형사상 검시제도의 개선 방안 연구 - 신고의무자 확장을 중심으로 -

송준섭 경찰대학 치안정책연구소 2024 치안정책연구 Vol.38 No.4

< ABSTRACT > A Study on the Improvement of Postmortem Investigation : Focusing on the expansion of reporting obligations This study was conducted for the purpose of seeking a 'expansion of reporting obligations' so that the subject of postmortem investigation is not omitted to reduce a wrongful death. The doctor issued a death certificate with the opinion of "natural death" on the death certificate, and later the bereaved family reported that there was a suspicion of a crime. Thus, there were cases where the investigation was difficult because of the late reporting. So research is needed for supplementary measures. Among those who carry out continuous and repetitive tasks related to the body, only medical personnel under the 'Medical Service Act' are obligated to report to investigative agencies. In the process of reviewing foreign cases, Funeral Director's reporting obligations and punishment laws were identified in some state laws belonging to the United States, and the death registration officer's reporting obligations were identified in the past legal provisions of the UK's Birth and Registration Act 1953. Referring to this, it was proposed to establish a new provision for reporting obligations to the police when "suspicious of unnatural death" is found in the course of work of "funeral director" in the "Act on Funeral Services" and "person who handles death registration affairs" in the "Act on Registration of Family Relations". In addition, in order to clarify the subject of reporting and postmortem investigation, an attempt was made to re-establish the 'concept on a body of unnatural death'. At each stage of police practice, the mixed state of the terms 'corpse' and 'body of unnatural death' was confirmed through statistics. Therefore, the temporal criterion for concept establishment was based on the time when the occurrence report was recorded in KICS(Korea Information system of Criminal-justice Services). In conclusion, "body of unnatural death" was defined as “the body of a person who died of a factor other than the disease, and a body that has been determined to have died of the disease but is suspected of a crime." And it was proposed to use the term 'unidentified body' for corpses prior to the time of recording in KICS. And it was proposed to include this term in the 'Regulations Concerning Disposition of a Case of Unnatural Death'. It is hoped that this study will help reduce unfair deaths through 'expansion of reporting obligations' and clarify the scope of the 'dead body' subject to postmortem investigation. Key words:body of unnatural death, unidentified body, postmortem investigation, legal system of death reporting, a person with an obligation, funeral director

군내 사망사고 실태분석을 통한 변사체 검시제도의 개선에 관한 연구

길병천,Gil, Byung-Cheon 대한수사과학회 2008 대한수사과학회지 Vol.3 No.1

The necessity for the investigation of death occurred in military services has no differences to the death of civilians. But the death of military service members under the Universal Conscription System in Korea has special considerations because of hard accessibility by the bereaved family and closed environment of the army. The analysis of the death occurred during military service was carried out and the advanced death investigation system to prevent the death was proposed to prevent the declination of fighting spirit and efficiency and also to restore the solid support by the people. The deaths in the period 1995~2006 were 330 persons in 1995, 359 persons in 1996 and were decreased to 135 persons in 2006. The death caused by safety accidents including vehicle accident, drowning, fall were 56% and by military crimes including suicide, arms, homicide were 44%. The numbers of suicides were 108 persons in 1995 and were decreased to 79 persons in 2006. The numbers of suicides were decreased constantly, but the ratio of suicide to death were increased, so the suicide prevention is more important. The autopsy ratio was increased to 51.5% in 2005 and was much higher compared to the ratio for civilians. The main reasons of complaints by the bereaved family were for regaining reputation, death in harness and reinvestigation of death. The proposals for the advanced death investigation system were as follows. The unnatural deaths including the obvious accidental deaths and homicides have to be defined by the rules. The human resources to perform the autopsy can be supported by the forensic pathologists from medical school. The special training and quality assurance programs are needed for the crime scene investigator. To regain the impaired reputation from the suicide and to support the bereaved family has to be discussed by the government.

변사체 발생실태 및 경찰의 현장 초동조치에 관한 설문 분석 - 경북지역을 중심으로 -

조두원,채종민,Cho, Doo-Won,Chae, Jong-Min 대한수사과학회 2006 대한수사과학회지 Vol.1 No.1

The preliminary investigative activities by the police officer play a critical role in identifying the cause of death in unnatural death investigations. The failure to secure the crime scene leads to the destruction of significant evidence, which results in the difficulty or impossibility to identify the cause of death. In order to prevent this jeopardizing crucial evidence, and to identify the level of preliminary investigation on the scene, this research is conducted and analyzed with questionnaires of 300 police first responders and 100 detectives. As a result, it was disclosed that there is a possibility for first responders to fail to ensure scene security, scene observation, and canvass interviews. Besides, when medical personnel have no choice but to contaminate the crime scene in order to save lives, it is necessary for them to take photos and to take proper actions before they enter the scene. The importance of scene-control education cannot be emphasized enough in order to prevent media from entering and destroying the evidence. Through research of actual conditions of unnatural death cases which occurred in Kyongbook Province for last five years, the statistics regarding a few different types of death were analyzed as follows. Evidence that homicide, suicide, accidental death, and disaster deaths have increased year by year. Therefore, it is deemed necessary for the government to take multilateral policies to reduce them, and for police to reinforce their investigative skills. Further, the insufficient number of autopsy facilities and forensic pathologists, only 13% of the deceased (1,237 cases) have had an autopsy conducted to identify the cause of death for last five years. The other, 87.3% (8,496 cases) of the deceased, were handled through simple postmortem examination. The significance of this percentage is that there is still the possibility not revealing the cause of unjust deaths. Therefore, it is necessary to furnish police agency with the reasonable amount of funding for autopsies and maintaining enough forensic pathologists.

검시제도(檢視制度)의 개혁(改革) 방안(方案) - 검시 관여자(檢視 關與者)의 전문성(專門性)을 중심으로 -

서영일,채종민,박희경,Seo, Young-Il,Chae, Jong-Min,Park, Hee-Kyung 대한수사과학회 2006 대한수사과학회지 Vol.1 No.2

The reform necessity of medicolegal death investigation system is continuously issued. The problems from the current death investigation system are discussed, specially on the professionalism of the involved personnel such as policemen, doctors, prosecutors. Death investigation exists not only to prosecute the criminals but also primarily to protect the general public's health, safety, and welfare. The reform proposals of death investigation system are followed as below. Statutes require that the prosecutor be notified of certain deaths. All deaths that may reasonably result from anything other than natural disease should be investigated. A death certificate is a legal document which authenticate a death, therefore it is issued by the doctor. The postmortem examination must be rearranged on the university base and performed by the qualified doctors who are trained at least in pathology. The police officer specified in death investigation and forensic identification should be encouraged to keep doing their special work in many ways.

심장표지물질 간이검사의 급성심장사 법의학적 사후진단 유용성에 관한 연구

임채원 ( Chae-won Lim ),김진각 ( Jin-gak Kim ) 대한임상검사과학회 2017 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.49 No.2

A sudden cardiac death (SCD) is defined as an unnatural sudden death caused by heart disease. To determine the cause of death, observation of the microscopic change in cardiac muscle tissue is suggested, rather than visual postmortem examination. However, this suggestion is time consuming to be applied in the field, is cost-ineffective, and is inconvenient. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand whether temporary inspection used to examine the cardiac marker (Myoglobin, CK-MB, cTn I) in postmortem blood via rapid cardiac triple test kit (which is used by clinics to diagnose patients with acute myocardial infarction) can effectively be utilized for the paragnosis of sudden, unnatural cardiac death. The results of postmortem examination and temporary investigation found that 23 groups (76.7%), among the 30 experimental groups, were assumed to be non-traumatic sudden cardiac deaths, which indicated a positive response (according to comparison with forensic autopsy); 4 groups, among the 10 control groups, were assumed to be cerebrovascular disease, which indicated a negative response; 1 group was assumed to be alcoholic and drug poisoning, indicating a positive response; and 1 group was assumed to be oxygen deficiency due to suffocation, indicating a positive response. Hence, it was found that the level of sensitivity and specificity of cardiac marker`s temporary inspection showed significant result, 76.7% and 80% respectively. Given this, temporary inspection can be effectively used for the paragnosis of sudden cardiac death when the medical history, situation of the site, and postmortem interval are considered together. With the result of precedent research on time of first revelation and extinction in blood, and difference in concentration over time progress according to the characteristic of cardiac marker`s (myoglobin, CK-MB, cTn I) individual material, further research on concentration of cardiac marker per each post time needs to be conducted in order to estimate time science death (which is required to identify the cause of death and investigation).

변사자의 혈액채취와 증거물 유효성

송예은 ( Song Ye-eun ),고준채 ( Ko Jun-chae ),유경진 ( Yu Gyeong-jin ),정재봉 ( Jung Jae-bong ),박현도 ( Park Hyun-do ) 미래융합통섭학회 2023 융합과 통섭 Vol.6 No.1

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to confirm the value of blood collected as proof and review the relationship between the blood collecting by non-medical personnel and the evidence collected through the blood sampler investigation. METHOD Among the 11,176 incident cases put into the SCAS during the year 2017, 455 cases (2.5%) were identified to be from unnatural death in the two selected cities and two provinces for the year 2017. RESULT The number of the unnatural death was the highest in A area (4,578 cases) while the number of blood collection was the highest in B area (172 cases). Among the 455 cases of blood collection, 330 cases (72%) were collected by postmortem doctor, and 111 cases (25%) were collected by the police and the others were 14 cases(3%). In particular, in the D region, only 19 out of 1,875 cases (1.0%) accompanied blood collection, showing the lowest rate among the study sample areas. This is because there was no recognition that there is a need to collect blood at the scene of a criminal case or people avoided blood collection. Therefore there is a possibility that notwithstanding a need to collect blood in the field, it may be ignored. Moreover, in the case of unnatural death, blood can be an important clue, and the evidence linkage should be protected by recording the detail of collected blood. CONCLUSION since postmortem doctor has expert knowledge and skills on medical practice and performs on-site examination and autopsy at the request of the police, it is not legally problematic to conduct blood collection from unnatural death. However, although the coroner or scientific investigator performs the identification and analysis but does not have the qualification or authority to collect blood. Therefore, in order to increase the linkage of evidence for blood collection, it is necessary to increase the number of postmortem doctor so that blood collection can be done by them. However, since postmortem doctor may not be able to attend, it is necessary to provide legal support for the blood sampling by the coroner or scientific investigator.

민간요법으로 사용되는 초오(草烏) 약초 중독사망 사건에 관련한 3가지 사례

정재박,정인남,신강일 한국과학수사학회 2024 과학수사학회지 Vol.18 No.2

초오(草烏)는 우리나라의 들과 산에 자생하는 식물 투구꽃으로 잘 알려져 있다. 초오는 강심, 항염증 및 진통 효과를 나타내지만, 맹독성 성분 아코니틴(Aconitine)을 함유하고 있어 사용 시 주의가 필요하다. 초오는 독성주의 한약재로 한의사의 처방 없이는 구매할 수 없지만, 재래시장이나 야산에서 일반인이쉽게 구할 수 있다. 이로 인하여 약초(초오)에 대한 전문지식 없이 남용되어 아코니틴 중독으로 부정맥, 감각 이상 등을 일으켜 사망에 이르는 사례가 발생하고 있다. 본 연구는 경남지역에서 발생한 초오 중독사망 사건을 분석하여 초오의 위험성을 경고하고, 민간요법으로 사용된 약초로 인한 사망 사건에서 검시상 고려해야 할 중요 사항들을 강조하였다. 특히, 현장 조사의 중요성을 부각시키고, 중독사의 정확한 원인 규명을 위하여 수사관들이 중점적으로 확인해야 할 요소들을 제시하였다 Aconitum, commonly known as monkshood, is a plant native to the fields and mountains of Korea. While Aconitum possesses cardiotonic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties, it also contains the highly toxic compound aconitine, necessitating caution in its use. Although Aconitum is classified as a highly toxic herbal medicine and requires a prescription from a traditional Korean medicine practitioner for purchase, it can still be easily obtained by the general public from local markets or mountains. This has led to cases of aconitine poisoning, resulting in arrhythmias, sensory disturbances, and even death due to the lack of specialized knowledge about the plant. This study analyzes cases of aconitine poisoning fatalities in the Gyeongnam region to highlight the dangers of Aconitum and emphasize critical considerations when conducting autopsies for deaths related to the use of unknown herbal medicines in folk remedies. The importance of thorough on-site investigations is particularly stressed, providing key points for investigators to accurately determine the causes of poisoning deaths.

약사여래 신앙의 현대적 의미와 신앙적 가치 고찰

김정숙(Jung-Suk Kim) 한국콘텐츠학회 2022 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.22 No.6

본 연구는 약사여래 신앙의 현대적 의미와 신앙적 가치를 고찰하는 데 목적을 두었다. 이에 따라 약사여래에 관한 대표적 문헌인 『약사경』을 비롯해 여러 문헌 자료에 기초해 약사여래 신앙에 대한 이론적 배경에 대해 고찰을 하였고, 뒤이어 약사여래 신앙의 2가지 핵심 지향점인 질병의 치유와 횡사의 구제를 종류 및 유형, 방법으로 구분해 분석 틀을 설정한 뒤 내용 분석을 하였다. 본 연구의 결과로서 약사여래 신앙이 갖는 현대적 의미와 신앙적 가치를 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 먼저 약사여래 신앙이 갖는 현대적 의미이다. 약사여래 신앙은 첫째, 질병이 치료가 아닌 치유의 대상이라는 관점 전환을 촉진한다. 둘째, 약사여래 신앙은 질병을 의학적 질환뿐만 아니라 장애로까지 확대하여 치유의 대상으로 삼는다. 셋째, 약사여래 신앙은 마음의 긍정성을 강화하는 수행을 통해 치유를 도모한다. 다음 약사여래 신앙이 갖는 신앙적 가치이다. 약사여래 신앙은 첫째, 신앙적 수용성이 강력하다. 둘째, 약사여래 신앙은 종교와 종파를 뛰어넘어 현대인에게 수용되고 있다는 특징을 갖고 있다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 본 연구는 질병과 횡사 등으로 일상생활 속에서 고통에 시달리고 있는 현대인들의 삶의 질 증진을 위한 제언을 하였다. The purpose of this study was to examine the modern implication and religious value of the Medicine Buddha faith. Accordingly, the theoretical background of Medicine Buddha faith was reviewed based on various literature, including Bhaisajyaguru Sutra, a representative literature on Medicine Buddha, and the two key goals of Medicine Buddha faith were set up and analyzed. As a result of this study, the modern implication and religious value of the Medicine Buddha faith were presented as follows. First of all, it is the modern implication of the Medicine Buddha faith. First, the Medicine Buddha faith promotes a shift in the perspective that disease is the subject of healing, not treatment. Second, the Medicine Buddha faith expands diseases not only to medical diseases but also to disabilities and makes them an object of healing. Third, the Medicine Buddha faith promotes healing through performance that strengthens the positivity of the mind. Next is the religious value of the Medicine Buddha faith. First of all, the Medicine Buddha faith has strong religious acceptance. Second, the Medicine Buddha faith is characterized by being accepted by modern people beyond religion and sect. Based on the results of this study, this study made suggestions to improve the quality of life of modern people suffering from pain in their daily lives due to diseases and unnatural death.

변사사건 현장에서 구급대원과 경찰관의 현장 보존에 관한 인식도 차이

박주영,이난영,박준철,김동자 한국과학수사학회 2024 과학수사학회지 Vol.18 No.2

본 연구는 구급대원과 경찰관의 변사사건 현장 보존에 대한 인식도를 알아보고, 두 집단 사이의 인식 차이를 비교 분석하여 개선 방안을 제안하였다. 연구방법은 경상북도에 근무하는 구급대원 75명과 경찰관 75명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하였으며, 설문항목은 일반적인 특성, 현장 보존에 대한 교육 및필요성, 변사사건 현장의 경험 및 현장 처치, 변사사건 현장 보존실태 및 현장 보존을 위한 제도적 방안으로 구성되었다. 연구 결과, 구급대원과 경찰관 간 변사사건 현장 보존에 대한 교육의 경험과 현장 처치, 변사체 처치, 현장 보존 적절성, 현장 보존실태 분석에 대해 유의한 차이를 나타내어 구급대원과 경찰관의현장 보존에 대한 인식의 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 변사사건 현장을 중심으로 구급대원과 경찰관의 현장 보존에 대한 인식 전환을 위한 현장 보존 교육과정의 개선과 변사사건 현장 공동대응 매뉴얼및 지침 등 제도적인 개선이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the awareness of preserving unnatural death scenes between paramedics and police officers and to propose improvement measures by comparing and analyzing the differences between the two groups. The research method was a survey targeting 75 paramedics and 75 police officers working in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The survey items consisted of general characteristics, education and necessity for scene preservation, experience and treatment of the unnatural death scene, preservation status of the unnatural death scene, and institutional measures for the unnatural death scene preservation. As the results, there was a significant difference between paramedics and police officers in terms of the experience and treatment of the unnatural death scene, treatment of dead bodies, appropriateness of scene preservation, and analysis of scene preservation status. Therefore, it was found that there was a difference in the awareness of on-site preservation between paramedics and police officers. In order to change the awareness of paramedics and police officers about scene preservation, focusing on the unnatural death scene, institutional improvements such as improvement of scene preservation training courses and joint response manuals and practice guidelines for the unnatural death scene are considered necessary.

변사자(變死者) 채혈(採血)에 관한 법률적 고찰

김진영,이도경,이준엽 경찰대학 치안정책연구소 2020 치안정책연구 Vol.34 No.4

While many legal reviews on general forced blood collection, such as drunk driving, have been conducted over the years and many precedents have been produced. the regulations on the blood collection of the deceased are not yet clearly stipulated in Korean medical law. if there are any criminal charges, the blood can only be collected through autopsy and post warrant. However, some private coroners at the scene of death have no post-warrant, no sincerity analysis, reckless issuance of death certificates for die of an illness, the need for emergency blood collection due to changes in blood composition over time, whether or not the blood collection of a deceased person without post-warrant can be collected only by consent of the bereaved family, who is the subject of the blood collection, and whether it is a medical act of collecting blood at the scene. The above are being discussed a lot, but the reality is that there are no laws or rules that are clearly. we will review legal issues concerning general forced blood collection, major countries' precedents, and present legal reviews and directions to proceed with, especially in the case of internal cause unnatural death without criminal charges 음주운전 등 일반적인 강제채혈에 관한 법률적 검토는 수년간 많이 이루어졌고 판례도 많이 생성되어 있다. 하지만, 변사자(變死者) 채혈(採血)에 대한 규정은 우리나라 법률에는 정확히 명시되어 있지 않은 채 범죄혐의점이 있는 경우, 부검 및 사후영장을 통하여 채혈을 할 수 있을 뿐이다. 범죄혐의점의 유무를 판단하는 변사(變死) 현장에서 일부 사설 검안의들은 사인 규명을 위해 무분별한 채혈 및 검체채취를 하는 경우가 있는데, 대부분의 경우가 사후영장 및 유가족에 대한 설명과 동의 없이 행하여지고 있다. 이런 채혈 과정이 큰 문제가 없다고 생각되어질 수 있으나 재판 등 문제해결과정에서의 사실의 인정은 증거능력이 있는 증거에 의하여야 한다는 증거재판주의를 생각해보면 고민해 보아야 할 문제가 많다. 시간경과에 따른 혈액성분의 변화로 인한 긴급채혈의 필요성, 의사표현이 불가능한 변사자의 경우 사인규명을 위해 사후 영장 없이 유가족 동의만으로 채혈의 가능여부, 채혈의 주체, 변사현장에서의 채혈이 의료행위인지 증거수집행위인지에 대한 판단, 범죄혐의점이 없어 부검의 필요성은 낮지만 번개탄·농약·약물 등 특정 성분이 활용된 사망의 경우 성분 및 체내농도 확인을 위해 유가족 또는 담당 형사의 동의만으로 영장 없는 채혈의 가능여부 등 변사자 채혈에 관한 많은 논쟁들이 그 예이다. 하지만, 이를 명확히 설명해 놓은 규정이나 법률, 규칙, 판례가 없는 것이 현실이다. 이에 강제 채혈에 관한 일반적인 법적 논점 및 주요국의 판례를 검토해 보고, 우리나라에서는 명확히 정립되어 있지 않은 변사자 채혈에 대하여 법률적 고찰 후 나아가야 할 방향을 제시해 보고자 한다.