Vitamin C 와 Vitamin E 처리가 고급 한우육의 육색 및 지방산화에 미치는 영향

김수민,조영석 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 1996 생명자원과 산업 Vol.1 No.-

저장조건(형광등저장, 암실저장)에 따른 지방산화에 미치는 vitamin C 농도와 vitamin E의 영향을 조사한 결과 암실저장이 저장기간 중 낮은 TBARS값을 나타내었고, 저장조건에 관계없이 vitamin 처리는 지방산화를 억체하는 효과가 있었다. 그러나, vitamin C 1%와 vitamin C 3%의 차이에 따른 저장조건별 TBARS값의 차이는 인정되지 않았다(P<0.05). 그중에서도 vitamin C와 vitamin E를 동시에 처리한구가 저장조건에 관계없이 뛰어난 지방산화 억제능력이 있었다. Vitamin C 함량의 변화에 미치는 형광등저장과 암실저장의 영향을 살펴 본 결과 전반적으로 vitamin C 1%와 3% 처리시 저장기간이 지남에 따라 vitamin C가 감소하는 경향이었는데, vitamin C 3% 처리가 가장 vitamin C 감소율이 높았다. 저장기간 중 저장조건별 vitamin C 농도에 따른 육색 및 풍미의 변화에 미치는 영향을 살펴 본 결과 육색의 밝기는 암실저장의 경우 vitamin C 3%와 1%처리가 저장 5일째까지 가장 밝은 육색을 나타내었으나, 그 이후부터는 육색의 밝기에 큰 차이는 인정되지 않았다(P<0.05). 관능검사 결과 육색의 변화는 저장조건에 관계없이 점차 감소하는 경향이나 저장 1일째까지는 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았다(P<0.05). 그러나, 저장 5일째부터는 대조구보다 vitamin C 처리구가 형광등저장과 암실저장에서 약간 높은 육색유지 효과를 나타내었고(P<0.05), 암실저장의 vitamin C 3% 처리가 10일째까지 가장 좋은 육색을 나타내었다. 한편, 풍미는 저장기간이 지남에 따라 감소하는 경향이나 vitamin C 처리와 농도에 따라서 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. 이상의 결과를 요약하면 vitamin C 처리는 육색유지와 지방산화를 억제하는데 효과가 있었고, 그중에서도 vitamin C와 vitamin E를 동시에 처리한구가 지방산화를 억제하는데 가장 좋은 효과를 나타내었다. 특히, 형광등저장 보다는 암실저장이 육색을 유지하는데 다소 우수한 효과를 나타내었다. The effects of vitamin C concentration and vitamin E on lipid peroxidation and meat color were determined according to storage conditions(fluorescent light and dark room) in korean beef storaged at 5℃. The meat storaged at dark room showed low TBARS value, vitamin C was effective to retard pigment and lipid oxidation, irrespective of storage conditions. However, there were not significantly different between vitamin C 1% and vitamin C 3%, according to storage conditions(P<0.05). Among of them, vitamin C and vitamin E treatment played role as the most powerful antioxidants to reduce lipid oxidation. As storage time goes by, the concentration of vitamin C tended to be decreased gradually and vitamin C 3% had the highest degradation rate. The effect of vitamin C concentration on meat color and meat flavour were determined according to storage conditions. The lightness of meat color treated with vitamin C 1% and vitamin C showed a very high in case of storaged at dark room until 5 days. The redness of meat color had very similar tendancy to the lightness of meat color in case of storaged at dark room until 5 days. After storage for 5 days, there was not significantly different(P<0.05). Sensory test suggested that the change of meat color tended to be decreased gradually, but there was not significantly different during storage at 5℃(P<0.05). However, vitamin C treatment had a slightly higher score in meat color than that of control after storage for 5 days, irrespective of storage conditions(P<0.05). Meat with vitamin C 3% was the most effective to keep meat color during storage for 10 days. And also, meat flavour tended to be decreased during storage at 5℃, but there were not distinct different according to vitamin C concentration.

Clinical utilization of four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate: a retrospective single center study

Zaina Naeem,Salsabeel Allan,Aneury Hernandez,Dennis K Galanakis,Adam J. Singer 대한응급의학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.8 No.2

Objective Four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2013 for management of severely bleeding patients on warfarin therapy. We describe use of 4F-PCC at a large, suburban academic center. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients receiving 4F-PCC from its introduction through 2016 at a large level 1 trauma center. Clinical and demographic data were obtained, including indications for anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents, comorbidities, concomitant medications, etiology and site of bleeding, as well as disposition, length of stay, mortality, and thrombotic events. Results One hundred eighty-four patients received 4F-PCC. Mean age was 72 years; 40.8% were female. Indications for 4F-PCC administration included: active bleeding (74%), reversal prior to a procedure (14%), and elevated international normalized ratio (12%). Warfarin was the most common concomitant medication (71.1%). Most patients were receiving anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation (63%). Concomitant treatments for bleeding included vitamin K (58.2%), packed red blood cells (50%), fresh frozen plasma (38%), and platelets (26.1%), amongst others. Median length of hospital stay was 8.4 days. Nine patients (4.9%) developed thrombosis within 90 days of 4F-PCC. Mortality was 24.5%, with notably higher rates amongst those who received 4F-PCC for off-label indications (19.1% on-label mortality vs. 37.7% off-label mortality on chi-square analysis, P=0.01). Conclusion This study demonstrates that 4F-PCC is being utilized for indications other than the reversal of warfarin-induced coagulopathy. Further investigation is warranted to determine the efficacy and safety of 4F-PCC for these potential indications.

Effects of Vitamin C Supplementation on Plasma and Urinary Vitamin C Concentration in Korean Women

( Jayoung Choi ),( Do-yeon Kim ),( Ryowon Choue ),( Hyunjung Lim ) 한국임상영양학회 2017 Clinical Nutrition Research Vol.6 No.3

Although vitamin C supplements were consumed for health maintenance and fatigue recovery, the effects of high doses of vitamin C supplement remains controversial. Our study performed the effects of 100 mg and 2,000 mg vitamin C supplements on plasma and urinary vitamin C concentration in Korean women. Twenty-four women completed the 4 weeks intervention. Anthropometric data, plasma and urinary vitamin C concentrations, superoxide dismutase activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) level, and fatigue severity scale (FSS) were collected, and the statistical analyses compared between- and within-group findings at pre- and post-intervention. Concentrations of vitamin C in plasma and urinary excretion were significantly increased with 100 mg and 2,000 mg of vitamin C supplementation (p < 0.050). TBARS level was decreased significantly with 2,000 mg of vitamin C supplementation (p < 0.050). In addition, FSS was declined significantly in 100 mg of vitamin C supplementation group (p < 0.050). Our result showed that vitamin C supplementation of either 100 mg or 2,000 mg led to an increase in vitamin C concentrations in plasma and vitamin urinary excretion but not statistically significant among groups. TBARS level was decreased in 2,000 mg and FSS was decreased in 100 mg of vitamin C supplementation in Korean women. We suppose that additional clinical trial is needed to examine the effects of vitamin C supplements for a wide range of doses on plasma and urinary vitamin C concentrations in Korean.

EFFECTS OF DIETARY VITAMIN B₆ LEVELS ON LIPID CONCENTRATION AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN GROWING CHICKS

An, B.K.,Tanaka, K.,Ohtani, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1995 Animal Bioscience Vol.8 No.6

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of various dietary vitamin $B_6$ levels on conversion from linoleic acid to arachidonic acid in various tissues in growing chicks. Growing chicks were fed the purified diet containing 7% safflower oil with different levels of vitamin $B_6$ (0, 4, 8, 40, 80 mg per kg diet) for 14 days. Feed intake and weight gain in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet were markedly depressed. Esterified and free cholesterol concentrations in serum were significantly higher, while the serum triglyceride concentration was significantly lover in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet compared to that fed diets with vitamin $B_6$. The liver triglyceride content was also lower in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet. The liver and serum cholesterol ester fractions in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet showed higher rate of $C_{18:2n6}$ and lower rates of $C_{18:3n6}$, $C_{20:3n6}$ and $C_{20:4n6}$ as compared with vitamin $B_6$ fed groups. In serum phospholipid fraction of chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet, rates of $C_{20:3n6}$ and $C_{20:4n6}$ were markedly lower. As dietary vitamin $B_6$ level was increased, the rate of $C_{20:4n6}$ was slightly increased, although it was statistically not significant. The fatty acid compositions of adipose tissue showed almost the same pattern as those in liver and serum. This result suggests that the desaturation of $C_{18:2n6}$ to $C_{18:3n6}$, elongation to $C_{20:3n6}$ or both steps might be impaired by vitamin $B_6$ deficiency in growing chicks.

The Effects on Exercise Performance and on Blood Ammonia and Lactate Concentrations after 2000M Rowing Performance of Vitamin Supplementation and Training in Rowers

고기준 한국운동영양학회 2004 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.8 No.3

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of 6 weeks vitamin CB complex intake on exercise performance and blood fatigue factors during high-intensity rowing training in male university rowers, with the expectation that exercise performance would be improved by a combination of vitamin C and B complex feeding. A total of 11 male rower were recruited for this study. The subjects were randomly and evenly divided into a supplemented group(SG) and a control group (CG). The supplementation consisted of capsules containing 2,400 mg of vitamin CB complex. Venous blood samples (5cc) were obtained pre-exercise, post-exercise and recovery 30 min with vitamin complex supplementation for 6 weeks. Exercise performance test was performed on 2000 M Single Skull event by Concept II Indoor Rowing Ergometer, and each subject performed 6 hours (AM 3 hours & PM 3 hours/day, 6 days/ wk, 6 weeks) rowing training program in sports complex and rowing fields. Exercise performance after 6 weeks vitamin CB complex intake of supplemented group was fasted significantly in 2000 M rowing ergometer test (p < .05), but there were no significant change of all periods in control group. In blood fatigue factors with 2000 M rowing ergometer test after vitamin CB complex supplementation in rowers for 6 weeks, the concentration of blood ammonia were significantly different (p < .001) with periods (pre-exercise, post-exercise and recovery 30 mn.) in both groups, but not significantly different between supplemented group and control group. In blood fatigue factors with 2000 M rowing ergometer test after vitamin CB complex supplementation in rowers for 6 weeks, the concentration of blood lactate were significantly different (p < .001) with periods (pre-exercise, post-exercise and recovery 30 min.) in both groups, but not significantly different between supplemented group and control group.

The Effects on Exercise Performance and on Blood Ammonia and Lactate Concentrations after 2000M Rowing Performance of Vitamin Supplementation and Training in Rowers

( Ki Jun Ko ) 한국운동영양학회 2004 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.8 No.3

N/A The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of 6 weeks vitamin C·B complex intake on exercise performance and blood fatigue factors during high-intensity rowing training in male university rowers, with the expectation that exercise performance would be improved by a combination of vitamin C and B complex feeding. A total of 11 male rower were recruited for this study. The subjects were randomly and evenly divided into a supplemented group(SG) and a control group (CG). The supplementation consisted of capsules containing 2,400 mg of vitamin C-13 complex. Venous blood samples (5cc) were obtained pre-exercise, post-exercise and recovery 30 min with vitamin complex supplementation for 6 weeks. Exercise performance test was performed on 2000 M Single Skull event by Concept II Indoor Rowing Ergometer, and each subject performed 6 hours (AM 3 hours & PM 3 hours/day, 6 days/ wk, 6 weeks) rowing training program in sports complex and rowing fields. Exercise performance after 6 weeks vitamin C·B complex intake of supplemented group was fasted significantly in 2000 M rowing ergometer test (p<.05), but there were no significant change of all periods in control group. In blood fatigue factors with 2000 M rowing ergometer test after vitamin C·B complex supplementation in rowers for 6 weeks, the concentration of blood ammonia were significantly different (p<.001) with periods (pre-exercise, post-exercise and recovery 30 mn.) in both groups, but not significantly different between supplemented group and control group. In blood fatigue factors with 2000 M rowing ergometer test after vitamin C·B complex supplementation in rowers for 6 weeks, the concentration of blood lactate were significantly different (p<.001) with periods (pre-exercise, post-exercise and recovery 30 min.) in both groups, but not significantly different between supplemented group and control group.

비타민 C의 투여가 납중독된 흰쥐의 혈액 및 장기의 납농도에 미치는 영향

길상희,이일하 中央大學校家庭文化硏究所 1994 가정문화논총 Vol.8 No.-

This study was carried out to observe the effect of vitamin C on lead toxicity in rats. Vitamin C was administered excessively to lead-poisoned rats with two levels(1%, 2%). The Wister strain of 105 male rats, weighing 80 ±4.5g were divided into 3groups and fed 0%, 0.05% and 0.2% of lead acetate solution. After administration of lead for 3 weeks, low and high groups were subdivided into 3 groups each and fed 0%, 1% and 2% of vitamin C solution for 4 weeks. The lead concentration of blood and organs were gradually decreased after cessation of lead administration, and it was obvious with vitamin C treatment. And also, the values for 2% vitamin C groups tend to be lower than the ones for 1% vitamin C groups, especially in high lead intoxicated groups. Therefore, it could be concluded that vitamin C seems to be an effective nutrient for reducing the lead concentration on lead poisoning case and the level of vitamin C administration should be adjusted according to the degree of lead intoxication.

전라도 일부농촌지역 여성 노인의 혈중 비타민 $B_{12}$ 수준에 따른 신체계측치 및 임상건강지표들의 비교

곽충실,조지현,연미영,Kwak, Chung Shil,Cho, Ji Hyun,Yon, Miyong 한국영양학회 2013 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.46 No.3

Subclinical vitamin $B_{12}$ deficiency is common in the elderly worldwide. We investigated the change of serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration with aging and compared anthropometric data and clinical health indicators between normal (${\geq}$ 340 pg/mL) and low (< 340 pg/mL) serum vitamin $B_{12}$ groups in 470 Korean women aged 65 years and over living in a rural area. Serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration showed inverse correlation with age (r = -0.0992, p < 0.05). The normal $B_{12}$ group showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit compared to the low $B_{12}$ group, however, no difference in mean corpuscular volume was observed between the two groups. The normal $B_{12}$ group showed significantly lower serum homocysteine concentration (p < 0.01) and prevalence of vitamin D (p < 0.01) or folate deficiency (p < 0.001). Bone mineral density (T-score) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the normal $B_{12}$ group, compared with that in the low $B_{12}$ group, and showed positive correlation (r = 0.1490, p < 0.01) with serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration after adjusting for age, body weight, and body mass index. No differences in anthropometric data, physical activity, and smoking and drinking habits were observed between the two groups. In conclusion, it could be suggested that older female adults with normal serum vitamin $B_{12}$ level would be less anemic and osteoporotic and more resistant to hyperhomocysteinemia associated chronic diseases than those with low serum vitamin $B_{12}$ level.

Interactive effect of dietary levels of calcium and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 on the performance, serum biochemical concentration and digestibility of laying hens from 61 to 70 weeks of age

Lim Chun Ik,류경선 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.9

Objective: The present research was conducted to evaluate the interactive effect of dietary concentration of calcium (Ca) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25OHD3) on the performance, blood composition and digestibility of laying hens. Methods: A total of 540 Hy-line brown laying hens aged 61 to 70 weeks were randomly allotted in a 3×3 factorial arrangement, consisting of three levels of 25OHD3 (0, 25, and 50 μg/kg) and three levels of Ca (3.5%, 4.0%, and 4.5%). All diets had basal concentration of 3,000 IU/kg of vitamin D3 including the 2,800 kcal/kg of metabolic energy and 16% of crude protein. Results: The results showed that interactive effect (p<0.05) between Ca and 25OHD3 was such that dietary 25OHD3 linearly increased interleukin-6 at all levels of Ca inclusion. Interaction (p<0.05) occurred with the highest parathyroid hormone in laying hens that received dietary concentration of Ca (3.5%) with 25OHD3 (50 μg/kg), and Ca (4.0%) with 25OHD3 (50 μg/kg). Egg production and egg weight significantly (p<0.05) increased in the 4.5% Ca group compared to the 3.5% to 4.0% Ca groups. Egg shell thickness and tibia bone length also increased (p<0.05) in groups fed a high-Ca diet (4.0% to 4.5%). Phosphorus digestibility significantly (p<0.05) increased along with dietary Ca level. Among the tested 25OHD3 groups, higher (p<0.05) egg production and tibia thickness were present in hens fed 50 μg/kg of 25OHD3. Furthermore, Ca digestibility serum Ca and 25OHD3 were significantly increased in group offered 50 μg/kg of 25OHD3. Conclusion: The results gathered in this study indicate that dietary concentrations of 4.0% to 4.5% Ca and 50 μg/kg 25OHD3 improve the performance of hens from 61 to 70 weeks of age. Objective: The present research was conducted to evaluate the interactive effect of dietary concentration of calcium (Ca) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25OHD3) on the performance, blood composition and digestibility of laying hens.Methods: A total of 540 Hy-line brown laying hens aged 61 to 70 weeks were randomly allotted in a 3×3 factorial arrangement, consisting of three levels of 25OHD3 (0, 25, and 50 μg/kg) and three levels of Ca (3.5%, 4.0%, and 4.5%). All diets had basal concentration of 3,000 IU/kg of vitamin D3 including the 2,800 kcal/kg of metabolic energy and 16% of crude protein.Results: The results showed that interactive effect (p<0.05) between Ca and 25OHD3 was such that dietary 25OHD3 linearly increased interleukin-6 at all levels of Ca inclusion. Interaction (p<0.05) occurred with the highest parathyroid hormone in laying hens that received dietary concentration of Ca (3.5%) with 25OHD3 (50 μg/kg), and Ca (4.0%) with 25OHD3 (50 μg/kg). Egg production and egg weight significantly (p<0.05) increased in the 4.5% Ca group compared to the 3.5% to 4.0% Ca groups. Egg shell thickness and tibia bone length also increased (p<0.05) in groups fed a high-Ca diet (4.0% to 4.5%). Phosphorus digestibility significantly (p<0.05) increased along with dietary Ca level. Among the tested 25OHD3 groups, higher (p<0.05) egg production and tibia thickness were present in hens fed 50 μg/kg of 25OHD3. Furthermore, Ca digestibility serum Ca and 25OHD3 were significantly increased in group offered 50 μg/kg of 25OHD3.Conclusion: The results gathered in this study indicate that dietary concentrations of 4.0% to 4.5% Ca and 50 μg/kg 25OHD3 improve the performance of hens from 61 to 70 weeks of age.

Effects of dietary vitamin levels on physiological responses, blood profiles, and reproductive performance in gestating sows

( Jae Hark Jeong ),( Jin Su Hong ),( Tae Hee Han ),( Lin Hu Fang ),( Woo Lim Chung ),( Yoo Yong Kim ) 한국축산학회 2019 한국축산학회지 Vol.61 No.5

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin levels on physiological responses, blood profiles, and reproductive performance in gestating sows. A total of 52 F1 multiparous sows (Yorkshire × Landrace) with an average body weight of 223.5 ± 31.7 kg, an average parity of 6.4 ± 2.7, and an average backfat thickness of 18.5 ± 4.9 mm were divided into four treatment groups considering body weight, backfat thickness, and parity in a completely randomized design with 13 replicates. The treatments were 100% (V1), 300% (V3), 600% (V6) and 900% (V9) of the National Research Council (NRC) Nutrient Requirements of Swine. The gestation diet was formulated based on corn-soybean meal (SBM) and contained 3,265 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg and 12.00% crude protein. During the lactation period, all sows were fed the same commercial lactation diet. There was no significant difference in body weight of gestating sows. However backfat thickness tended to increase when higher levels of vitamins were provided to gestating sows (p < 0.10). When high levels of dietary vitamins were provided, the body weight change of lactating sows increased (p < 0.01). When sows were fed higher levels of vitamins, the feed intake of lactating sows tended to decrease (p = 0.06). There were no treatment differences in the number of total born, born alive, stillbirth piglets, or the body weight of piglets according to different dietary vitamin level. As dietary vitamin level increased, the serum concentration of 25(OH)D₃ in sows at 90 days of gestation linearly increased (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the serum vitamin E level of gestating sows was linearly increased with increasing dietary vitamin level (p < 0.05). The current NRC vitamin requirements are sufficient for gestating sows and higher levels of vitamins in the gestation diet did not show any beneficial effects for gestating and lactating sows.