유럽의 유기축산 사례 및 우리나라 유기축산의 발전 방안

안종호 ( Ahn Jong-ho ),조익환 ( Jo Ik-hwan ),이주삼 ( Lee Ju-sam ) 한국유기농업학회 2003 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.11 No.4

Organic livestock farming in northern European regions has been expanded with the major animals of large ruminants using pastures and grass silages. Organic livestock farming in some European countries has been in rather short of productivity compared to the conventional livestock farming, however since the gap of productivity between organic and conventional livestock farming has been reported to be reduced when the efficiency of management would improve, organic livestock farming has a potential to develop as a clean livestock farming in the future. We expect that organic livestock farming be propelled to a future model of livestock farming in Korea too. As the schemes for realization of organic livestock farming in Korea, firstly a system for the consistent supply of organic feed should be established. Mountainous areas that represents 63% of total area of Korea could be utilized for the production of organic forages. Uncultivated rice paddy and upland agricultural field could also be used for this purpose. The active application of organic agricultural by-products such as organic rice straw, organic rice bran and so forth can be considered for organic livestock farming. Secondly, the replacement of anti-biotics for the management of animal diseases should be developed using natural products. Plants and microbes would be good sources of natural products. Thirdly, the realization of organic livestock farming may require a system for certification of the organic farms and consequently the experts to work on.

Original Research Article : Soil Environment ; Comparison of Soil Physical Properties in Conventional and Organic Farming Apple Orchards

( Jong Bae Chung ) 한국환경농학회 2007 한국환경농학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Soil physical properties in organic farming apple orchard were evaluated in relation to conventional farming to better understand the effects of organic farming system on soil quality. Two adjacent apple orchards, matched by soil type, were chosen to ensure the same pedological conditions except management system. Soil samples were collected from middle of two adjacent trees along the tree line at two depths of 5-20 and 20-35 cm in September 2006. Contents of organic matter in organic farming soil were twice as much as those found in soil of conventional farming. The higher level of organic matter in organic farming soil was reflected through a consequent trend in improved soil physical properties. Organic farming produced greater aggregation in >2 mm size and increased aggregate stability. Bulk density was lower by 13% and hence porosity was higher in soils of organic farming as compared with conventional farming. Water holding capacity was significantly greater with organic farming by >17% over conventional farming. The capacity of organic farming to improve soil physical properties can be contributed to the regular application of relatively large amount of organic materials and the sustainable ground-cover managements, mulching with compost and cover crop cultivation.

Comparison of Soil Physical Properties in Conventional and Organic Farming Apple Orchards

Chung, Jong-Bae The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2007 한국환경농학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Soil physical properties in organic farming apple orchard were evaluated in relation to conventional farming to better understand the effects of organic farming system on soil quality. Two adjacent apple orchards, matched by soil type, were chosen to ensure the same pedological conditions except management system. Soil samples were collected from middle of two adjacent trees along the tree line at two depths of 5-20 and 20-35 cm in September 2006. Contents of organic matter in organic farming soil were twice as much as those found in soil of conventional farming. The higher level of organic matter in organic farming soil was reflected through a consequent trend in improved soil physical properties. Organic farming produced greater aggregation in >2 mm size and increased aggregate stability. Bulk density was lower by 13% and hence porosity was higher in soils of organic farming as compared with conventional farming. Water holding capacity was significantly greater with organic farming by >17% over conventional farming. The capacity of organic farming to improve soil physical properties can be contributed to the regular application of relatively large amount of organic materials and the sustainable ground-cover managements, mulching with compost and cover crop cultivation.

벼 유기농업과 관행농업에 미치는 재배지역의 영향

이성태,서동철,조주식,김은석,송원두,이영한 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.3

The purpose of this study was to find out optimum cultivated regions for rice organic farming. The organic and conventional rice as control were grown in three different places : secluded hill paddy field for Hapcheon,normal rural paddy field for Sancheong, and suburban paddy field for Jinju from 2005 to 2006. In secluded hill paddy field, the organic material and pesticide to control pest and disease were input twice for organic and conventional rice cultivation. However, in normal rural and suburban paddy field, those were input three times for organic and conventional rice cultivation. The occurrence of sheath blight in organic farming was higher than in conventional farming. Whereas brown planthopper population per 20 plant was significantly high 10.1~19.5 for conventional farming compared with 4.4~10.0 for organic farming. For that reason, the density of the brown planthoppers was higher in organic farming than those in conventional farming. Dominated weeds occurred in organic and conventional paddy field were namely Monochoria vaginalis, Ludwigia prostrata, and Cyperus difformis. The population per 20 plant and dried weight per m^2 of weeds were higher in 121 and 50.5 g for organic paddy field. The productivity of rice in different cultivated regions for organic farming was 2.96 Mg ha^-1 in hill paddy field, 4.03 Mg ha^-1 in normal rural and suburban paddy field. Toyo-taste value and ratio of perfect grain of milled rice were not different by cultivated regions in both farming system.

Decision Factors in Organic Vegetable Farming in Selected Areas of Luzon, Philippines

Loida E. Mojica,Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba,Rodolfo R. Sabado. Jr. 한국무역연구원 2010 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.6 No.2

Organic farming has been touted as a way to address the alarming rate of environmental degradation and changing health lifestyles of consumers the world over. This exploratory study attempted to identify the decision factors in organic vegetable farming; specifically, the motivators of vegetable farmers for engaging in and sustaining organic farms. This study also sought to determine the motivators and constraints in shifting from organic farming to conventional farming. Results showed that personal and philosophical factors and environmental factors essentially served as motivators for vegetable farmers to go into organic farming while economic and business factors figured prominently as motivators for organic vegetable farmers to sustain operations. No dominant motivating factors were noted for potential shifters to organic vegetable farming in view of numerous constraints such as the lack of awareness and information on organic farming technology, lack of financing, lack of sources of organic fertilizer, need for additional labor, land and soil-related constraints and lack of post-harvest handling facilities. Recommendations to mitigate these constraints included the provision of financial support at the start-up and implementation phases of organic farming and mentoring by established organic vegetable producers.

유럽의 유기축산 사례 및 우리나라 유기축산의 발전 방안

안종호,조익환,이주삼 한국유기농업학회 2003 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.11 No.4

Organic livestock farming in northern European regions has been expanded with the major animals of large ruminants using pastures and grass silages. Organic livestock farming in some European countries has been in rather short of productivity compared to the conventional livestock farming, however since the gap of productivity between organic and conventional livestock farming has been reported to be reduced when the efficiency of management would improve, organic livestock farming has a potential to develop as a clean livestock farming in the future. We expect that organic livestock farming be propelled to a future model of livestock farming in Korea too. As the schemes for realization of organic livestock farming in Korea, firstly a system for the consistent supply of organic feed should be established. Mountainous areas that represents 63% of total area of Korea could be utilized for the production of organic forages. Uncultivated rice paddy and upland agricultural field could also be used for this purpose. The active application of organic agricultural byproducts such as organic rice straw, organic rice bran and so forth can be considered for organic livestock farming. Secondly, the replacement of antibiotics for the management of animal diseases should be developed using natural products. Plants and microbes would be good sources of natural products. Thirdly, the realization of organic livestock farming may require a system for certification of the organic farms and consequently the experts to work on.

Values of Organic Farming and the Establishment of a Local Circulatory Economy

윤병선(Byeong Seon Yoon),Sun Up Kim,Heung Ju Kim 지역사회학회 2014 지역사회학 Vol.15 No.3

Power related to agricultural production has become concentrated ever more rapidly as Neoliberalism becomes globalized. Industrial agriculture can be defined as an agriculture that is subordinated to capital for agricultural materials, production, and processing. In response to this current tendency, organic farming, which tries to restore a self-reliant system and recover the relationship between humans and nature, emerges as an alternative to industrial agriculture. However, thought is needed to determine whether organic farming has followed its fundamental values. Like industrial agriculture, the input materials of organic farming were replaced by external input materials that were produced by agribusinesses. One of the ways to overcome this conventionalization of organic farming and to realize the original values of organic agriculture is to combine organic agriculture with a local circulatory economy based on small-scaled family farming. As organic farming is an agriculture considering circulation, it would be difficult to maintain the values of organic farming solely through the efforts of organic farmers. It is also necessary to establish a local circulatory economy to restore the values of organic farming.

Comparison of Soil Nutrient Status in Conventional and Organic Apple Farm

Jong-Bae Chung,Yoon-Jung Lee 한국토양비료학회 2008 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.41 No.1

Soil nutrient status in an organic apple farm was evaluated in relation to a conventional farm to better understand the effects of organic farming system on soil fertility. Soil organic matter, total and mineral N, available P, exchangeable cations, and available micronutrients were monitored at depth of 5-20 cm from May to October in 2006. Average soil organic matter content was 63.3 and 31.0 g kg-1 in organic and conventional farm, respectively. Total N content was 3.3 and 1.7 g kg-1 in average for organic and conventional farm, respectively. Ammonium and nitrate N in organic farming were maintained at relatively stable levels, but in the conventional farm the levels were very high in early season due to the chemical fertilizer application. In the organic apple farm, available P content in May was lower than that found in the conventional farm, but during the growing season available P content was continuously increased and in August the content was more than 1000 mg P2O5 kg-1. The organic farm maintained relatively greater exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg levels than the conventional farm. Available Cu, Fe, and Mn contents in the conventional farm were relatively greater than those found in the organic farm. However, available Zn extracted in 0.1 M HCl was much greater in the organic farm. Nutrient levels above crop needs were observed in both conventional and organic apple farm suggesting a more appropriate management of soil nutrients in organic farming to secure its fundamental functions for the sustainable agriculture.

미국 유기농업의 추진동향과 전망

김호 ( Kim Ho ) 한국유기농업학회 2004 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.12 No.2

U.S. organic farming has grown rapidly-20 percent or more annually-throughout the 1990s, which kept pace with consumer demand for organically produced food. Thus certified organic acreage is the total to 2.35 million acres in 48 state in 2001, and so the U.S. ranked fourth in land area managed under organic farming systems. And according to several surveys, consumer’s reasons for purchasing organic food are health and nutrition, taste and environmental concerns. California and North Dakota were the top two states in 2001 for certified organic cropland; the former with mostly fruits and vegetables, and the latter with wheat, soybeans, and other crops. And the top two states for certified organic pasture were Colorado and Texas. And then several states such as Iowa and Minnesota have begun subsidizing conversion to organic farming systems as a way to capture the environmental benefits of these systems. The price of organic produce fluctuates rather broadly because of being traded by market economy principle and of demandsupply disequilibrium. Nevertheless, average price premiums for organic produce are higher than the prices for the produce under conventional farming. Future prospects for U.S. organic farming are as follows; Demand for organically grown foods is expected to continue growing at a rapid pace, as more growers convert to organic production and more processors and distributors expand organic selections in their product lines. And new processed products and new types of healthy foods are likely to appear on the market, and some new organic products will be aimed at mainstream markets.

국내 유기낙농(시유) 농가의 사양관리에 관한 실태조사

기광석,임현주,임동현,박성민,김태일,이현준,최순호,박수범,권응기,이세영 한국유기농업학회 2013 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.21 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate feeding management and milk production in domestic organic dairy farms and find out ways to overcome difficulties in organic dairy farms. The number of domestic organic dairy farms was 35, which representing 0.57% among 6,068 of total dairy farms in 2011. Eleven farms among 35 organic dairy farms were surveyed. Average total raising head was 142, composed of 69 milk cow, 13 dry cow and 60 heifer and calf. The ratio of cow replacement was 42.4% in surveyed organic dairy farms. Among surveyed farms, 14.3% showed under 20kg of milk production, 57.1% represented 25~30kg of milk and 28.5% produced more than 30kg of milk. Average milk fat percentage in surveyed organic farms was 3.3%, which was lower than 4.04% milk fat percentage of whole country (2010). Based on bacterial counts (5,775 CFU/ml) and somatic cell counts (192,500 number/ml), milk quality appeared excellent in surveyed farms. 90% of surveyed farms agreed that organic milk production increased income. Among reasons for switching to organic dairy farm, environment-friendly farm management was the highest reason (54.5%). However, 45.5% of surveyed farms suffered difficulty in supply of organic feed. Therefore, stable supply of organic feed will be necessary to expand organic dairy farm in the future.