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Geun-Won Bae(배근원),Sue-Jeong Jin(진수정),Jin-Won Lee(이진원),Jeong-Chil Yoo(유정칠) 한국조류학회 2020 한국조류학회지 Vol.27 No.2
정자의 형태는 다양한 생태적, 계통적 요인 그리고 성 선택에 대응하여 진화해왔다. 뻐꾸기(Cuculus canorus)와 같은 탁란 조류는 양육 없이 긴 산란기를 갖기 때문에 교미 횟수에 대한 암수 간 갈등이 크고 짝짓기 형태가 불안정하며, 그로 인해 정자의 형태 진화에 영향을 주는 성 선택압과 정자 경쟁의 강도가 커질 수 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 아직까지 탁란 조류의 정자 형태에 대해서 자세히 알려진 바가 없다. 본 연구에서는, 뻐꾸기와 벙어리뻐꾸기(Cuculus optatus)를 포획하여 정액을 채취하였고 광학현미경과 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 그들의 정자 형태를 최초로 관찰하였다. 또한, 문헌과 온라인 데이터베이스에서 수집한 120여 종의 조류 정자 길이 데이터 분석을 통해 연구 대상종의 정자의 길이와 몸무게 사이의 상대 성장 관계를 확인하였다. 관찰 결과, 뻐꾸기와 벙어리뻐꾸기의 정자는 모두 뾰족한 첨체와 좁은 머리, 유연한 꼬리를 갖는 ‘sauropsid-type’으로 분류될 수 있었으며, 정자의 평균 총 길이는 뻐꾸기가 64.0±6.1 μm, 벙어리 뻐꾸기가 61.4±3.9 μm 였다. 상대 성장 분석 결과, 그들의 정자 길이가 몸무게에서 예상되는 길이에서 크게 벗어나지 않았다. 결론적으로, 뻐꾸기와 벙어리뻐꾸기의 정자가 강한 성 선택압에 의해 매우 발달했을 것이라는 최초의 예상과 달리, 오히려 비참새목에서 일반적으로 볼 수 있는 형태와 길이를 가진 것으로 나타났다. 이는 어쩌면 그들이 강한 정자 경쟁을 겪지 않았거나, 또는 정자의 수, 운동성 그리고 생존력과 같은 다른 정자의 표현 형질이 발달되었을 가능성을 내포한다. 탁란이라는 특이한 번식 전략이 정자의 진화에 미치는 영향에 대해 이해하기 위해서는 이에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다. Sperm morphology has evolved in response to various ecological and phylogenetic factors, and sexual selection. Avian brood parasites such as cuckoos belonging to the genus Cuculus are assumed to experience extreme sexual conflict over mating rates and strong sexual selection due to their variable mating system without parental care, resulting in strong sperm competition; however, little is known about their sperm morphology. In this study, we determined the morphology (size and shape) of sperm collected from two wild-captured Cuculus cuckoos: the common cuckoo C. canorus and the oriental cuckoo C. optatus. We also conducted the comparative analysis of the sperm morphology of 120 other bird species to determine the allometric relationship between their sperm length and body mass. Our observation showed that the sperm of common and oriental cuckoos could be classified as ‘sauropsid-type’, representing pointed acrosome, narrow head and moderately long tails and overall sperm size was 64.0±6.1 μm for common cuckoos and 61.4±3.9 μm for oriental cuckoos. Allometric relationships showed that their sperm size was close to the expectation from their body mass. In conclusion, the sperm of common and oriental cuckoos have an ordinary head shape observed frequently in other non-passerine birds with moderate total length. Further studies on other sperm phenotypes such as number, motility and viability are necessary to elucidate how brood parasitism influence sperm evolution in birds.
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Lee, Heon-Joo,Kim, Ja-Kyeong,Kim, Il-Hun,Koo, Kyo-Sung,Park, Jaejin,Kwon, Se-Ra,Park, Daesik The Ecological Society of Korea 2015 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.38 No.4
Characteristics of snake reproductive organs that are relatively less affected by external environmental conditions can be used as an important means of classification; additionally, such characteristics can provide useful information on a species' reproductive system. In this study, we compared the testis weights, hemipenis lengths and retractor muscle lengths of male Oocatochus rufodorsatus and Rhabdophis tigrinus in Colubridae and Gloydius saxatilis, G. brevicaudus and G. ussuriensis in Viperidae. The snake snout-vent lengths (SVLs) were positively related to the three reproductive organ sizes, but the body weight only exhibited a positive relationship with the testis weight. The three organs did not significantly differ on the left and right sides. The relative testis weights and retractor muscle lengths (divided by the body weight and SVL, respectively) of the Colubridae snakes were greater than for the Viperidae snakes, but the relative hemipenis lengths (divided by SVL) did not differ between the two groups. The relative testis weight of G. saxatilis and the relative retractor muscle lengths of the Viperidae snakes were smaller compared with the Colubridae snakes. The relative hemipenis length of O. rufodorsatus was greater than for R. tigrinus, G. saxatilis and G. brevicaudus. Additional comparisons were not significant. Our results may facilitate further studies on hemipenial morphology and mating competition in Korean snakes. This is the first study on Korean snake reproductive organs.
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이헌주,김자경,Il-Hun Kim,구교성,박재진,Se-Ra Kwon,박대식 한국생태학회 2015 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.38 No.4
Characteristics of snake reproductive organs that are relatively less affected by external environmental conditions can be used as an important means of classification; additionally, such characteristics can provide useful information on a species’ reproductive system. In this study, we compared the testis weights, hemipenis lengths and retractor muscle lengths of male Oocatochus rufodorsatus and Rhabdophis tigrinus in Colubridae and Gloydius saxatilis, G. brevicaudus and G. ussuriensis in Viperidae. The snake snout-vent lengths (SVLs) were positively related to the three reproductive organ sizes, but the body weight only exhibited a positive relationship with the testis weight. The three organs did not significantly differ on the left and right sides. The relative testis weights and retractor muscle lengths (divided by the body weight and SVL, respectively) of the Colubridae snakes were greater than for the Viperidae snakes, but the relative hemipenis lengths (divided by SVL) did not differ between the two groups. The relative testis weight of G. saxatilis and the relative retractor muscle lengths of the Viperidae snakes were smaller compared with the Colubridae snakes. The relative hemipenis length of O. rufodorsatus was greater than for R. tigrinus, G. saxatilis and G. brevicaudus. Additional comparisons were not significant. Our results may facilitate further studies on hemipenial morphology and mating competition in Korean snakes. This is the first study on Korean snake reproductive organs.
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