Syntactic Linearity as a Strategy in Simultaneous Interpreting : A Case Study on English-Chinese Interpretation

Canzhong Wu,Zhongwei Song,Yi Chen 이화여자대학교 통역번역연구소 2015 T&I review Vol.5 No.-

This study has assessed whether syntactic linearity can be used as one of SI strategies from a linguistic perspective. Using Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) as the linguistic framework, the study analyses the thematic choices of Obama’s speech made in his visit to China and its simultaneous interpretation by three interpreters and focuses on the analytic unit of clause being grammatically correlated to the “unit of meaning” in the TL. The findings show that most of the Themes in English text are preserved in Chinese. Furthermore, the textual and topical elements of Theme in English are more influential than the interpersonal Theme for the interpreters to decide whether a Theme should be retained or changed in facilitating syntactic linearity in SI. The assessment result seems to support that syntactic linearity could be used as a strategy for SI training together with other coping strategies.

Children's Syntactic Knowledge of English Derivational Morphology: Evidence from Early Suffixes

전종섭 한국언어학회 2011 언어 Vol.36 No.4

Jun, Jong Sup. 2011. Children's Syntactic Knowledge of English Derivational Morphology: Evidence from Early Suffixes. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 36-4, 1053-1073. Previous studies on the acquisition of English derivational morphology suggest that children acquire the syntactic knowledge of derivational morphemes after Grade 4 in elementary school; that is, children do not learn the parts of speech (POS) change between a root and its affixed form (e.g. drive  driver) until they become nine years old. On the contrary, the present study explores preschool children's knowledge of English derivational morphology, and shows that children have some syntactic knowledge at age 3-5. The evidence comes from English-speaking children's use of so called early suffixes, i.e. -er/or, -ie, and -y. We extracted preschool children's derivatives from the HSLLD corpus (Dickinson & Tabors, 2001) in the CHILDES database (MacWhinney & Snow, 1985). We then cross-classified the words in terms of children's age, the semantic transparency, the POS change, and the suffix type. The log-linear regression analysis shows that preschool children use derivational suffixes following the generalization that is sensitive to the POS of the derived words. This finding supports the view that children have the implicit syntactic knowledge of derivational morphology during the preschool years. (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

의미는 어떻게 수치화될 수 있는가?-언어의 선조성과 구조성을 반영한 언어 모델의 개발을 위하여-

신서인 한국어의미학회 2023 한국어 의미학 Vol.82 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to introduce various attempts to quantify meaning, review their significance, and then find ways to supplement methods to quantify meaning. Until now, meaning has been quantified based on the word frequency in the document and the word frequency of search words and their collocates. The former is a method that does not consider the order of appearance of words, and the latter considers only adjacent words. To elaborate the quantification of meaning, efforts are needed to reduce the importance of relationships between adjacent but syntactically unrelated words and to pay attention to relationships between distant but syntactically related words. If meaning is quantified in this way, vectorization of words or sentences can become more sophisticated, and based on this, more efficient language models can be developed.

Using Collective Nouns by Korean Learners of English : A Generalized Linear Model with R

Kim, Euhee 한국중앙영어영문학회 2014 영어영문학연구 Vol.56 No.3

This paper examines the use of collective nouns by Korean learners of English (KLsE). Collective nouns are generally known to induce verb and pronoun agreement. It has often been noted that BrE and AmE differ in verb agreement with collective nouns, but as Levin (2001) shows, both dialects in fact prefer singular verb agreement, whereas they prefer plural pronoun agreement. Beginning with this general pattern of collective nouns for native speakers, we have employed (the two sets of) the questionnaire and the Generalized Linear Model-based statistical analysis to delve into the use of collective nouns by KLsE. The result of the questionnaire reveals that KLsE use verb and pronoun agreement with collective nouns in the similar fashion as native speakers of English. They also tend toward singular verb agreement and plural pronoun agreement. However, there was no interaction found between the former and the latter, which renders compelling evidence in favor of the thesis that verb agreement is differentiated from pronoun agreement: in other words, the former is a syntactic process, whereas the latter is a notional or semantic one.

한-중 동시통역 시 예측의 표지와 활용 가능성 분석

이정순 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 2014 통번역학연구 Vol.18 No.2

Simultaneous interpretation (SI) is a 'time-saving' mode of interpretation. Viewed from interpreter's perspective, however, simultaneous interpretation is a complex undertaking where listening, speaking and memorizing should take place simultaneously under strict time constraints. In case of a language combination in which Language Typology are markedly different, interpreters work under considerable pressure of having to memorize larger amount of source text information, and process more information accordingly. Pressure is particularly high when simultaneously interpreting between languages that are structurally different in terms of word order-SOV vs. SVO- or information sequencing structure such as location of adnominal phrases and key words. To cope with these difficulties, the author of this paper suggests that anticipation method under the principle of syntactic linearity play more prominent role. The author then moves on to differentiate 'topic anticipation' and 'language anticipation,' classify cues which can trigger anticipation in the process of SI, and see if the cues can be employed by analyzing actual speech scripts.

선형 혼합 모형을 통해 살펴본 쓰기 능력의 장기적인 발전 양상 탐색

이영주 국제문화기술진흥원 2022 The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technolo Vol.8 No.2

본 연구는 선형 혼합 모형을 활용하여 쓰기 능력이 장기적으로 어떻게 발전되어 가는지를 통사적 복잡성 (syntactic complexity) 측면에서 4명의 사례 연구자들이 작성한 에세이를 활용하여 분석하였다. 사례 연구자들은 자 발적으로 Criterion 이라는 자동 쓰기 평가 프로그램의 피드백을 받아 초안과 수정본을 교실 밖에서 매달 한 개 씩 일 년 동안 작성했다. 총 48개 초안 에세이가 본 연구의 분석 대상이고, 통사적 복잡성은 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer의 14개 지표 중에서 추출하여 분석하였다. 선형 혼합 모형 분석 결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 시간과 T-unit의 평균길이 간에는 통계적으로 유의미한 선형 관계가 있었으며, 이는 연구 참여자들이 시간이 지날수록 길이 가 긴 T-uni을 포함한 에세이를 작성했음을 보여준다. 또한 시간과 의존절과 독립절 간의 비율 간에도 통계적으로 유의미한 선형 관계가 있었는데, 이는 연구 참여자들이 일 년 동안 높은 비율의 의존절이 포함된 에세이를 작성했음 을 시사한다. This study investigates longitudinal writing development in terms of syntactic complexity using linear mixed effects (LME) model. This study employs essays written by four case study participants. Participants voluntarily wrote essays outside of the classroom and submitted the first and second drafts, after reflecting on the automated writing evaluation feedback (i.e., Criterion) every month over one year. A total of 48 first drafts were analyzed and syntactic complexity features were selected from Syntactic Complexity Analyzer. Results of LME showed that there was a significant positive linear relationship between time and mean length of T-unit and also between time and the ratio of dependent clauses to independent clauses, indicating that case study participants wrote longer T-units and also a higher proportion of dependent clauses over one year.

Children's Syntactic Knowledge of English Derivational Morphology : Evidence from Early Suffixes

Jong Sup Jun 한국언어학회 2011 언어 Vol.36 No.4

Sequential vs. Simultaneous Processing of Collective Nouns by Korean Learners of English

Eu Hee Kim,Myung Kwan Park 언어과학회 2014 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.70

Collective nouns in English can trigger both subject-verb and (reflexive) pronoun number agreement. It has often been reported that as for native speakers of English, collective nouns tend to induce singular subject-verb agreement and plural pronoun agreement (cf. Levin (2001)). Based on these distinct agreement phenomena, it has been argued that the first subject-verb agreement is a syntactic process, whereas the second pronoun agreement is a notional or semantic process (ibid.). This paper examines how Korean learners of English (KLsE) understand the divergent patterns of number markings on verbs and pronouns both in sequential contexts where subject-verb and pronoun agreement occur in two separate sentences, and simultaneous contexts where they occur in the same sentence. We propose a log- linear regression analysis with R on a set of data extracted from the questionaries which gives a perspective to investigate the research questions in this paper by proving a model that is statistically valid. It is concluded that a model of three-way interactions among the factors such as pronoun, verb, and context with all the collective nouns provides an optimal way to explain the distribution of the data. Specifically, this paper shows that KLsE processed the two different contexts distinctly. There was no interaction found between subject-verb and pronoun agreement in the sequential contexts, but there was in the simultaneous contexts. This confirms that subject-verb and pronoun agreement are discrete processes, but they may interact in a certain context.

한-중 동시통역의 효율 제고 방안 연구: 분절하기와 의미단위 최소화를 중심으로

이정순 한국통번역교육학회 2014 통번역교육연구 Vol.12 No.1

This study proposes the use of segmentation and minimization of sense unit during Korean to Chinese simultaneous interpretation, as a method to minimize EVS, increase synchronicity, and thereby enhance the overall efficiency of interpreting. Unlike China and the West where much researches were conducted on segmentation, the topic has not yet attracted much attention within Korea. This study explores effective ways to interpret from Korean to Chinese in consideration of SOV and SVO structures of Korean and Chinese and different information structures, and suggests switching Korean noun phrases into Chinese verb phrases to effectively improve synchronicity. For instance, if a translator reduces the sense unit of Korean ST to a noun phrase level and switch it to a verb phrase in Chinese TT, the interpreter can immediately switch Korean ST to Chinese TT without the need to wait until verb appears in ST. This enables the interpreter to deliver a truly concurrent translation while adhering to the economy principle of simultaneous translation.

Sequential vs. Simultaneous Processing of Collective Nouns by Korean Learners of English: A Log-linear Analysis with R

김유희,박명관 언어과학회 2014 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.70

Collective nouns in English can trigger both subject-verb and (reflexive) pronoun number agreement. It has often been reported that as for native speakers of English, collective nouns tend to induce singular subject-verb agreement and plural pronoun agreement (cf. Levin (2001)). Based on these distinct agreement phenomena, it has been argued that the first subject-verb agreement is a syntactic process, whereas the second pronoun agreement is a notional or semantic process (ibid.). This paper examines how Korean learners of English (KLsE) understand the divergent patterns of number markings on verbs and pronouns both in sequential contexts where subject-verb and pronoun agreement occur in two separate sentences, and simultaneous contexts where they occur in the same sentence. We propose a log- linear regression analysis with R on a set of data extracted from the questionaries which gives a perspective to investigate the research questions in this paper by proving a model that is statistically valid. It is concluded that a model of three-way interactions among the factors such as pronoun, verb, and context with all the collective nouns provides an optimal way to explain the distribution of the data. Specifically, this paper shows that KLsE processed the two different contexts distinctly. There was no interaction found between subject-verb and pronoun agreement in the sequential contexts, but there was in the simultaneous contexts. This confirms that subject-verb and pronoun agreement are discrete processes, but they may interact in a certain context.