A Note on Control Shift

김광섭(Kwang-Sup Kim) 한국생성문법학회 2021 생성문법연구 Vol.31 No.1

This squib is concerned with control shift: the phenomenon that subject control predicates turn into object control predicates, and vice versa (Larson 1991). Control shift appears to cast doubt on the Movement Theory of Control, but this squib shows that the phenomenon does not pose a threat to the Movement Theory of Control but rather supports it. It is shown that control shift arises only when the predicate permits a double object construction (DOC) , and hence the to-infinitive can be taken to be a nominal complement. If the to-infinitive is not a nominal, extraction out of it is permitted and hence the closest DP serves as the controller, provided that control is movement, and if, on the other hand, it is a nominal, extraction out of a nominal to-infinitive is not permitted and so the closest DP may not be the controller. This squib shows that control shift takes place when a predicate allows a DOC, which opens up the possibility that the to-infinitive can be the direct object—a nominal.

Shift control of a dry-type two-speed dual-clutch transmission for an electric vehicle

Hong, Sungwha,Son, Hanho,Lee, Seulgi,Park, Jongyun,Kim, Kyungha,Kim, Hyunsoo SAGE Publications 2016 Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engin Vol.230 No.3

<P>In this paper, a shift control algorithm to improve the shift quality was proposed for an electric vehicle with a dry-type two-speed dual-clutch transmission. To analyse the shift characteristics of the target electric vehicle, dynamic models for the two-speed dual-clutch transmission and the drivetrain were developed. Based on the dynamic models, dynamic equations for the transient shift states were derived, and a shift performance simulator was constructed. From analysis of the transient shift state, it was found that the fluctuations in the driveshaft torque, which cause the shift quality to deteriorate, occurred as a result of the inertia torque. Based on the analytical results, a control algorithm was proposed using traction motor torque control as well as shift actuator stroke control. For traction motor control, a compensation torque was applied during the inertia phase. In that phase, actuator stroke control was performed by considering the torque margin and the kissing point during the torque phase instead of the existing map-based control. To evaluate the performance of the proposed control algorithm, a test bench for the target electric vehicle was developed. From the experimental results, it was found that the variations in the driveshaft torque and in the jerk were reduced by the proposed control algorithm, which thereby provides an improved shift quality.</P>

트랙터 자동변속기 되먹임 변속 제어기 설계

정규홍(Gyu Hong Jung),정창도(Chang Do Jung),박세하(Se Ha Park) 유공압건설기계학회 2016 드라이브·컨트롤 Vol.13 No.1

Nowadays automatic transmission equipped vehicles prevail in construction and agricultural equipment due to their convenience in driving and operation. Though domestic vehicle manufacturers install imported electronic controlled transmissions at present, overseas products will be replaced by domestic ones in the near future owing to development efforts over the past 10 years. For passenger cars, there are many kinds of shift control algorithms that enhance the shift quality such as feedback and learning control. However, since shift control technologies for heavy duty vehicles are not highly developed, it is possible to improve the shift quality with an organized control method. A feedback control algorithm for neutral-into-gear shift, which is enabled during the inertia phase for the master clutch slip speed to track the slip speed reference, is proposed based on the power transmission structure of TH100. The performance of the feedback shift control is verified by a vehicle test which is implemented with firmware embedded TCU. As the master clutch engages along the predetermined speed trajectory, it can be concluded that the shift quality can be managed by a shift time control parameter. By extending the proposed feedback algorithm for neutral-into-gear shift to gear change and shuttle shift, it is expected that the quality of the shift can be improved.

Shift-By-Wire 시스템의 임베디드 제어로직 설계

박용국(Young-Kug Park),강의선(Eui-Sun Kang) 한국산학기술학회 2022 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.23 No.11

본 논문은 BLDC모터가 장착된 Shift-By-Wire 시스템을 구동하기 위한 제어 프로그램을 설계하고 그 성능을 평가한 것으로써, 제어 알고리즘은 변속할 때 디텐트플레이트의 형상에 따라 보정변수로 설계된 목표속도를 추종하도록 모터 속도제어를 수행하고, 만약 목표 변속 단에 도달하게 되면 모터를 특정 위치에 정지시키는 정렬 방식을 도입하였다. 제어 프로그램은 10ms 태스크로 작동되는 시간기반 제어영역과 홀센서 신호를 기반으로 동작하는 이벤트기반 제어영역으로 이루어져 있다. 시간 기반 제어는 센서 및 통신 오류 진단, 현재 변속 상태, 목표 회전수 및 모터 회전 방향, 모터 속도제어로 구성되며, 반면에 이벤트 기반 제어는 six-step 결정 부분, 상 전환 시퀀스 제어, 상 전환 스위칭 제어 및 모터 속도 계산으로 구성된다. 설계된 제어 프로그램은 제어기에 탑재되어 제어기능에 대한 평가를 수행하였으며, 그 결과 변속 소요시간은 최대 300~400ms으로 차량 양산업체의 요구수준을 만족하였으며, 소비전류는 4~8A 수준으로 양호한 결과를 얻었을 뿐만 아니라 센서의 고장진단 프로그램도 정상적으로 작동됨을 확인하였다. We designed a control program for driving a shift-by-wire system with a BLDC motor. The control algorithm introduces an alignment method that performs motor speed control to follow a target speed. It was designed with calibration parameters according to the shape of the detent plate. Furthermore, an alignment method that stops the motor at a specific position is introduced. The control program was designed as a time-based control area operated with a 10ms task and an event-based control area operated based on hall sensor signals. The time-based controller consists of sensor and communication error diagnosis, the current shift state, the target speed and motors rotation direction, and the control of the motor speed. The event-based control consists of a six-step decision, commutation sequence control, commutation switching control, and a calculation of motor speed. The designed control program was embedded in a control board to evaluate the control function. As a result, the shift time was up to 300-400ms, which satisfies the requirements for vehicle mass production. The current consumption was 4-8A, and it was confirmed that the sensor failure diagnosis program was operated normally.

Verb Entailment and Control Shift

Kyunghwan Kim(김경환) 담화·인지언어학회 2006 담화와 인지 Vol.13 No.2

In this paper, whether thematic-role-based approaches with some limited number of thematic roles are capable of explaining control phenomena is questioned. Especially when it comes to the problem of control shift, non-theoretical approaches that are not based on specific theoretical frameworks seem desirable since an appeal to pragmatic notions such as agentivity, (non-linguistic) control, responsibility, beneficiary, etc. becomes more convincing. Control shift can be better explained by generalizations about the entailments of control verbs and how these verbs interact with the meaning described by the infinitive complement, and it is argued that no special mechanism like semantic coercion is necessary to explain control shift. Specifically, the interaction of Farkas' responsibility relation and the potential benefit relation proposed in this paper can explain both canonical cases of control and control shift found with verbs such as promise and persuade. On the other hand, control shift observed in sentences with the verb ask is treated as a result of lexical ambiguity of the verb.

생산 공정 변화를 모니터링하기 위한 관리도의 수행 능력 비교

배홍석 ( Hong Seok Bae ) 한국경영공학회 2013 한국경영공학회지 Vol.18 No.3

This paper develops a new VSI X-CRL synthetic control chart that considers convenience of use in the field, and perception of change of process applying VSI techniques to synthetic control char,. simultaneously. We found the optimal sampling interval and various control limit factor of the suggested chart using markov chain. The results in this study are summarized as follows : First, in case that the process follows normal distribution, the proposed VSI X-CRL synthetic control chart in detecting process mean shift was performed the most excellently in aspect of statistical performance, regardless of control limit L of CRL/S control chart. Second, Detecting process shift is faster, L value is greater in small shift of process, in case that applies individual control chart, L value may be proposed more than 5 in large shift. Also, Lvlaue is proper at 4~6 that detects rapidly the small shift as well as large, in case of VSI X-CRL synthetic control chart in sample size 4 or 5 that uses the most in traditional control chart.

학습제어를 이용한 지게차 자동변속기 상향 변속품질 개선

정규홍 사단법인 유공압건설기계학회 2022 드라이브·컨트롤 Vol.19 No.2

Recently, automatic transmissions caused a good improvement in the shift quality of a forklift. An advanced shift control algorithm, which was based on TCU firmware, was applied with embedded control technology and microcontrollers. In the clutch-to-clutch shifting, one friction element is released and the other friction element is activated. During this process, if the release and application timings are not synchronized, an overrun or tie-up occurs and ultimately leads to a shift shock. The TCU, which measures only the speed of the forklift, inevitably applies the open-loop shift control. In this situation, the speed ratio does not change during the clutch fill. The torque phase occurs until the clutch is disengaged. In this study, an offline shift logic of the learning control was proposed. It induced a synchronous shift when the learning control progressed. During this process, the reference current trajectory of the release clutch was corrected and applied to the next upshift. We considered the results of the overrun/tie-up characteristics of the upshift performed immediately before. The vehicle test proved that the deviation in shift quality, which was caused by the difference in the mechanical characteristics of the clutch, could be improved by the learning control.

Modeling, Dynamic Analysis and Control Design of Full-Bridge LLC Resonant Converters with Sliding-Mode and PI Control Scheme

Kai Zheng,Guodong Zhang,Dongfang Zhou,Jianbing Li,Shaofeng Yin 전력전자학회 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.3

In this paper, a sliding mode and proportional plus integral (SM-PI) control combined with self-sustained phase shift modulation (SSPSM) for LLC resonant converters is presented. The proposed control scheme improves the transient response while preserving good steady-state performance. An averaged large signal model of an LLC converter with the ZVS modulation technique is developed for the SM control design. The sliding surface is obtained based on the input-output linearization concept. A system identification method is adopted to obtain the transform function of the LLC resonant converter, which is used to design the PI control. In order to reduce the inherent chattering problem in the steady state, the combined SM-PI control strategy is derived with fuzzy control, where the SM control is responsive during the transient state while the PI control prevails in the steady state. The combination of SSPSM and the SM-PI control provides ZVS operation, robustness and a fast transient response against step load variations. Simulation and experimental results validate the theoretical analysis and the attractive features of the proposed scheme.

학습제어를 이용한 지게차 자동변속기 상향변속품질 개선

정규홍(G. H. Jung),이호준(H. J. Lee),김광인(K. I. Kim) 유공압건설기계학회 2021 유공압건설기계학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

Recently, automatic transmissions realize good shift quality by implementing advanced shift control algorithms in TCU firmware using embedded control technology with microcontrollers. In clutch-to-clutch shifting in which one friction element is released and the other friction element is activated, if the release and apply timings are not synchronized, shift shock occurs due to overrun or tie-up. The TCU, which measures only the speeds, inevitably applies the open-loop shift control because the speed ratio does not change during the clutch fill and torque phase until the clutch is disengaged. In this study, an offline shift logic of learning control is proposed. It induces synchronous shifting as learning progresses by correcting the reference current trajectory of the release clutch applied to the next upshift based on the results of the overrun/tie-up characteristics of the upshift performed immediately before. The vehicle test proved that the shift quality deviation caused by the difference in the mechanical characteristics of the clutch can be improved by the learning control.

이중 클러치의 변속기구 제어 시스템 개발

이정우(LEE Jeong-Woo) 대한기계학회 2013 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2013 No.5

This paper describes the process of developing shift mechanism controller for use in dual clutch transmissions. The shift mechanism is characterized by one degree of freedom(single motor) with circular cam, whereas conventional shift mechanisms use dual motors for shift and select motion. We developed dynamic models of shift mechanism with one degree of freedom. And we developed controllers and motor drivers for shift mechanism. Through numerous experiments, we realize shift time below 0.2sec with Luk type synchronizer. And shift time about 0.355sec is realized for skip shift. the system will be combined with dual clutch controller, and commercialization process is in progress.