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자동화 수동 변속기의 레인지 파트 싱크로나이저 체결 메커니즘에 관한 연구
이원호(Wonho Lee),장시열(Siyoul Jang) 한국자동차공학회 2021 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.6
자동화 수동 변속기(AMT: Automated Manual Transmission)는 수동변속기의 높은 효율과 자동변속기의 편의성을 모두 챙긴 시스템이다. 본 연구에 사용된 12속 AMT는 크게 Splitter, Main, Range 3개의 영역으로 구분되며, 이 중 Splitter Part와 Range Part에 Synchronizer 가 존재한다. Synchronizer의 체결 거동 특성은 변속 품질과 관계가 있기 때문에 관련 연구를 진행하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 Range Part의 Synchronizer를 3차원 CAD 모델링 하였고, 상용 다물체 동역학 소프트웨어인 RecurDyn을 통해 Synchronizer의 체결 거동에 대한 해석을 진행하였다. 해석은 액추에이터의 작동과 Gear Cone 각도, 마찰계수 등 작동 조건을 변경시켜가며 진행하였고, 이에 따른 속도 동기화 시간, 마찰 토크, 응력 등 체결 거동의 결과를 비교 분석하였다.
Esterel에서 동기장치 중복사용 문제 검출시 과잉 경보 줄이기
윤정한(Jeong-Han Yun),김철주(Chul-Joo Kim),김성건(Seonggun Kim),한태숙(Taisook Han) 한국정보과학회 2010 정보과학회논문지 : 소프트웨어 및 응용 Vol.37 No.8
Esterel이라는 절차형(imperative) 동기(synchronous) 언어로부터 회로를 합성(synthesis)할때, 하나의 동기장치(synchronizer)가 한 클럭에 중복사용되는 문제(schizophrenic parallel synchronizer)가 발생할 수 있다. 기존 컴파일러는 동기장치가 중복사용될 경우 동기장치를 복제하여 이 문제를 해결하고 있다. 본 논문은 동기장치가 중복사용되더라도 회로상/기능상 문제가 없는 조건을 제시하고, 이를 기반으로 소스코드를 분석하여 복제해야만 하는 동기장치를 찾아주는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이 알고리즘은 컴파일러가 중복사용되는 동기장치들 중에서 꼭 복제해야만 하는 것을 알 수 있게 해 주어, Esterel 프로그램을 좀 더 작은 회로로 합성할 수 있도록 한다. Esterel is an imperative synchronous language well-adapted to control-intensive systems. When an Esterel program is translated to a circuit, the synchronizer of a parallel statement may be executed more than once in a clock; the synchronizer is called schizophrenic. Existing compilers cure the problems of schizophrenic parallel synchronizers using logic duplications. This paper proposes the conditions under which a synchronizer causes no problem in circuits when it is executed more than once in a clock. In addition we design a detection algorithm based on those conditions. Our algorithm detects schizophrenic parallel synchronizers that have to be duplicated in Esterel source codes so that compilers can save the size of synthesized circuits.
5단 수동변속기의 후진변속장치 싱크로나이저 적용에 대한 고찰
배동영(Dongyoung Bae),윤상목(Sangmok Yoon),장성식(Seongsik Jang),신남선(Namsun Shin) 한국자동차공학회 2012 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2012 No.11
This paper presented application of full reverse synchronizer system to the current 5 speed transmission without package change. There are three kinds of reverse shifting systems: non brake system, semi synchronizer system and full synchronizer system. The last two types, semi-synchronizer and full synchronizer systems, are used to prevent clashing and grinding noise when shifting to reverse gear. This paper explained the merits and demerits of applying full reverse synchronizer system by comparing the system with other two types of synchronizer systems, non brake and semi synchronizer systems. Components and layout of the three systems were also described. A case example of applying full synchronizer system without package impact was provided and points to be considered were suggested when applying reverse full synchronizer system.
FAILURE ANALYSIS OF A BRASS SYNCHRONIZER RING IN THE GEARBOX OF VEHICLE
Gao Hongchen,Xue Song,Renyi Zhang,Peng Yi,Zheng Lixuan 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.2
Synchronizers are the heart for vehicles. The reliability of synchronizer ring in the gearbox affects the operation of the entire systems of vehicles. In this paper, a pre-failure of synchronizer ring made of brass was investigated. Macro and micro analysis, chemical composition analysis, mechanical property test and finite element method were conducted on the synchronizer ring. The analysis results showed that the content of element in the micro area of the outer ring exceeded the standard, which caused the increases of hardness and brittleness of material. The resisting crack propagation ability of material was reduced due to the element segregation. It was concluded that the synchronizer ring was fractured due to the high hardness and brittleness of material, combined with the stress concentration. Finally, countermeasures were proposed to address similar problems.
Advanced Synchronization Check Method Using Hilbert Transform-Based Voltage Envelope Analysis
Yoo Je-Ho,Cho Soo-Hwan 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.6
When connecting a generator to a power system in operation, it is important to synchronize the two systems. If the two systems are not exactly synchronized, it causes some instantaneous disturbances that may lead to instability or damage to both systems. In the past, the generator voltage was manually adjusted by an operator to match the system voltage. However, with the use of an auto-synchronizer (Device 25A) and a sync-check relay (Device 25), the synchronization procedure can be performed automatically. The auto-synchronizer controls the generator’s excitation system and speed governor. And the sync-check relay checks the synchronization conditions and sends an electric signal in order to connect the generator to the power system. For safe and faultless synchronizations, the algorithms used for auto-synchronizers and sync-check relays are very important. This paper is written to propose an advanced sync-check method used for Device 25 based on a voltage envelope analysis using Hilbert transform.
수동 변속기용 카본 마찰재 싱크로나이져 링의 개발 및 적용
장성식(Seongsik Jang),이창호(Changho Lee),신남선(Namsun Shin),조홍상(Hongsang Cho),유광석(Kwangsuk You) 한국자동차공학회 2009 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.4
Various friction materials are used in synchronizer rings of manual transmissions. Stable characteristics of friction material has been required in terms of shift feeling and durability that are important requirements for customer satisfaction. Durability and higher μ of carbon are superior to other friction materials used for this application. Basically, synchronizer ring with friction lining is made of base material for the ring, which can be brass, steel or powdered metal. Friction lining can be made from carbon, paper, Mo etc. Carbon lined brass synchronizer ring has been developed and introduced into our SUV and passenger cars for global markets. Test data showed significant improvement of durability, consistent friction coefficient over the durability test period.
차상엽(Cha Sang Yeob),양시원(Yang Si Won) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2003 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.37 No.-
Synchronizer ring performance is strictly required in order to extend manual transmission oil drain interval. Zn type additive, which is used as dispersant and anti-wear additive instead of SP additives in manual transmission oil. is applied to improve Synchronizing function and durability. But only Zn type additive is not suitable for high torque transmission because it has not good extreme pressure characteristics. We research on the synchronizer friction and extreme pressure properties in according to change additive types. As a result. it was found that the use of non-active extreme pressure and friction modifier additives has benefit in the improvement of synchronizer friction characteristics and durability.
TEO&DESA를 활용한 Auto-synchronizer의 전압 파라미터 측정에 관한 연구
신훈철(Hoon-Chul Shin),한수경(Soo-Kyeong Han),유준수(Joon-Soo Lyu),조수환(Soo-Hwan Cho) 대한전기학회 2018 전기학회논문지 Vol.67 No.7
The Auto-synchronizer is essential equipment for synchronizing a generator to the power system. It is performing that measurement of the magnitude, frequency and phase of the voltage signal of the power system and generator. It is important to select the appropriate measurement algorithm for preventing various problem such as mechanical stress and Electrical problem. Teager Energy Operator(TEO) and Discrete separation algorithm(DESA) is measurable the instantaneous parameters of a sine wave using 5 samples and can be measured at a fast and with a simple operation. Therefore it has many advantages in measuring the parameters. In this paper, it confirmed measurement results using matlab simulations when there are synchronized in order of frequency, magnitude. Also it presented methods using digital filters and sample intervals to improve accuracy.
Jun Zhao,Shan-Ming Luo,Feng-Qiang Li,Chen-Bing Xu 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.7
Failure analysis shows that increased die temperature caused by severe plastic deformation of material and heat conduction between hot billet and cavity significantly affects the distortion of gear cavity in steel synchronizer ring forging process. The forging process of steel synchronizer ring and die temperature distribution under different forging conditions are analyzed through finite element method. Simulation results show that severe plastic deformation occurs in the gear cavity. The improvement of lubrication condition results in decreased die temperature. When the initial billet temperature is high, the die temperature is also high. Increasing forging speed in a certain range facilitates the die temperature decrease. The distribution of die temperature in synthetic forming technology is more reasonable than that of one step forging. The synthetic forming technology is adopted in production to reduce the effects of severe plastic deformation caused by die temperature. The ejection mechanism and control system of the double disc friction press are improved to reduce the contact time between the hot billet and cavity. Experimental results show that synthetic forming technology is reasonable, and that the die service life is prolonged.
Low Complexity Synchronizer Using Common Autocorrelator for DVB-S2 System
Park, Jang-Woong,SunWoo, Myung-Hoon,Kim, Pan-Soo,Chang, Dae-Ig The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2009 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.9 No.4
This paper presents an efficient synchronizer architecture using a common autocorrelator for Digital Video Broadcasting via Satellite, Second generation (DVB-S2). To achieve the required performance under the worst channel condition and to implement the efficient H/W resource utilization of functional synchronization blocks, we propose a new efficient common autocorrelator structure. The proposed architecture can decrease about 92% of multipliers and 81% of adders compared with the direct implementation. Moreover, the proposed architecture has been thoroughly verified in XilinxTM Virtex IV and R&STM SFU (Signaling and Formatting Unit) broad-cast test equipment.