모듈러형 자세유지기구 시트의 전방 높이에 따른 뇌성마비인의 착석 압력 연구

이진현,이근민 한국지체.중복.건강장애교육학회 2014 지체.중복.건강장애연구 Vol.57 No.1

The objective of this study was to provide basic data that could be helpful in selecting seat of modular seating system by examining how the seat wedge height of Polyurethane foam affected the seating pressure. In order to achieve the objective of this study, 4 seats were produced with height of 0, 3, 6, and 9cm. In order to measure the sitting pressure distribution depending on the characteristics of the produced seats, 7 subjects with cerebral palsy participated in the experiment. XSENSOR was used as a measurement device, and wheelchair simulation. This study measured the sitting pressure of each seat for 5 minutes, calculated and analyzed the obtained data, Average Pressure(AP), Peak Pressure(PP), Contact Area(CA) and Body Pressure Ratio(BPR). This experiment showed the following results. First, there were significant differences in all the AP and CA on the height of the 9cm seat wedge, the pressure was low(p < .05). Second, the result of the BPR analysis was significant depending on the seat height(p< .05). The left ischial tuberosity area located in the BP2 had the highest pressure as a whole. Based on the above results, it showed the seat wedge hight had an impact on the pressure change when sitting down. This study also showed that seat height should be preferentially considered when selecting sitting seat. If polyurethane foam was used in recommending a sitting seat, it would be desirable to recommend 9cm for the proper height for modular seat. 본 연구는 모듈러형 자세유지기구 시트의 전방 높이에 따른 착석 압력에 미치는 영향을 살펴봄으로써 자세유지기구 시트의 적절한 높이와 디자인을 선택하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 시트 재질로 폴리우레탄 폼의 경도 18의 시트 전방 높이 0cm, 3cm, 6cm, 9cm로 구성된 시트를 총 4개를 설계 및 제작하였다. 실험에는 뇌성마비인 7명이 참여하였으며, 측정도구로는 XSENSOR를 사용하였고 휠체어 시뮬레이션에 시트를 올려 실험하였다. 각 시트마다 착석압력 측정은 5분간 실시하였으며 획득한 데이터 중 평균압력, 최대압력, 접촉면적과 체압 비율(Body Pressure Ratio; BPR) 분석을 통해 높이에 따른 영향을 살펴보았다. 이에 본 실험을 통해 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시트 높이에 따라 평균압력은 높이 9cm에서 가장 낮게 나타났으며 0cm에서 높게 나타났고, 접촉 면적은 9cm에서 가장 넓게 분포되었다(p< .05). 둘째, 시트 높이에 따라 각 체압 구역들 간에 압력의 차이가 나타났으며(p< .05), 체압 비율로 살펴보면 좌측 엉덩이(BP2)와 우측 엉덩이(BP1)의 부위가 가장 높은 평균 압력을 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 시트의 전방 높이는 착석 시 압력변화에 영향이 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 본 연구에서는 높이 9cm가 적절한 것으로 파악되었다.

자동차용 유압식 시트댐퍼의 댐핑 메카니즘에 관한 연구

이춘태(Choon Tae Lee) 유공압건설기계학회 2016 드라이브·컨트롤 Vol.13 No.4

Typically, the seat of an automotive vehicle generally includes a horizontal seat-cushion portion and a vertical seat-back portion that is operatively connected to the seat-cushion portion. The seat may include a recliner for the reclining of the seat-back portion relative to the seat-cushion portion by the seat occupant. An energy absorber or damper can also be provided for the seat-back portion. Because the recliner is configured to be released at a relatively high speed, and it results in an impact at the end of a folding stroke, the damper needs to dissipate energy as the seat back moves with respect to the seat cushion; therefore, the role of the seat damper in the automotive-seat design is important. In this paper, the mechanism of an hydraulic-type automotive-seat damper is investigated, and the torque characteristic is simulated according to the design-parameter variations such as the orifice area and the working-fluid properties.

An Efficient Electronic Wheelchair Seat Balancing Maintain Methodology Applying Smart Sensors

Sanghyun Park,Jinsul Kim,Yonggwan Won 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.9 No.1

In this paper we propose a new solution which utilizing the Gyro Sensor and Tilt Sensor in real-time controlling the balance of wheelchair seat. The existing wheelchair systems have the risk of falling when users go uphill because of the uneven weight allocation. But when applying our new method, the wheelchair seat can automatically adjust to maintain the balance therefore provides a safer and more stable ride. In order to adjust the seat correctly, we calculate the seat angle using Tilt Sensor. However, due to the law of inertia when wheelchair is moving there is deviation in output value of Tilt Sensor. To solve this problem, a Gyro sensor is used for measuring the acceleration and get the correct value of tilting angle. Through various experimentations we can prove that by taking advantage of Gyro sensor and Tilt sensor combination, the system is able to determine the correct seat angle in both cases when the wheelchair moving or not. We also tackle the power consumption issue in wheelchair, by using ZigBee sensor module to retrieve terrain information in advance and controlling the balance by two motors thus the overall power consumption for seat balancing is reduced significantly.

자동차 시트의 인간공학적 디자인에 따른 착좌 안락감 및 압력분포 평가

정하림,최준원,양승완,박준규,김도용,송창현,김종배,김한성 대한의용생체공학회 2023 의공학회지 Vol.44 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of developing slim seats with ergonomic design to improve seat comfort and expand the interior space. Two seats were used for the experiment: a sample seat designed based on hip shape and spinal alignment and a normal seat with a flat design without curves. Subjects sat in both the sample seat and a normal seat applied to the vehicle simulator and the experiment was conducted. The next part of the experiment was conducted in two different postures: a driving posture and a relaxed posture. The subjects filled out a comfort questionnaire immediately after sitting and after 30 minutes. The results showed that the comfort in the sample seat was found to be more comfortable than the normal seat. However, no significant dif- ference was noted for the relaxation posture. Pressure distribution was also recorded immediately after sitting and after 30 minutes. In the case of pressure distribution, it was confirmed that the pressure in the sample seat was more evenly distributed in both the driving and relaxed postures than in the normal seat. The results showed that the ergo- nomically designed sample seat greatly improved seating comfort and pressure distribution compared to the normal seat, which is a general vehicle seat design.

광고표현의 ‘자리’ -끌림 포지셔닝에 따른 ‘자리체계’의 차이에 관하여-

전기순 한국일러스아트학회 2016 조형미디어학 Vol.19 No.4

The ‘Seat’ of advertising expression is an attractive system of a mood take the form in processing layout the element of advertising expression. As a Attraction System, The meaning of a seat take form in the Empty Point of a center-seat and in the Attraction Point of a border-seat containing the attractive physics as if it were really so a non-matter physics of consumer subjective. and It is a perception horizon of a attractive-whirlwind by adapting and by changing as conditioning a consumer subjectivity self-seat and a advertising expression other-seat As according to correlation a Core-Target self-seat and a advertising expression other-seat is revealed new creativity attractive-whirlwind by occurring changing-seat and fusion-seat with all ads creator’s influence. This study make a seat-system of advertising design by emphasizing it is building up to the attraction-seat of a self-seat, other-seat, changing–seat, fusion-seat with all influence ads creator, consumer-subjective, advertising expression. Finding, The attraction-seat of 4 types seat having been established the different of meaning at the advertising expression concept In conclusion, By means of 4 types seat’s attraction positioning, we find out the ‘seat’ of ads expression has differential meaning interpretant in an attractive intention. so it also stresses to the necessary ‘seat aesthetics’ of a creative processing. 광고표현의 ‘자리’는 주어진 광고표현 요소의 배치과정에서 형성되는 분위기의 끌림 체계이다. 끌림 체계로서 자리에 대한 파악은 소비자주체의 비물질적인 신체인 ‘끌림체’가 지니고 있는 ‘가장-자리’의 끌림 점(ap)과 ‘중심-자리’의 공점(ep, 空點)에 의해 구체화된다. 또한 소비자주체로서 조건화되어진 ‘자기-자리’와 대상인 광고표현, ‘타자-자리’로 구분되어 서로 동화(同化), 변용(變容)되는 가운데 발현되는 끌림 회오리의 인식지평이다. 또한 핵심 소구의 ‘자기-자리’와 광고표현의 ‘타자-자리’의 상관관계에 따라 광고크리에이터의 ‘변형-자리’와 ‘융합-자리’가 생성되어 새로운 끌림 회오리가 발현된다. 이번 연구는 광고크리에이터, 소비자주체, 광고표현에 의해 생성된 자기-자리, 타자-자리, 변형-자리, 융합-자리에 의해 끌림-자리가 형성됨을 강조하여 자리디자인의 자리체계를 만들었다. 연구결과, 4가지의 ‘끌림-자리’는 광고표현 컨셉트에서 유의미한 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 광고표현의 ‘자리’는 자리가 지니고 있는 4가지의 끌림 포지셔닝에 따라 광고표현의 끌림에 대한 해석적인 유의미한 차이를 발견함으로써 광고크리에이터의 창의적인 ‘자리미학’이 필요함을 강조하고자 한다.

DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF AN AUTOMOTIVE POWER SEAT FOR DISABLED PERSONS

Y. SHI,이인택,A. Md. AFSAR,송정일 한국자동차공학회 2009 International journal of automotive technology Vol.10 No.4

As the number of disabled people grows, independence and mobility become a priority for those individuals. To achieve this goal, a ‘Turny-type power seat’ was developed in this study to assist a disabled person rise from a vehicle without trouble. The design and modeling of the power seat were performed using AutoCAD and CATIA software. The major motions of the power seat system are swiveling, sliding, and extending, which are accomplished primarily by DC motors, chains, and gears. Most of the power seat parts were made from mild steel. Welding technology was used throughout the frame fabrication. To ensure the safety and stability of the power seat, various tests were performed, and the results analyzed. The static analysis of the power seat was carried out by ANSYS 11.0. The results showed that the power seat conformed to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards. The durability test was performed by repeatedly rotating and sliding the power seat under loading conditions. Dynamic crash simulation was carried out using the LS-DYNA software. The durability test ensured a longer life of the power seat, while the crash analysis showed a small rotational distortion that was not harmful to passengers. However, the front seat had a slightly larger forward displacement, which was not comfortable for passengers. Therefore, further modifications of the power seat should be done to improve the performance, with attention given to the reduction of the forward displacement in the event of a crash. As the number of disabled people grows, independence and mobility become a priority for those individuals. To achieve this goal, a ‘Turny-type power seat’ was developed in this study to assist a disabled person rise from a vehicle without trouble. The design and modeling of the power seat were performed using AutoCAD and CATIA software. The major motions of the power seat system are swiveling, sliding, and extending, which are accomplished primarily by DC motors, chains, and gears. Most of the power seat parts were made from mild steel. Welding technology was used throughout the frame fabrication. To ensure the safety and stability of the power seat, various tests were performed, and the results analyzed. The static analysis of the power seat was carried out by ANSYS 11.0. The results showed that the power seat conformed to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards. The durability test was performed by repeatedly rotating and sliding the power seat under loading conditions. Dynamic crash simulation was carried out using the LS-DYNA software. The durability test ensured a longer life of the power seat, while the crash analysis showed a small rotational distortion that was not harmful to passengers. However, the front seat had a slightly larger forward displacement, which was not comfortable for passengers. Therefore, further modifications of the power seat should be done to improve the performance, with attention given to the reduction of the forward displacement in the event of a crash.

Express Train Seat Discomfort Evaluation using Body Pressure and Anthropometric Data

Se Jin Park,Seung Nam Min,Heeran Lee,Murali Subramaniyam,Woo Sung Suh 대한인간공학회 2014 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.33 No.3

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate Korea"s Honam express train"s first- and second-class seat discomfort by using pressure measurement, subjective discomfort rating, and physical compatibility. Background: Over the years, the demand for an express train service is continually increasing. A comfortable ride is important to achieving passenger satisfaction. A train seat plays a significant role in fulfilling passenger seating comfort. With this in view, a field survey and pressure measurements were performed on the selected train seat. Method: The pressure ratio at the body-seat interface (thigh and buttock regions) was measured by the pressure mat system. The interface pressure ratio was calculated and compared. The subjective discomfort rating scale was used to evaluate the subjects" overall feeling. The dimensions of train seats were analysed according to the anthropometric and demographic characteristics of the population data from Size Korea. Results: The results highlighted that the interface pressure ratio was greater while participants sat on the second-class seat than the first-class seat in the left- and right-side thigh regions. Also the pressure ratio was greater for the participants in the 1st~25th percentile height groups (149.8~160.8cm). The subjects rated higher discomfort for the second-class seat than the first-class seat. The physical compatibility results showed that the second-class seat’s breadth was inadequate for the 95th and 99th percentile male. Conclusion: Overall, interface pressure measurement, subjective discomfort score and physical compatibility results showed that the second-class seat was more uncomfortable for the passengers than the first-class seat. Application: The adopted methodologies could be used to measure the seating comfort of the train seats.

시트 물성 기반 착좌 안락감 추정 방법 개발

이승훈(Seunghoon Lee),정하영(Hayoung Jung),정규호(Gyuho Chung),유희천(Heecheon You) 대한인간공학회 2019 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.10

Objective: The present study developed a seating comfort prediction method using the material properties of seat. Background: Different material properties are applied to each seating area to improve seating comfort such as cushioning and supportability. Prediction models of seating comfort is needed for a seat made of a combination of various material properties. Method: A group of 33 adults (7 females and 26 males) was recruited to the subjective seating comfort evaluation experiment in the present study. The material properties of 12 seats were measured by a multi-segment static load tester developed in the present study. Seating comfort prediction models were developed using data of subjective seating comfort evaluation and material propertie collected in the experiment. Results: The adjusted R<SUP>2</SUP> values of the developed models were identified as 75.3% ± 2.9% for cushion and 74.8% ± 2.0% for backrest. Conclusion: The prediction models which can predict the seating comfort of a seat with a combination of seat material properties were developed in the study. Application: The prediction models can be used to examine the adequacy of seat material properties at the early stage of seat development.

Development of Humanoid Dummy for Evaluation of car Seat Comfort

Dong Hyun Kim,Se Hoon Jeon,Ye Eun Song,Seong Guk Kim,Woo Hyuk Choi,Hyung Joo Kim,In Ju Lee,Sung Rae Kim,Young Keun Cho,Han Sung Kim 대한인간공학회 2016 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.06

Objective: The aim of this study is to development of humanoid dummy which is evaluation of car seat comfort. Background: Recently modern car seat had been developed and became increasingly complex and sophisticated. Customers expected an increasing level of comfort. To quantification, trying to measure seat comfort previous studies using EMG, Biomechanics analysis, FEM and development structure but limitation to evaluated car seat. Method: Humanoid dummy was consisted skeletal, sensors, soft tissue and dummy control system. Skeletal segment was designed to 95%tile male of standard Korean size. Sensors was combined dummy femor and ischial tuberosity. Soft tissue was made plastic which was validated human soft tissue using shore durometer. Humanoid dummy control system was developed to control dummy`s spine and check sensor`s value. To evaluate car seat comfort, we designed to experiment that change dummy posture 21 steps by movement dummy`s spine according to six car seat condition, 2 height of seat pan and 3 angle of back seat. Results: Results shows that lumbar moment was increased when the seat back small angle and seat pan height was high. When the seat back was high angle, lumbar moment low and variation range was narrowed, the seat pan height was low, lumbar moment low and variation range was narrowed. Conclusion:.This results suggested that a humanoid dummy could be quantitative measurement of car seat comfort as an alternative questionnaire study. Application: The results of the humanoid dummy, might be expect that evaluation of car seat and it could be recommend to driver for good posture when they driving.

Kano 모델을 이용한 자동차 시트 조절기능에 대한 고객인식 연구

김학균 ( Hak Gyun Kim ),송해근 ( Hae Geun Song ),박영택 ( Young T Park ) 한국품질경영학회 2013 품질경영학회지 Vol.41 No.4

Purpose: Car seats affect customer satisfaction greatly when the seats` design is changed because car holders are in close contact with the seats. However, the improvement of the current seats` design involves risks such as investment cost, and therefore it needs strategic operating measures from the perspective of customers. Until now, operations of seats` specification have been decided by technical-push rather than market-pull, and carried out based on professionals` experience without measuring customer satisfaction correctly. The purpose of this study is to present a systematic approach to measure customers` perception on the car seats using the Kano model and pairwise comparison technique. Methods: The authors derive 17 major functions of a car seat by analyzing major components of car seats,and conduct a survey of 141 adults who hold a car(s). Results: The results show that consumers perceive the adjustable functions of front seats as must-be while the same functions for rear seats are perceived as attractive. In particular, motor operated functions for both front and rear seats increase customer satisfaction greatly if they are presented. Conclusion: This study shows that how much customer (dis)satisfaction will increase if a function of car seats (non)fulfilled, and therefore, the results of this study will provide practitioners and R&D personnel in new automobile seats development projects with useful information.