국제개발협력과 한국 농촌개발의 근대적 기원

임형백(Lim, Hyung Baek) 한국지역개발학회 2016 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.28 No.4

The purpose of this paper is to study interaction and effect among the Rural Extension, Community Development, Saemaul Undong in Korean modern rural development. Rural Extension started in Renaissance period. Modern Rural Extension started in Ireland in Great Famine. The term ‘Rural Extension’ was first used in the 1867 in England. Rural Extension developed by Land-Grand College in USA. Community Development developed by England for the purpose of colonial development. Ford Foundation also developed Community Development for the purpose of underdeveloped areas in USA. Community Development was adopted as rural development method in UN. Rural Extension and Community Development spread around the world in the form of International Development Cooperation after the Second World War. UN and USA played an important role in the rapid spread of Rural Extension and Community Development. The main purpose of Rural Extension was agricultural development and rural development. The main purpose of Community Development was community development and development of the community competence. Rural Extension started around the late-Chosun Dynasty. Modern Rural Extension started in 1957. Community Development started in 1958. Community Development has been transferred from the ministry of reconstruction to the ministry of construction in 1961. And Community Development has been transferred again from the ministry of construction to the ministry of agriculture, and integrated into Rural Extension of Rural Development Administration(RDA) in 1962. Rural Extension has been going on ever since in RDA. Saemaul Undong was influenced by Rural Extension and Community. Rural Extension and Community Development were naturalized in Saemaul Undong and bring about good results.

농촌관광마을 개발과정에서 농촌지도요원의 역할

박덕병,이혜현 한국농·산업교육학회 2004 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.36 No.3

The purpose of this study is to highlight key issues as perceived by extension educators and community leaders and to relate them to the role of extension educators in rural Korea. The complex nature of rural tourism makes it a good candidate for interdisciplinary programming in extension. The data were collected by the report which are from the Workshop of Village Readers and Extension Educators on from May 2, 2003 to May 5, 2003 in Rural Development Administration. The data were analyzed using the Ucinet Correspondence and Connectivity analysis computer program. The results of this study were as follows; First, extension educators on rural tourism projects have to do interdisciplinary approach. The rural tourism is complex industry because it includes parts of a variety of sectors (transportation, accommodations, food and beverage services, recreational activities, retail shopping, and entertainment). First, extension personnel may help local businesses and rural people in forming training partnerships with local or regional educational institution as a stakeholder of rural tourism. Second, extension educators in rural tourism developer as a community economy development were to provide a perspective on local development issues, to increase the knowledge base for individual and community decisions, to develop the skills necessary to achieve individual and community goals, and to help to shape the decision-making environment. Third, rural tourism projects as a community development programs focus on building community 'capacity.' Community development is typically described as citizens learning skills relating to how to cooperatively work together for problem solving and shared decision making. Some of the realized benefits to building community capacity include collective efficacy, a sense of community through shared connections, improving neighborhood social interactions, and a healthy democracy.

미국 노스다코타주 농촌지도사업에 있어서 노인복지 프로그램의 현황과 전망

박덕병 한국농촌지도학회 2003 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.10 No.2

The objective of this study is to explore the situations and extension roles for rural elderly welfare program in North Dakota, USA. With a growing elder population, aging has become an important issue for extension. Services for rural elderly available in North Dakota were adult day care, home health care, senior insurance counseling, nutrition and medication assistance programs, support groups, legal assistance, meals on wheels, nursing homes and more. With a growing older population, aging has become an important issue for extension. Extension provides programs and services for rural elderly. This study was conducted by literature review. First, many rural elderly Americans are actively engaged in volunteer work and have made substantial contributions to their communities. Second, extension educators from interdisciplinary areas should work together to develop programs. Extension programs ca include intergenerational programs to help younger generations learn about the issue. Third, extension can collaborate with other agencies and groups to offer support groups. Offering educational programs is a key to empowering older people. Fourth, elderly residents may be the only increasing natural resource for volunteering in general, and for participation in community improvement in particular. Fifth, extension educators should be proactive in working with agencies to provide social access and in helping older people be actively engaged in their lives, especially in rural areas.

아프리카 농업과 농촌 발전을 위한 농촌지도의 역할 강화 방안

임삼봉 ( Sang Bong Im ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2014 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

Agricultural and rural extension has played diverse roles for rural development according to different ages and situations. In Africa, the roles of extension are strongly requires to eradicate poverty. In this regard, the study aims at proposing some measures to strengthen the roles of extension for the Africa`s rural development. It seems that there need such policies as successful implementation of agricultural and rural development projects, formation of community`s change adoption environments, community empowerment and capacity building, in order to facilitate agricultural and rural development. For strengthening the linkage of extension to agricultural and rural development policies, the following measures will have to be adopted: i) strengthening of the linkage of extension services to agricultural and rural development projects; ii) formation of community`s change adoption climates by integrating consciousness transformation and infrastructure improvement; iii) recovery and expansion of public-side rural extension`s roles for facilitating community change by empowering the extension workers; iv) acceleration of innovation expansion through facilitation method or technique.

국제개발협력을 위한 학제간 연구:

임형백(Lim Hyung Baek) 한국지역개발학회 2018 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.30 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to review interdisciplinarity for international development cooperation. Interdisciplinarity involves the combining of two or more academic disciplines into one activity. There have been continual demands to interdisciplinarity for international development cooperation. Nonetheless, as of the present time, no concrete study has yet been accomplished. Interdisciplinarity has been at the core attention in international development cooperation. Interdisciplinarity has become an important and challenging method and approach in international development cooperation. A number of academic disciplines are eligible to interdisciplinarity for international development cooperation. But I selected four academic disciplines according to application to international development cooperation. That is area study, economics, planning, and international rural extension. These four academic disciplines bring together an amazing synergy in international development cooperation. Korea needs to invest in the research into interdisciplinarity for international development cooperation, which is still in its early stages. Training and education in interdisciplinarity is very important to efficiency gains in international development cooperation. It is more important to seek quality than quantity in international development cooperation.

국제개발협력 정부기관 비교 연구 - 6개 원조공여국의 농촌지도를 중심으로 -

백숙희,임형백 전남대학교 지역개발연구소 2020 지역개발연구 Vol.52 No.2

Rural extension has a long history and exists in man donor countries and recipient countries. Rural extension is an important government organization for international development cooperation. This papers is a comparative study of representative 6 donor countries. Modern rural extension was born in Ireland in 1874. Rural extension is rural development model which spread all over the world before World War Ⅱ, or 1950. Before World War Ⅱ, European countries, such as Britain, france, and other countries conducted rural extension in colonies in Africa, Asia and Latin America under imperialism. After World War Ⅱ, rural extension spread all over the world through the United States and United Nations(UN). 농촌지도(rural extension)는 전 세계의 많은 국가에 존재하는 정부기관이다. 농촌지도는 오랜 역사를 가지고 있고, 많은 원조공여국과 원조수원국에 존재한다. 농촌지도는 국제개발협력에서 중요한 농업기관이다. 한국에는 일제강점기에 도입되었고, 현재에도 농림축산식품부 산하 농촌진흥청의 주요 기능 중 하나로 남아 있다. 이 논문은 대표적인 6개 선진 원조공여국의 농촌지도를 비교・연구하였다. 농촌지도는 거의 4천년 동안 진화되어 왔지만, 현대적 농촌지도는 1874년 아일랜드에서 탄생했다. 지도(extension)이라는 용어도 영국에서 처음 사용되었다. 이렇게 탄생한 농촌지도는 제2차 세계대전, 즉 1950년대 이전에 전 세계로 확산된 농촌개발 모델이다. 제2차 세계대전 전에는 영국, 프랑스 등의 유럽의 각국들이 제국주의 하에서 아프리카, 아시아 및 라틴아메리카의 여러 나라들을 강점하여 농촌지도사업을 실시한 경우이다. 제2차 세계대전 이후에는 UN, 미국 등을 통하여 전 세계로 확산되었다. 따라서 일반적으로 제3세계의 근대적 농촌지도사업의 역사를 논할 때는 제2차 세계대전을 기점으로 삼아 그 이전과 이후로 나누고 있다. 그러나 농촌지도는 농촌개발모델이지 농촌개발 이론은 아니다. 농촌개발 이론은 제2차 세계대전 이후 1950년대부터 등장하기 시작했다.

국제개발협력 정부기관 비교 연구 - 6개 원조공여국의 농촌지도를 중심으로 -

백숙희 ( Sookhee¸ Baek ),임형백 ( Hyung Baek¸ Lim ) 전남대학교 지역개발연구소 2020 지역개발연구 Vol.52 No.2

농촌지도(rural extension)는 전 세계의 많은 국가에 존재하는 정부기관이다. 농촌지도는 오랜 역사를 가지고 있고, 많은 원조공여국과 원조수원국에 존재한다. 농촌지도는 국제개발협력에서 중요한 농업기관이다. 한국에는 일제강점기에 도입되었고, 현재에도 농림축산식품부 산하 농촌진흥청의 주요 기능 중 하나로 남아 있다. 이 논문은 대표적인 6개 선진 원조공여국의 농촌지도를 비교·연구하였다. 농촌지도는 거의 4천년 동안 진화되어 왔지만, 현대적 농촌지도는 1874년 아일랜드에서 탄생했다. 지도(extension)이라는 용어도 영국에서 처음 사용되었다. 이렇게 탄생한 농촌지도는 제2차 세계대전, 즉 1950년대 이전에 전 세계로 확산된 농촌개발 모델이다. 제2차 세계대전 전에는 영국, 프랑스 등의 유럽의 각국들이 제국주의 하에서 아프리카, 아시아 및 라틴아메리카의 여러 나라들을 강점하여 농촌지도사업을 실시한 경우이다. 제2차 세계대전 이후에는 UN, 미국 등을 통하여 전 세계로 확산되었다. 따라서 일반적으로 제3세계의 근대적 농촌지도사업의 역사를 논할 때는 제2차 세계대전을 기점으로 삼아 그 이전과 이후로 나누고 있다. 그러나 농촌지도는 농촌개발모델이지 농촌개발 이론은 아니다. 농촌개발 이론은 제2차 세계대전 이후 1950년대부터 등장하기 시작했다. Rural extension has a long history and exists in man donor countries and recipient countries. Rural extension is an important government organization for international development cooperation. This papers is a comparative study of representative 6 donor countries. Modern rural extension was born in Ireland in 1874. Rural extension is rural development model which spread all over the world before World War Ⅱ, or 1950. Before World War Ⅱ, European countries, such as Britain, france, and other countries conducted rural extension in colonies in Africa, Asia and Latin America under imperialism. After World War Ⅱ, rural extension spread all over the world through the United States and United Nations(UN).

지방화 시대의 농촌지도사업과 발전방향

이용환 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 1999 농업생명과학연구 Vol.3 No.-

Rural extension work in Korea has been carried out as a national government project by the Rural Development Administration since 1962. But almost all of the extension workers transferred to local government employ in 1997 and the 7,480 extension workers in 1997 decreased to 5,082 by the end of 1999 through restructuring of the government system. Traditionally, the extension worker has carried out educational jobs but many extension workers was to carry out the administrative responsibility in addition to the educational job as the rural extension system was changed. This study was to evaluate the rural extension system under the localization, extension activities, methods, extension worker's morale, and so forth. Most of extension workers are embarrassed about the changing of the extension system and their duty.

지식기반 사회에 농촌지도사업 혁신을 위한 정책 제안

송용섭,심미옥,정충섭,지용주 한국농·산업교육학회 2003 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.35 No.2

The objective of this study is to suggest policies for the reform of rural extension services. Facing a knowledge-based society, decentralization, and globalization in recent years, the rural extension services system has to be changed to keep up with the society development.Rural extension services have to focus on the needs of consumers as end-user of agricultural products. The clients anticipate implementing extension services related to safety food and environment conservation.On the other hand, Specialized farms need to advanced and innovative technologies & informations. Therefore, consulting services have to be provided as a model of farming systems research and extension(FSRE). For general farms, a regular visit system can be adopted to deliver generalized and standard technologies & informations to them timely.The central and local organization for extension services has to be reformed. Extension headquarter of Rural Development Administration(RDA) has to convert from commodity-oriented formation to function-oriented. Also, local extension systems has to reorganize from administration boundary based to agri-ecology region based.

地方職化 以後 農村指導事業의 推進 方向

황대용,류진춘,하태일 慶北大學校農業科學技術硏究所 1998 慶北大農學誌 Vol.16 No.-

As a result of the execution of the import liberalization and local autonomy with WTO system launching, centralized rural extension service converted to localized rural extension service. This advent of globalization and localization era affects our over all agricultural condition, moreover the duty and role of rural extension organization which take complete of rural extension, is compelled to diversified and specified technology. In this study, first we will investigate the change of agricultural, rural community, and local rural extension service in globalization and localization era. Second we will analyze the confronted problems of local rural extension service. With this study's outcome for basis, we will present new role and direction of local rural extension service which can contribute to local agricultural development.