3차원 동작분석법을 활용한 골프웨어 평가를 위한 기초연구 -상체 동작범위를 중심으로-

정혜원 ( Hye Won Chung ),신주영 ( Ju Young Annie Shin ),남윤자 ( Yun Ja Nam ) 한국의류산업학회 2016 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.18 No.3

The purpose of this study is to analyze joint angle for a range of swing motion derived through 3D motion analysis in order to design the ergonomic golf wear, use it for evaluation method of apparel fit to improve exercise functionality and provide the basic materials necessary for designing clothes. In order to do this, the subjects for this study were 3 men of age 20s. The data for a range of motion of golf swing were collected by using equipment for 3D motion analysis and then were used for analysis of joint angles and evaluation method of apparel fit. Range of motion was derived through 3D motion analysis of golf swing motion and joint angles for items of joint motion item and of X, Y, and Z-axis were calculated, respectively. In order to set the evaluation questions for evaluation of apparel fit, to find a range of motion at the maximal value and the minimal value of swing motion. As a result, during the swinging motion, neck extension, right shoulder extension, right/left elbow extension, right/left elbow supination did not appear. Items of joint motion showing the maximum at range of each swing motion were applied into 55 questions and consisted. The results of this study were meaningful as a basic study to apply 3D motion analysis to the fashion industry. It’s expected to be used to design functional clothing.

부지응답해석에 기반한 지반운동 선정 및 보정에 관한 고찰

황정현,목지욱,손현실,옥종호 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2020 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집 Vol.24 No.5

In the recent seismic design code KDS 41 17 00, selection and modification procedures of ground motions which are used for nonlinear dynamic analyses were adopted. However, its practical applications are still limited due to the lack of literatures. This paper introduces case studies which used site-response analyses to select and modify ground motions for nonlinear dynamic analyses. Based on the case studies, design criterion for site-response analyses were reviewed thoroughly in the viewpoint of practical applications. It was found that design requirements related with bedrock motions are too conservative that ground motions are selected and modified in the excessive manner. It is especially true for low-rise building structures with period ranges including acceleration-sensitive regions. Even though surface motions have shown appropriate responses, such building structures have to re-select and re-modify ground motions based on pre-analysis procedures rather than post-ones according to the current seismic design code. Also, it was observed that building structures with soft soils under strong ground motions need more comprehensive investigations on soil properties and efficient analysis methods in order to perform site-response analyses. This is due to the fact that lack of reliabilities on soil properties and analysis methods could result in unstable site-responses. 최신 내진설계기준 KDS 41 17 00에 비선형동적해석에 사용될 지반운동 선정 및 보정에 관한 절차가 반영되었으나 관련 문헌 부족으로 실무적 차원에서의 적용이 여전히 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구는 비선형동적해석 수행을 위한 지반운동을 선정하고 보정하기 위해 부지응답해석을 수행한 사례를 소개한다. 이에 근거하여, 현행 설계기준에 명기된 부지응답해석 관련 조항을 실무적용 차원에서 검토하였다. 그 결과 암반운동선정에 관한 설계조항이 지나치게 엄격하여 과도한 결과를 초래하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 가속도 민감 구간을 포함한 관심주기범위를 지닌 저층 구조물일수록 더욱 부각되는 것으로 판단된다. 특히 표면지진파가 기준에 적합한 응답을 보였음에도 불구하고, 해석 전 절차의 암반운동선정과 관련된 조항으로 인해 해석 후 절차와 관계없이 지진파를 다시 선정 및 보정해야만 했다. 또한, 연약지반이거나 해당 지반에 강한 지진이 발생하는 경우에는 지반물성과 적절한 해석 기법을 올바르게 선정하기 위해 더욱 엄격한 조사가 선행되어야 한다고 판단된다. 지반물성과 해석기법에 관한 신뢰도가 조금이라도 문제가 있다면 설계용도로 사용하기에 부적합한 결과를 초래할 수 있기 때문이다.

Unsupervised Motion Pattern Mining for Crowded Scenes Analysis

( Chongjing Wang ),( Xu Zhao ),( Yi Zou ),( Yuncai Liu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.12

Crowded scenes analysis is a challenging topic in computer vision field. How to detect diverse motion patterns in crowded scenarios from videos is the critical yet hard part of this problem. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to mining motion patterns by utilizing motion information during both long-term period and short interval simultaneously. To capture long-term motions effectively, we introduce Motion History Image (MHI) representation to access to the global perspective about the crowd motion. The combination of MHI and optical flow, which is used to get instant motion information, gives rise to discriminative spatial-temporal motion features. Benefitting from the robustness and efficiency of the novel motion representation, the following motion pattern mining is implemented in a completely unsupervised way. The motion vectors are clustered hierarchically through automatic hierarchical clustering algorithm building on the basis of graphic model. This method overcomes the instability of optical flow in dealing with time continuity in crowded scenes. The results of clustering reveal the situations of motion pattern distribution in current crowded videos. To validate the performance of the proposed approach, we conduct experimental evaluations on some challenging videos including vehicles and pedestrians. The reliable detection results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

소프트볼 타격에서 의도된 타구방향에 영향을 미치는 변인들의 비교 분석

백진호 ( Jin Ho Back ),박종철 ( Jong Chul Park ),송주호 ( Joo Ho Song ),홍대원 ( Dae Won Hong ),여철훈 ( Chul Hoon Yeo ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2011 체육과학연구 Vol.22 No.4

이 연구는 여자 국가대표 소프트볼 선수들을 대상으로 배트 컨트롤에 의한 의도적인 타구 방향에 따라 나타나는 변인들의 차이를 비교 분석하여 세부적인 타격 기술 완성하는데 기여하고 기술 훈련을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있었으며 이러한 연구 목적에 따라 국가대표 소프트볼 여자선수들 중 좌타자 2명의 선수를 고속 촬영을 통한 3차원 동작분석과 지면반력분석을 통해 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. S1은 LD동작이 RD동작보다 긴 소요시간을 나타냈고 임팩트 시점과 최대 배트속도는 RD동작이 빠른 것으로 나타났다. S2는 LD동작보다 RD동작이 더 긴 소요시간은 나타냈고 배트 임팩트 시점과 최대 배트속도는 LD동작에서 빠르게 나타났다. 구간별 소요시간의 차이는 보였으나 Pre & Post 구간 비율이 약 6:4 정도로 나타났다. 신체중심의 속도변화에서 S1과 S2 모두 RD동작에서는 신체중심이 전방으로 이동하며 낮아지고 홈플레이트에서 멀어지며 임팩트 되었는데, LD동작에서는 홈플레이트 쪽으로 이동되며 임팩트하는 것으로 나타났다. 관절의 각도변화에서 양 선수 모두 RD동작에서는 TSA, TTA각 모두 감소하였고 LD동작에서는 서로 다른 변화를 보였으며, XFA각은 변화량은 RD동작 보다 LD동작이 더 큰 변화량을 보였다. 지면반력의 전·후 성분F(x)에서 RD동작에서는 양 선수 모두 좌측발의 뒤꿈치와 우측발 발끝에 체중이 실려 있었으나 LD동작에서 S1선수는 좌측발 발뒤꿈치에 있었으나 우측발은 발뒤꿈치에서 발끝으로, 임팩트 시 임팩트 후 다시 발뒤꿈치로의 이동이 나타났다. 좌·우 성분F(y)에서 준비동작에서 RD동작은 양발 안쪽에 체중이 실려 있었고, LD은 양발 바깥쪽에 체중이 실려 있었다. 수직성분F(z)에서 RD동작과 LD동작 모두 좌측발에 체중을 모은 상태로 임팩트하는 것으로 나타났고 이후 우측발로 이동하는 모습을 나타냈다. This study aimed to contribute to completing detailed hitting techniques by comparing and analyzing the kinetic differences according to intentional ball flight by bat control for Korean national female softball players and to provide with basic data for technical training, and for the research purposes, the results obtained through 3D motion analysis using the high-speed photography of two of the Korean national female left-handed softball playes and ground reaction force analysis are as follows. S1 shows the required time in which LD motion is longer than RD motion and it turned out that impact point of time and maximum bat velocity was faster in RD motion. S2 shows the required time in which RD motion is longer than LD motion and the bat impact point of time and maximum bat velocity was faster in LD motion. There was a difference in the required time in sections but the ratio of Pre & Post sections turned out to be about 6:4. In the change of the velocity of the center of mass, in S1 and S2 both, the center of mass moved forward and was lowered in RD motion and impacted going away from the home plate while in LD motion, it turned out to be impacted moving toward the home plate. In the change of the angle of the joint, both TSA and TTA decreased in RD motion of both players and changed differently in LD motion, and for XFA angle, LD motion showed a bigger change than RD motion did. For the pre- and post-component F(x) of Ground Reaction Force (GRF), weight was loaded to the heel of the left foot and the tiptoe of the right foot in both players during RD motion; however, in LD motion, the weight of Player S1 was loaded on the heel of the left foot but for the right foot, it moved from the heel to the tiptoe, and then it moved to the heel during and after the impact again. In the stand-by motion of the left/right component F(y), for RD motion, the weight was loaded on the inner side of both feet while for LD, it was loaded on the outer side of both feet. In vertical component F(z), in RD motion and LD motion both, it turned out that they impacted while putting their weight on the left foot and later it moved to the right foot.

남자 발레 무용수의 점프 동작에 관한 운동학적 분석

신은석(Eun Seok Shin),송인아(In Ah Song),최성이(Sung Yi Choi) 한국무용과학회 2009 한국무용과학회지 Vol.18 No.-

본 연구는 남자 발레 무용수의 점프동작에 관한 운동학적 분석을 위해, 무용경력이 10~16년이며 현재 신체적 상해를 가지지 않는 직업무용수 U발레단의 키 175cm이하 남자 무용수 2명과 키 180cm 이상의 남자 무용수 2명을 대상으로, 제 2번 포지션에서의 수직점프를 점프유형에 따라 동작 1, 동작 2, 동작 3으로 구분하여 영상 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 각 구간별 소요시간은 동작 1의 Phase 1에서 소요시간이 가장 길게 소요되었고, 동작 3의 Phase 4에서 가장 짧게 소요되었다. 총소요시간은 동작 1이 가장 길게 나타났다. 2. 체공시간은 동작 3에서 가장 길게 소요되었고 동작 2에서 가장 짧게 소요되었다. 3. 무게중심의 위치는 수직이동에서 동작 3의 Event 3과 3-1에서 키가 작은 피험자 A, B는 상승하고 키가 큰 무용수 C, D 는 하강하였다. 4. 피험자 A, B, C, D 모두 도약기 때의 무릎각도가 착지기 때의 무릎각도 보다 더 작은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 착지 때의 무릎각도는 피험자 A, B가 피험자 C, D에 비해 더 작은 것으로 나타났다. 이상에서 제시한 결과를 종합해보면, 제 2번 포지션 수직점프의 유형에 따른 점프 동작시 키 175cm이하 2명의 무용수는 키 180cm이상 2명의 무용수보다 체공시간은 짧았으나 동작 3의 탕 르베 소떼 바튜(temps levee sautee)동작 시 Event 3과 Event 3-1 구간에서 신체 무게중심이 수직으로 올라가면서 점프를 한 것으로 나타났으나, 키 180cm이상 2명의 무용수는 신체 무게중심이 내려오면서 동작을 수행한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과 키가 작은 무용수는 점점 더 높은 수직이동으로 빠르게 뱌튜 동작을 수행하며, 착지 시 동작의 시간적여유가 있어 미적으로도 가장 이상적인 탕 르베 소떼 동작을 하였으며, 키가 큰 무용수는 바튜 동작을 수행할 때 수직으로의 점프는 좋지만, 착지시 시간적인 여유가 없어 키가 작은 무용수에 비해 미적으로도 이상적이지 못한 탕 르베 소떼 동작을 하였다. For kinematic analysis on ballerino's jump motions, this study analyzed those in 2 ballerinos with height below 175 cm and the other 2 ballerinos with height over 180 cm, which all had 10- to 16-year dance career and acted as professional dancer for U ballet company without any physical damage as of this research. Here, their upright jump motion at second position was subdivided into motion 1, 2 and 3 according to jump type for imaging analysis. As a result, this study came to the following conclusions: 1. For time spent in each section, Phase 1 of Motion 1 took longest time of all, while Phase 4 of Motion 3 took shortest time of all. For off-the-ground time, Motion 3 took longest time of all, while Motion 2 took shortest time of all. 2. For horizontal displacement resulting from COG placement, Event 3 of Motion 3 showed furthest displacement. For sagittal displacement, Event 2 of Motion 1 and 2 as well as Event 5 of Motion 3 showed furthest displacement of all. And for perpendicular displacement, Subject A and B with relatively low stature showed further displacement in Phase 2 and 3 of Motion 3. 3. All the four subjects hereof showed deeper knee angle at landing moment than at jumping moment. In addition, Subject A and B showed deeper knee angle at landing moment than Subject C and D. Summing up, it was found that upon jumping motions according to No. 2 position upright jump, 2 ballerinos with height below 175cm showed shorter off-the-ground time than other 2 ballerinos with height over 180cm, but upon motions of Temps Leves Sautes Battus in Motion 3, the former ballerinos showed their COG lifted upward vertically across Phase 2 and 3, while the latter ballerinos performed motions with their COG decreasing downward across Phase 2 and 3. In addition, Motion 1 took total time comparable to Motion 3, but Motion 2 took the shortest total time of all. All the four ballerinos, whether they have height below 175cm or over 180cm, showed lower knee and hip joint angle of demiplie in landing section than in jumping section of Motion 1, 2 and 3. Conclusively, it was found that ballerinos with relatively low stature performed battu motions with gradually higher perpendicular movement rapidly but in short off-the-ground time, and took advantages of timing margin in landing motions so that they could take most ideal temps levee sautee motions in esthetic aspect. On the other hand, ballerinos with relatively high stature jumped upright well with battu motions even in longer off-the-ground time, but failed to perform ideal temps levee sautee motions in esthetic aspect, mainly because of insufficient timing margin in landing, compared to ballerinos with relatively low stature.

Bobsled Shoe Requirements using 3D Motion Analysis in Korea

( Seung Bum Park ),( Kyung Deuk Lee ),( Dae Woong Kim ),( Jung Hyeon Yoo ),( Kyung Hun Kim ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: Bobsledding has been an official Winter Olympics event since 1924. From a biomechanical perspective, the differentiation of performance into material-specific, athlete-specific, and environment-specific, as well as external factors, has been the object of previous descriptive (Morlock & Zatsiorsky, 1989) and simulation studies (1-D: Baumann, 1973, 3-D: Hubbard, Kallay, & Rowhani, 1987). The push phase in the bobsled start was also investigated with simulation models by Cecioni, Dal Monte, Komor, and Leonardi (1984), Leonardi, Komor, and Dal Monte (1985), and Sust and Jung (1990). This study researched the starting and sprint action based on previous research about the angle change of ankle, knee, hip and upper body using an evaluation method designed for the development of bio-mechanical performance evaluation based on Korean-style bobsleigh shoe. Method: The study surveyed four national men bobsledders of Gangwon Bobsleigh Skeleton Federation Korea and Korea Sangjidaegwallyeong High School to conduct analysis of the bobsled starting motion. The survey used 18 units of three-dimensional motion analysis raptor-E, USA, and performed a comparison analysis by measuring the ROM (Range of Motion) of bobsled starting motion. Result: According to analysis of the ROM for bobsled starting motion, a participant with fast starting motion time demonstrated smaller ROM in the hip and knee joints than that of a participant with slow starting motion time, while the ankle joint movement was significant. Conclusion: As a result of the study, Korean-style bobsleigh shoe development has enhanced the bobsleigh starting motion. Such shoes will help the body to keep still by reducing the movement of the knee and hip joints, while expanding the ROM of the ankle joint, thereby, improving athletes` overall performance.

3D 인체데이터 및 수상스키 동작적합성에 따른 래시가드 니트웨어 개발 연구(제Ⅰ보) - 3D 인체데이터를 중심으로 -

정윤경,김경희 한국니트디자인학회 2021 패션과 니트 Vol.19 No.1

In this study, it is meaningful to provide basic data to help develop competitive water leisure sportswear that responds to consumer needs by analyzing body surface changes by water ski movements based on human body data using 3D scanners. The research method selected three people within the standard error range of their 20s and 30s presented by the Korea Agency of Technology and Standards from those with more than one year of experience in water skiing. Based on preceding research, 3D scanning was conducted with five selected types of movements to identify changes in body surface by motion, and the average joint range of four types of water ski movements was calculated through the 3D motion analysis system. The results of this study are as follows: First, the design area could be set up in the front and back neck area, the center area between the front shoulders and chest size, the area between the back and hip, the center area between back shoulders and chest size, and the lower arm area. Second, as a result of joint angle analysis of ski movements through the 3D motion analysis system, the motion with the largest neck bend angle is a ‘two hand turn motion’ with a forward bend angle of 35.8˚ and the minimum angle is a ‘two ski start motion’ with a backward angle of 4.39˚. In the range of arm flexion, 84.21˚ was the largest in the ‘two ski start motion’, and 6.99˚ was the smallest in the ‘one-hand turn motion‘. In addition, the average angle of the elbow was large at 41.46˚ in one-hand turn motion, while the torso bend angle leaned forward at 53.34˚ in two-ski start motion, and the two-hand turn and one-hand turn motion leaned back at 0.66˚ and 2.06˚, respectively.

영상(映像)분석을 위한 시나리오 분석기법 연구

김영찬(Kim Youngchan),천하나(Cheon Hana) 한국디지털디자인학회 2011 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.11 No.3

영상은 이야기 즉 시나리오를 바탕으로 디자인된다. 때문에 시나리오의 분위기에 따라 영상디자인의 분위기도 함께 달라질 수밖에 없다. 더 나아가 그러한 분위기를 만들어내는 시나리오의 개별적인 특성도 디자인에 묻어나게 된다. 영상디자인을 위해서는 영상이미지의 심미적 구성이나 기능적 배치 이전에 그 극의 바탕이 되는 시나리오를 이해할 필요가 있으며 이를 위해 체계적으로 시나리오를 분석할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 시나리오를 분석하기 위해 기존의 방식인 서사적 분석기법을 살펴보고 이를 보완할 수 있는 체계적인 분석방법으로 기호학적 분석기법을 살펴보왔으며 이를 실제사례에 적용하여 그 실제적인 성과를 따져 보았다. 즉 동일한 주제를 가진 영화,'타임크라임','프리모니션','트라이앵글'을 시나리오 분석기법과 기호학적 분석기법으로 분석하여 그 차이점을 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 이를 통해 보다 체계적이고 구체적인 시나리오 분석을 통해 보다 심도 깊은 영상디자인을 제작하는데 기여하고자 하였다. Image of Motion graphic is designed by scenario. Therefore the atmosphere of Motion graphic changes with the atmosphere of scenario. Furthermore the scenario that forms such atmosphere is reflected on the design and Motion graphic also concern about this. For Motion graphic before the aesthetic organization or functional arrangement of Motion graphic there is a need for understanding of the scenario which is the essence of the play. For the understanding the scenario strategically analyzing the scenario is necessary. This research studied narrative analysis and semiotic analysis through scenario analysis and determined the results by applying this to actual cases. For example this study analyzed the movie'ime Crime','Premonition' and'Triangle' with scenario analysis and semiotic analysis and studied each movie's Motion graphic based on the analysis. This research aimed to produce a highly qualified Motion graphic through strategic and concrete scenario analysis.

Motion Analysis of Mother's Embracing and Rocking a Baby and Development of Excitation Apparatus

Kohei Yamaguchi,Hiroki Kobayashi,Yoshihumi Morita,Yuki Sakaida,Ryojun Ikeura,Kiyoko Yokoyama 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

Recently, the people who are under a lot of stress have increased. Too much stress may cause various physical and/or mental disorders. The final aim of our project is to develop a relaxation machine for reducing stress by using rocking vibration. As rocking vibration, motion of a mother"s embracing and rocking of a baby is adopted. In this paper, we analyze the motion of the mother"s embracing and rocking of a baby using a 3D motion capture system, and design and manufacture an excitation apparatus simulating the mother"s motions. It is found from the experimental analysis that there are two types of the mother"s motions. The both motions consist of linear motion and rotational motion. The excitation apparatus has two degrees-of freedom for linear and rotational motions.

Emotional Analysis of Human Motion for the Silver Robots

Euijung Yang,Wonil Hwang,Taezoon Park,Jihong Hwang 대한인간공학회 2011 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the preferred human motions and their physical characteristics to design silver robots for the elderly. Background: In the aging society, special cares for the elderly is needed these days. One of the alternatives for caring the elderly is the silver robot. Silver robots' appearance, speech, and haptic elements are actively studied for improving the interaction with the elderly. However there are few studies regarding the robot's motions. Proper motions of silver robots could be designed through investigating the human motions preferred by elderly. Method: Two-phased empirical study was conducted in order to investigate human motions preferred by the elderly. In the first phase, four representative human motions, such as 'greeting', 'I don't know', 'positive answer', and 'giving', were captured through 28 body makers and video recording. 10 young (5 males, 5 females) and 6 elderly (3 males, 3 females) people participated in the motion capture process. In the second phase, the communication efficiency, emotion, and satisfaction of the human motions recorded in the first phase were measured by the questionnaire and 30 elderly people participated. Results: In terms of communication efficiency and satisfaction, female motions were preferred and the elderly motion for 'positive answer' behavior was preferred, whereas the young motions were preferred for the other 3 behaviors. As for the emotion, female motions and young motions were preferred in terms of 'friendliness'. Conclusion: Silver robots need to be designed reflecting the characteristics of human motions preferred by the elderly. Specifically female motions characterized by torso and shoulder motions, and young motions characterized by rapid and big motions need to be considered for the silver robots' design.