연초에서 발생하는 복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae)형태형 2종의 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD)을 이용한 유전적 유연관계 분석

채순용,이기원,김상석,장영덕 한국응용곤충학회 1998 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.37 No.1

연초에 채집하여 Blackman(1987)의 기주선호성과 형태적인 특징을 이용하여 분류한 방법에 의해 두가지 타입을 (M. persicae Sulzer와 M. nicotianae Blackman)으로 구분된 무시성충 복숭아 혹진딧물 8 클론의 유전적 특성을 분석을 위하여 RAPD-PCR방법을 이용하였다. 사용된 random primer(10-mer) 100개 중에서 20개의 primer을 선발하였는데 GC content가 70, 80, 90%인 primer에서 각각 26.9%, 50.5% 및 66.^%로 GC content가 높아질수록 PCR결과 band의 양상이 좋게 나타났다. simple matching coefficient를 구하여 matrix를 작성해 본 결과 유사계수(similarity coefficient)의 범위는 0.414~0.808사이이었다. 복숭아혹진딧물 clone 간에 유사계수가 가장 높은 것은 PG2와 PG3 클론으로 0.808로 나타났으며, DBR클론을 기준으로 하여 볼 때 PG2 클론간의 유사계수를 0.414로 유사도가 가장 낮았다. 유사계수를 이용하여 8가지 클론의 진딧물들에 대한 유전적 근연관RP를 살펴보면 M. persicae typer에 속하는 PG1, PG2, PG3 클론들과 M. nicotianae type에 속하는 RED 클론이 유사도 0.643에서 한그룹, M. nicotianae type에 속하는 GR1, GR2, BRN크론들이 유사도 0.636에서 유연관계가 있었으며 그리고 M. persicae type에 the하는 DBR클론 등 세 개의 그룹으로 구분되었다. 따라서 연초에서 발생한 복숭아혹진딧물 형태형 2종 (M. persicae와 M. nicotianae)에 대하여 RAPD 기법을 이용하여 분석해본 결과 뚜렷한 유전적 유연관계는 발견하지 못하였다. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze genetic similarity among 8 clones of apierous green peach aphid, two types (M. persicae Sulzer and M. nicotianae lack man) classified by their mo~hologi~cahla raters and host preference (Blackman, 1987), collected from tobacco plants. The genetic variation among these clones was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction amplification with 20 random primers. The higher GC contents of primers, the better in amplification efficiency of PCR reaction in general. The genetic similarities among eight aphid clones were analyzed from UPGMA (unweighted pair group average method) cluster analysis based on simple matching coefficient. The range of genetic similarity coefficients was 0.414 to 0.808. The most close relationship among the clones was similarity coefficient of 0.808 between the PG2 and the PG3 clone. The eight aphid clones analyzed were clustered into three groups by the genetic similarity coefficient. The first group, PG1, PG2, PG3 clone including in M. persicae type by their morphological characters and RED clone in M. nicotianae type was clustered at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.643. The second group, GR1, GR2, BRN in M. nicotianae type was at the 0.636;and the third group was DBR clone in M. persicae type. The results did not indicate any correlation between m&-phological types (M. persicae and M. nicotianae) and RAPD polymorphism. We could not detect any obvious genetic relationships of the two morphological types of the green peach aphid collected from tobacco plants.

약용식물 추출물의 복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae)에 대한 살충효과

김태수 ( Tae Su Kim ),이동운 ( Dong Woon Lee ) 한국토양동물학회 2013 한국토양동물학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Thirty four herbal plants were selected for the insectical test of Myzus persicae which is one of the major pests in horticultural crops in Korea. Methanol or hexane extracts were screened against M. persicae using leaf dipping method in the laboratory. Screening was performed at 1,000 ppm after 3, 7 and 10 days treatment to M. persicae. Insect mortality from the methanol or hexane extract treatments of Inula helenium, Melia azedarach, Pharbitis nil, and Quisqualis indica were higher than 60%. In the different concentration treatments (10,000 ppm, 5,000 ppm, and 1,000 ppm) of 4 plant extracts, Inula helenium and Pharbitis nil showed high mortality against Myzus persicae. But 10,000 ppm and 5,000 ppm concentration were showed phytotoxicity. Corrected mortality with Pharbitis nil against M. persicae on 10 days after treatment were more than 59%.

Insecticidal activity and feeding behavior of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, after treatment with nano types of pyrifluquinazon

Min Ah Kang,Mi Ja Seo,In-Cheon Hwang,Chul Jang,박현진,유용만,윤영남 한국응용곤충학회 2012 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.15 No.4

Pyrifluquinazon modifies insect behavior by rapidly stopping feeding so that insects starve to death. In the present study, the effects of two nano types of pyrifluquinazon and a non-nano type of pyrifluquinazon on mortality of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, were investigated using three different concentrations (25, 50, and 100 ppm). The nano types of pyrifluquinazon were formulated with a different molecular weight and density than that of chitosan (CS 30,000, 0.1% and CS 3000, 0.3%) for stability of unsteady core materials. According to the bioassay and the increased rate of aphids, both types of pyrifluquinazon at all concentrations were effective for controlling M. persicae. The CS 3000 0.3% nano type pyrifluquinazon exhibited a more effective controlled-release feature than that of the other type. The two nano types and the non-nano type pyrifluquinazon were bioassayed against M. persicae, and feeding behaviors were compared using the electrical penetration graph technique. The non-nano type appeared to have the best lethal efficiency at 2 days after treatment at 50 and 25 ppm according to the non-penetration time; however, both CS 30,000 0.1% and CS 3000 0.3%were effective at 14 days after treatment. Furthermore, reaction time slowed from 14 to 30 days after treatment in the CS 3000 0.3% treated aphids. As a result, CS 3000 0.3% had more effective controlled release at both concentrations

Investigation on the Role of Overexpression and Mutation of Carboxylesterase (E4) in Insecticide Resistance in Myzus persicae

Jung Hun Oh,Young Ho Kim,Ju Il Kim,Si Hyeock Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

To identify whether higher expression of carboxylesterase (CbE) E4 in Myzus persicae is due to gene duplication, gene copy number was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, to determine the actual protein concentration of CbE E4 and it activity, Western blotting and activity staining were conducted. CbE gene copy number was highly correlated with carbamate resistance ratio (r2=0.934). However, CbE E4 expression level was little correlated with insecticide resistance ratio (r2<0.046) and no apparent correlation was observed among the gene copy number, protein quantity and total activity of CbE E4. Therefore, it was assumed that not only quantitative changing but also qualitative alteration of CbE E4 occurred in M. persicae. To investigate any potential alteration of CbE E4, mutation survey was conducted by sequencing of CbE E4 from various local strains of M. persicae. G137D and W251L mutations have been known as the main mutations associated with structural change leading to resistance. Interestingly, a new G134C mutation, which is in proximity of G137D mutation, was identified in the oxyanion hole of CbE E4. To predict the functional role of this mutation in resistance, 3-dimensional structure modeling was conducted. In summary, CbE E4 appears to be involved in resistance to both pyrethroids and carbamates as a nonspecific hydrolase or sequestration protein in M. persicae.

A heat shock protein 70 protects the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) against high-temperature stress

Chen Nan,Tan Jia-Yu,Wang Ying,Qi Ming-Hui,Peng Jiang-Nan,Chen De-Xin,Liu Su,Li Mao-Ye 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.4

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are encoded by Hsp genes and are important in insect tolerance to heat stress. The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, is an important agricultural pest. The functions of Hsp genes in the thermal tolerance of M. persicae are unknown. This study identified an Hsp70 gene (MpHsp70a) and analyzed its role in protection against high-temperature stress. MpHsp70a encoded a protein consisting of 659 amino acid residues. The protein had three signature motifs of the HSP70 family and was predicted to be localized in the cytoplasm. The highest expression level of MpHsp70a was in adults, and differences in the mRNA levels between apterous and alate adults were not significant. Exposure to high temperatures (30, 35 and 40 ◦ C) for one hour and treatment with 40 ◦ C for different times (0.5, 1 and 2 h) all resulted in a greatly elevated expression level of MpHsp70a, suggesting that the gene is heat-inducible. The transcriptional level of MpHsp70a was suppressed by injection with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and knockdown of MpHsp70a significantly increased the suscep tibility of apterous adults to 40 ◦ C. These results indicate that MpHsp70a is required for tolerance to hightemperature stress in M. persicae. Our findings highlight the molecular mechanism underlying Hsp70-mediated thermal adaptation in M. persicae.

Identification of indole glucosinolate breakdown products with antifeedant effects on <i>Myzus persicae</i> (green peach aphid)

Kim, Jae Hak,Lee, Byong Won,Schroeder, Frank C.,Jander, Georg Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2008 The Plant journal Vol.54 No.6

<P>Summary</P><P>The cleavage of glucosinolates by myrosinase to produce toxic breakdown products is a characteristic insect defense of cruciferous plants. Although green peach aphids (<I>Myzus persicae</I>) are able to avoid most contact with myrosinase when feeding from the phloem of <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I>, indole glucosinolates are nevertheless degraded during passage through the insects. A defensive role for indole glucosinolates is suggested by the observation that <I>atr1D</I> mutant plants, which overproduce indole glucosinolates, are more resistant to <I>M. persicae</I>, whereas <I>cyp79B2 cyp79B3</I> double mutants, which lack indole glucosinolates, succumb to <I>M. persicae</I> more rapidly. Indole glucosinolate breakdown products, including conjugates formed with ascorbate, glutathione and amino acids, are elevated in the honeydew of <I>M. persicae</I> feeding from <I>atr1D</I> mutant plants, but are absent when the aphids are feeding on <I>cyp79B2 cyp79B3</I> double mutants. <I>M. persicae</I> feeding from wild-type plants and myrosinase-deficient <I>tgg1 tgg2</I> double mutants excrete a similar profile of indole glucosinolate-derived metabolites, indicating that the breakdown is independent of these foliar myrosinases. Artificial diet experiments show that the reaction of indole-3-carbinol, a breakdown product of indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate, with ascorbate, glutathione and cysteine produces diindolylmethylcysteines and other conjugates that have antifeedant effects on <I>M. persicae</I>. Therefore, the post-ingestive breakdown of indole glucosinolates provides a defense against herbivores such as aphids that can avoid glucosinolate activation by plant myrosinases.</P>

CMV 내병성 인자 도입 고추 계통이 복숭아혹진딧물의 생활사에 미치는 영향

천용식(Yong Shik Chun),나자현(Ja Hyun Na),신재협(Jae Hyub Shin),남영우(Youngwoo Nam),류문일(Mun Il Ryoo) 한국원예학회 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.2

The life table statistics of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) on CMV resistant gene introduced pepper (Capsicum annuum L., H15 line) was compared with that on the non transgenic control pepper line (P2377 line) without the introduction of the gene at 23 ± 0.5℃. Adult life span of M. persicae on the ‘P2377’ and ‘H15’ lines were similar to each other; 26.88 and 25.92 days for ‘P2377’ and ‘H15’, respectively. Numbers of nymphs produced per female and net reproduction rate were also similar to each other; the net reproduction rate of M. persicae on ‘P2377’ was 64.13 per generation and that on ‘H15’ was 66.43. The intrinsic rate of increase of M. persicae on ‘P2377’ and ‘H15’ were also estimated to be similar to each other (0.294 and 0.299 per day for ‘P2377’ and ‘H15’, respectively). The results suggested that the transgenic pepper line (H15) did not affect the life span of M. persicae.

Sublethal Effects of Flonicamid and Thiamethoxam on Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae and Feeding Behavior Analysis

( Sun Ran Cho ),( Hyun Na Koo ),( Chang Mann Yoon ),( Gil Hah Kim ) 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 2011 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.54 No.6

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer, is an important sap-sucking pest of many plants, including Chinese cabbage. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of sublethal concentrations of two insecticides (flonicamid and thiamethoxam) and the action mechanisms on the feeding behavior of M. persicae. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of flonicamid and thiamethoxam for adult M. persicae were 2.56 and 4.02 mg/L, respectively. The sublethal concentrations of flonicamid were 0.44 mg/L (LC10) and 1.25 mg/L (LC30), and those of thiamethoxam were 1.19 mg/L (LC10) and 2.45 mg/L (LC30). The developmental period of M. persicae nymphs was 5.9 days at LC10 and 6.1 days at LC30 for both insecticides compared to 5.7 days for the control. Adult longevities at LC10 and LC30 of flonicamid were 13.2 and 13.7 days, respectively. Adult longevity at LC10 of thiamethoxam was 14.7 days. Control adult longevity was 11.6 days. Total fecundity was higher at LC10 (41.8 offspring/female) and LC30 (43.0 offspring/ female) of flonicamid, and at LC10 (42.1 offspring/female) of thiamethoxam than that of the control (29.5 offspring/female). Feeding behavior analysis using an electrical penetration graph showed that sublethal doses of flonicamid and thiamethoxam had significant effects on the duration of phloem ingestion. However, higher doses of flonicamid induced starvation by inhibition of phloem ingestion and higher doses of thiamethoxam induced contact toxicity rather than inhibition of feeding behavior. This study provides the basis for a more efficient use of these pesticides in Korea.

Sublethal Effects of Flonicamid and Thiamethoxam on Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae and Feeding Behavior Analysis

Sun-Ran Cho,구현나,Changmann Yoon,Gil-Hah Kim 한국응용생명화학회 2011 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.54 No.6

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sülzer, is an important sap-sucking pest of many plants, including Chinese cabbage. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of sublethal concentrations of two insecticides (flonicamid and thiamethoxam) and the action mechanisms on the feeding behavior of M. persicae. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of flonicamid and thiamethoxam for adult M. persicae were 2.56 and 4.02 mg/L, respectively. The sublethal concentrations of flonicamid were 0.44 mg/L (LC10) and 1.25 mg/L (LC30), and those of thiamethoxam were 1.19 mg/L (LC10) and 2.45 mg/L (LC30). The developmental period of M. persicae nymphs was 5.9 days at LC10 and 6.1 days at LC30 for both insecticides compared to 5.7 days for the control. Adult longevities at LC10 and LC30 of flonicamid were 13.2 and 13.7 days, respectively. Adult longevity at LC10 of thiamethoxam was 14.7 days. Control adult longevity was 11.6 days. Total fecundity was higher at LC10 (41.8 offspring/female) and LC30 (43.0 offspring/female) of flonicamid, and at LC10 (42.1 offspring/female) of thiamethoxam than that of the control (29.5 offspring/female). Feeding behavior analysis using an electrical penetration graph showed that sublethal doses of flonicamid and thiamethoxam had significant effects on the duration of phloem ingestion. However, higher doses of flonicamid induced starvation by inhibition of phloem ingestion and higher doses of thiamethoxam induced contact toxicity rather than inhibition of feeding behavior. This study provides the basis for a more efficient use of these pesticides in Korea.

Entomopathogenic Fungi as Dual Control Agents against Both the Pest Myzus persicae and Phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea

( Hwi-geon Yun ),( Dong-jun Kim ),( Won-seok Gwak ),( Tae-young Shin ),( Soo-dong Wo ) 한국균학회 2017 Mycobiology Vol.45 No.3

The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), a plant pest, and gray mold disease, caused by Botrytis cinerea, affect vegetables and fruit crops all over the world. To control this aphid and mold, farmers typically rely on the use of chemical insecticides or fungicides. However, intensive use of these chemicals over many years has led to the development of resistance. To overcome this problem, there is a need to develop alternative control methods to suppress populations of this plant pest and pathogen. Recently, potential roles have been demonstrated for entomopathogenic fungi in endophytism, phytopathogen antagonism, plant growth promotion, and rhizosphere colonization. Here, the antifungal activities of selected fungi with high virulence against green peach aphids were tested to explore their potential for the dual control of B. cinerea and M. persicae. Antifungal activities against B. cinerea were evaluated by dual culture assays using both aerial conidia and cultural filtrates of entomopathogenic fungi. Two fungal isolates, Beauveria bassiana SD15 and Metarhizium anisopliae SD3, were identified as having both virulence against aphids and antifungal activity. The virulence of these isolates against aphids was further tested using cultural filtrates, blastospores, and aerial conidia. The most virulence was observed in the simultaneous treatment with blastospores and cultural filtrate. These results suggest that the two fungal isolates selected in this study could be used effectively for the dual control of green peach aphids and gray mold for crop protection.