Mobile IPv6 망에서 소스이동성을 갖는 멀티캐스팅 라우팅 및 비용 모델

박병섭 한국콘텐츠학회 2004 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.4 No.4

In mobile network, the maintenance of host grouping or the multicast delivery tree for multicasting algorithm becomes a major issues. In this paper, we explore the issues of mobile Multicast scheme using Mobile-IPv6, and addresses case when a mobile host is a source as well as a recipient of a given multicast operation using MLD(Multicast Listener Discovery) scheme, and the proposed MLD-based multicasting protocol asks its HA(Home Agent) to stop forwarding multicast for group using tunneling. We examine and compare our model to existing approaches by proposed cost model, and observe an improved performacne. 모바일 네트워크에서 멀티캐스팅 알고리즘을 구현시에는, 호스트 그룹핑이나 멀티캐스트 제공 트리를 효율적으로 관리하는 것이 주요한 이슈이다. 본 논문에서는 Mobile-IPv6 기반에서 멀티캐스트 문제 등을 고찰하며, MLD 프로토콜을 사용하여 수신자뿐만 아니라 소스도 이동성을 갖는 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 터널을 사용하여 그룹에 대한 멀티캐스팅을 중단하도록 HA에 요청하는 방식이며, 비용분석 모델을 통하여 그 효율성을 입증한다.

도로이동오염원의 활동도와 도로변 질소산화물 농도의 관계

김진식(Jin Sik Kim),최윤주(Yun Ju Choi),이경빈(Kyoung Bin Lee),김신도(Shin Do Kim) 한국대기환경학회 2016 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.32 No.1

Ozone has been a problem in big cities. That is secondary air pollutant produced by nitrogen oxide and VOCs in the atmosphere. In order to solve this, the first to be the analysis of the NOx and VOCs. The main source of nitrogen oxide is the road mobile. Industrial sources in Seoul are particularly low, and mobile traffics on roads are large, so 45% of total NOx are estimated that road mobile emissions in Seoul. Thus, it is necessary to clarify the relation with the activity of road mobile source and NO<SUB>x</SUB> concentration. In this study, we analyzed the 4 locations with roadside automatic monitoring systems in their center. The V.K.T. calculating areas are set in circles with 50 meter spacing, 50 meter to 500 meter from their center. We assumed the total V.K.T. in the set radius affect the NOx concentration in the center. We used the hourly NO<SUB>x</SUB> concentrations data for the 4 observation points in July for the interference of the other sources are minimized. We used the intersection traffic survey data of all direction for construction of the V.K.T. data, the mobile activities on the roads. ArcGIS application was used for calculating the length of roads in the set radius. The V.K.T. data are multiplied by segment traffic volume and length of roads. As a result, the NO<SUB>x</SUB> concentration can be expressed as linear function formula for V.K.T. with high predictive power. Moreover we separated background concentration and concentrations due to road mobile source. These results can be used for forecasting the effect of traffic demand management plan.

국내 이동오염원에서 발생되는 벤젠 배출량 산정

이주형(Ju-Hyoung Lee),차준석(Jun-Seok Cha),홍지형(Ji-Hyung Hong),정동일(Dong-Il Jung),김지영(Ji-Young Kim) 한국대기환경학회 2008 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Benzene is a very harmful and toxic compound known as human carcinogen by all routes of exposure. Owing to the risky feature of benzene, several countries such as Japan, UK and EU have established the ambient air quality standard and protect from that risk of it. Korea also has designated it as one of the criteria air pollutants and established the concentration limit (5 ㎍/㎥) in the air and is going to apply the standard from 2010. Benzene is emitted from various sources such as combustion plants, production processes, waste treatment facilities and also automobiles. Mobile source is known as one of the major emission sources of benzene. In this study, we estimated the domestic emissions of benzene from mobile source and compared the results with those of advanced countries. Mobile source was divided into 2 categories, i.e., on-road source and non-road source. The total emissions of benzene from mobile source were estimated as 3,106 tons/yr and 1,612 tons/yr was emitted from on-road source and 1,494 tons/yr was from non-road source. Emission ratio of benzene from on-road source showed that 80.0% was from passenger cars, 10.1% was from taxis, 7.2% was from light-duty vehicles, 2.5% was from heavy-duty vehicles and 0.2% was from buses. In the case of non-road source, the distribution showed that 66.3% was from construction machineries, 14.5% was from locomotives, 11.7% was from ships, 7.1% was from agriculture equipments and 0.5% was from aircrafts. The cold-start emissions were estimated as 942 tons/yr and this value was almost 1.5 times greater than that for hot engine emissions (608 tons/yr). In addition, the fuel-based distribution was 65.9%, 31.1% and 2.8% from gasoline, LPG and diesel vehicles, respectively. The emission ratio from mobile source occupied 65% and 30% of total benzene emissions in USA and UK, respectively. In case of Korea, the emission ratio of benzene from mobile source occupied 29% (15% from on-road source, 14% from non-road source) which showed similar value with UK.

국내 이동오염원에서 발생되는 벤젠 배출량 산정

이주형(Ju-Hyoung Lee),차준석(Jun-Seok Cha),홍지형(Ji-Hyung Hong),정동일(Dong-Il Jung),김지영(Ji-Young Kim) 한국대기환경학회 2008 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.24 No.E1

Benzene is a very harmful and toxic compound known as human carcinogen by all routes of exposure. Owing to the risky feature of benzene, several countries such as Japan, UK and EU have established the ambient air quality standard and protect from that risk of it. Korea also has designated it as one of the criteria air pollutants and established the concentration limit (5 ㎍/㎥) in the air and is going to apply the standard from 2010. Benzene is emitted from various sources such as combustion plants, production processes, waste treatment facilities and also automobiles. Mobile source is known as one of the major emission sources of benzene. In this study, we estimated the domestic emissions of benzene from mobile source and compared the results with those of advanced countries. Mobile source was divided into 2 categories, i.e., on-road source and non-road source. The total emissions of benzene from mobile source were estimated as 3,106 tons/yr and 1,612 tons/yr was emitted from on-road source and 1,494 tons/yr was from non-road source. Emission ratio of benzene from on-road source showed that 80.0% was from passenger cars, 10.1% was from taxis, 7.2% was from light-duty vehicles, 2.5% was from heavy-duty vehicles and 0.2% was from buses. In the case of non-road source, the distribution showed that 66.3% was from construction machineries, 14.5% was from locomotives, 11.7% was from ships, 7.1% was from agriculture equipments and 0.5% was from aircrafts. The cold-start emissions were estimated as 942 tons/yr and this value was almost 1.5 times greater than that for hot engine emissions (608 tons/yr). In addition, the fuel-based distribution was 65.9%, 31.1% and 2.8% from gasoline, LPG and diesel vehicles, respectively. The emission ratio from mobile source occupied 65% and 30% of total benzene emissions in USA and UK, respectively. In case of Korea, the emission ratio of benzene from mobile source occupied 29% (15% from on-road source, 14% from non-road source) which showed similar value with UK.

Optimal Trajectory Control for Capturing a Mobile Sound Source by a Mobile Robot

Kim, M. S. Hyunwoo,Han, Jongho,Lee, Jangmyung World Scientific Publishing Company 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANOID ROBOTICS Vol.14 No.4

<P>This paper presents a novel trajectory planning optimization process for a mobile robot to capture a mobile sound source (MSS) efficiently. The sound source can be an arbitrary object for the mobile robot to follow, such as a human being. The mobile robot is equipped with a microphone array so that it can obtain the location and direction of the MSS. During the capturing process, the location and direction of the MSS need to be known in advance so that an optimal path for capturing the sound source can be generated based upon a single or a double curvature path. Also a path predictive algorithm is used to estimate the moving path of the sound source. The conventional Kalman filter is used to realize an efficient prediction process for the mobile robot to capture the sound source quickly and accurately. The validity of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated through its application in real experiments.</P>

교통환경정책 수립을 위한 대기환경 개선효과 추정방안 연구 도로이동오염원을 중심으로

한진석 ( Jin-seok Hahn ),서은주,서원호,김승범,최윤영 한국환경연구원 2016 기본연구보고서 Vol.2016 No.-

This study proposes an analysis method to test the improvement effects of air quality that can be used at the establishment stage of transport policy targeting mobile sources. The method considers changes to the volume of mobile emissions following policy enforcement, changes to the emission level of air pollutants, atmospheric dispersion of air pollutants, and the effects of air pollutants on the health of local residents, sequentially. In particular, changes to the traffic volume of mobile sources must be considered in the method to improve the effects of the atmospheric environment because the traffic volume has a direct connection to the effects of the policy. In this study, we intend to detail the changes to travelers`s travel behavior following policy enforcement. We will apply the bottom-up approach (BUA) based on the traffic demand model rather than top-down approach (TDA) when calculating changes to the emission level of the mobile sources. This study proposes analysis methods to test the effects of air quality by classifying into macro/meso-level analysis and micro-level analysis based on reviewing the analysis methodology used to test the emission level of mobile sources, analysis methodology for air quality, analysis methodology for health effects, and the related study cases from within and outside Korea. The TDA method and/or BUA method will be used to analyze the emission level of the mobile sources, depending on the type of policy. However, the BUA method must be applied when changes to the traveler`s travel behavior are expected in response to policy enforcement. The analysis method proposed in this study can be applied at the macro/meso level or micro level according to the size of the benefit from the policy, ripple effect, and other factors; however, application of the micro level BUA method in calculating the emission level of mobile sources is limited because the database on public confidence has not yet been established.

A Novel Architecture for Mobile Crowd and Cloud computing for Health care

레티나쿠마르,Gopinath Ganapathy,강정진 국제문화기술진흥원 2018 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.6 No.4

The rapid pace of growth in internet usage and rich mobile applications and with the advantage of incredible usage of internet enabled mobile devices the Green Mobile Crowd Computing will be the suitable area to research combining with cloud services architecture. Our proposed Framework will deploy the eHealth among various health care sectors and pave a way to create a Green Mobile Application to provide a better and secured way to access the Products/ Information/ Knowledge, eHealth services, experts / doctors globally. This green mobile crowd computing and cloud architecture for healthcare information systems are expected to lower costs, improve efficiency and reduce error by also providing better consumer care and service with great transparency to the patient universally in the field of medical health information technology. Here we introduced novel architecture to use of cloud services with crowd sourcing.

Mobility-Sensitive Multicast Protocol in NEMO

Long-Sheng Li,Hung-I Chi,Kai-Chung Xie,Din-Yuan Chan 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.16 No.6

In view of the past, the mobility of the multicast source in the mobility networks is seldom discussed in the traditional multicast protocols. It is a heavy cost for the traditional multicast protocols to reconstruct the multicast tree in the Network Mobility (NEMO) environment. This article proposes an alternative multicast protocol, referred to as Mobility-Sensitive Multicast protocol (MSM), for the NEMO environment. The MSM can be considered as an alternative version of the Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol to maintain the multicast tree in the NEMO. There are two obvious contributions for the MSM. Reconstruct mechanism could rebuild the multicast tree for the mobility of the multicast source. Multi-group suppression mechanism reduce the multicast tree maintaining cost for the mobility of the multicast members. Through the performance evaluations and analyses, the MSM has less cost to maintain the multicast tree than the traditional multicast protocols, especially for a large numbers of multicast groups. Moreover, the MSM allows the mobility of the multicast source to reconstruct the multicast tree easily.

A Novel Architecture for Mobile Crowd and Cloud computing for Health care

kumar, Rethina,Ganapathy, Gopinath,Kang, Jeong-Jin The International Promotion Agency of Culture Tech 2018 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.6 No.4

The rapid pace of growth in internet usage and rich mobile applications and with the advantage of incredible usage of internet enabled mobile devices the Green Mobile Crowd Computing will be the suitable area to research combining with cloud services architecture. Our proposed Framework will deploy the eHealth among various health care sectors and pave a way to create a Green Mobile Application to provide a better and secured way to access the Products/ Information/ Knowledge, eHealth services, experts / doctors globally. This green mobile crowd computing and cloud architecture for healthcare information systems are expected to lower costs, improve efficiency and reduce error by also providing better consumer care and service with great transparency to the patient universally in the field of medical health information technology. Here we introduced novel architecture to use of cloud services with crowd sourcing.

단방향 링크를 지원하는 이동 Ad Hoc 라우팅 프로토콜

이광배,김현유,정근원,Lee, Kwang-Bae,Kim, Hyun-Ug,Jung, Kun-Won 한국전기전자학회 2001 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.5 No.1

In this paper, we propose a dynamic source routing protocol supporting asymmetric paths for mobile Ad Hoc networks that contain unidirectional links. At present, the existing dynamic source routing protocol supports only symmetric paths that consist of bidirectional links for routing. However, in fact, there can exist unidirectional links due to asymmetric property of mobile terminals or current wireless environment. Thus, we implement a mobile Ad Hoc routing protocol supporting unidirectional links, which is fit for more general wireless environment. Especially, the proposed protocol uses an improved multipath maintenance method in order to perform rapid route reconfiguration when route error due to mobility is detected. For performance evaluation, we consider the following factors: average route discovery time and average data reception rate. In order to obtain the factors of the performance evaluation, we did simulation for 900 seconds in the step of 100 seconds with the following scenarios: usage of route cache in intermediate nodes on route path, and different mobility/connection patterns.