Screening for ALT levels in adolescents may help to differentiate those at risk of metabolic abnormalities and thus prevent disease progression at an early age.

Location of Back-shu Points of the Bladder Meridian in the Lumbar Region through Patient Measurement

Sim, Ho-Yun,Park, Sang Kyun,Lee, Kwang Ho Korean AcupunctureMoxibustion Medicine Society 2018 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.35 No.1

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the first branch of the bladder meridian (FBBM) as determined by the proportional bone measurement method (PBMM), to the line formed by the erector spinae muscle group, and to establish an academic basis for selection of acupuncture points and needling. Methods: Sixty participants were divided into 3 groups based on body mass index (BMI) and into 2 groups based on waist/height ratios. The distance from the midline of the spine to the first branch of the bladder meridian with PBMM (DFBBM), and the distance from the midline of the spine to the most elevated fleshy region of the erector spinae (DMEFR), at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous processes of L1-L5, were measured. The DFBBM and the 5 DMEFRs were then analyzed according to BMI and the waist/height ratio. Results: DFBBM was statistically different from DMEFR in all back-shu points in the lumbar region. DFBBM was not significantly different from DMEFR in the groups with a high BMI or waist/height ratio. However, there was a statistical difference in the groups with a low or moderate BMI or low waist/height ratio. Conclusion: Since the location of the most elevated fleshy region of the erector spinae does not coincide with the location of the FBBM, the selection of back-shu points in the lumbar region must be performed precisely by PBMM.

Reference Values for Waist Circumference and Waist–Height Ratio in Korean Children and Adolescents

이지은,강성찬,권오빈,황승식,문진수,김재현 대한비만학회 2022 Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome Vol.31 No.3

Background: Abdominal obesity, which is a strong indicator of cardiometabolic risk, is widely evaluated using waist circumference (WC) and waist–height ratio (WHtR). In Korea, the reference values for WC for children and adolescents were published in 2007 and need to be revised. Moreover, there is no reference for WHtR. The aim of this study was to establish new reference values for WC and WHtR in Korean children and adolescents. Methods: Data of 20,033 subjects from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2019) were used. Tables for reference values and the graphs of smoothed percentile curves of WC and WHtR for children and adolescents aged 2–18 years by sex were generated using the LMS method and locally estimated scatterplot smoothing regression analysis after removing extreme values. Results: Sex-specific reference tables and percentile curves for WC and WHtR were developed. In the new WC curves, the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile lines were lower than the corresponding lines of the 2007 reference for both sexes. The WHtR curves showed sex-specific differences, although they demonstrated a relative plateau among those aged ≥10 years in both sexes. In the logistic regression analysis, the WC and WHtR z-scores showed higher odds ratios for predicting cardiometabolic risk factors than the body mass index z-score. Conclusion: New WC and WHtR reference values for Korean children and adolescents aged 2–18 years were developed using the latest statistical methods. These references will help monitor and track WC and WHtR for evaluating abdominal obesity among at-risk children and adolescents in Korea.