군사혁신의 잘못된 약속과 이라크 전쟁의 난항: 미국의 군사혁신은 어떻게 미국을 이라크 전쟁의 수렁으로 이끌었는가?

이병구 (사) 한국전략문제연구소 2019 전략연구 Vol.26 No.2

This study argues that military transformation initiatives pursued by theU.S. between the Gulf War in 1991 and the start of the Iraq War sufferedfrom such problems as the lack of clear threats, the absence of centralizedleadership for military innovation, and the lack of adequately manageddecentralized military innovation by the Services. It also argues that theseproblems led to a biased pursuit of military innovation centered mostly onadopting advanced technologies, creating false promises for military effectiveness. It also maintains that, as a result, the U.S. military committed a fatalstrategic mistake initiating the Iraq War largely unprepared for the realityof war. The analysis of this paper on the process that the U.S. militarytransformation efforts led to the quagmire of the Iraq War provides threeimportant implications for the conditions and management for the creationof effective military innovation. First, civilian leadership or military leadershipneeds to clearly define threats that the country is facing or is expected toface and, based on this, to present focused goals and guidance for militaryinnovation. Second, an effective management that utilizes the advantages andminimizes the drawbacks of decentralized military innovation is necessary. Third, sound civil-military relations is key for an effective military innovation. Military innovation is not automatic. It is important to understand thatmilitary innovation gets its potential only when adequate conditions existand that it is a difficult strategic task which demands careful and plannedmanagement. 본 연구는 1991년 걸프전 이후 이라크 전쟁 전까지 미국이 추진했던 군사변혁이 명시적적의 부재, 대통령과 국방부의 중앙집권적 군사혁신 리더십 부재 뿐만 아니라 관리되지 않은 각군의 분권적 군사혁신 추진의 문제를 안고 있었으며 이로 인해 군사변혁이 군사과학기술 중심의 불완전한 형태로 진행된 결과 잘못된 과신을 유발하였다고 주장한다. 본 연구는그 결과 미군이 전쟁의 현실에 적절히 대비되지 않은 상태에서 이라크 전쟁을 감행하는 전략적 실책을 범하였다고 주장한다. 미국의 군사변혁이 이라크 전쟁의 난항으로 이어지는 과정에 대한 본 연구의 분석은 올바른 군사혁신의 창출을 위해 요구되는 조건과 관리에 대하여 세 가지 중요한 시사점을 제공한다. 첫째, 민간 지도부 또는 군 지도부는 국가가 당면하고 있는 또는 당면할 위협을 명확하게 정의하고 이를 바탕으로 초점 있는 군사혁신의 목표와 지침을 제시하고 관리해 나가야한다. 둘째, 분권적 군사혁신의 장점을 활용하는 한편, 단점을 인식하고 이를 최소화하는 군사혁신 관리가 필요하다. 셋째, 올바른 군사혁신을 위해서는 건전한 민군관계의 설정이 중요하다. 군사혁신은 자연적으로 발생하지 않는다. 군사혁신은 적절한 조건이 조성되었을 때에만 그 가능성을 타진할 수 있으며 주도면밀한 관리가 요구되는 매우 어려운 작업이라는점을 인식하는 것이 중요하다. 군사혁신은 자연적으로 발생하지 않는다. 군사혁신은 적절한조건이 조성되었을 때에만 그 가능성을 타진할 수 있으며 주도면밀한 관리가 요구되는 매우어려운 작업이라는 점을 인식하는 것이 중요하다.

A Study on the Performance Analysis of MILITARY Culture Innovation

Kijung Kim,Wonseok Kang J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.6 No.1

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate and analyze whether the military culture innovation, which has been being promoted since 2014, is doing well through a survey of Army soldiers on "A Survey on the Feelings of Military Culture Innovation." In particular, a qualitative performance analysis of military culture innovation was conducted through a survey on the awareness and satisfaction of soldiers who are experiencing military culture innovation in personally. Method: In this work, we selected suitable questions for the study through factor analysis of the SPSS program and conducted the study in two main ways on selected questions. The first is to conduct an analysis of the performance of military culture innovation through the average of the selected detailed questions for each part on the five implementations of military culture innovation. Second, we divided the officers and soldiers among the survey respondents to see if the results of their survey on the level of military culture innovation showed a difference, and analyzed whether the difference was significant through the SPSS program's independent sample T test. Results: The results of the analysis conducted using selected questions through factor analysis are as follows: First, as a result of the analysis of the feeling of military culture innovation, we produced positive results that we are "somewhat satisfied" with all five implementations. Second, there was a significant difference between the officer group and the soldier group in terms of the sense of military culture innovation. Conclusion: This study was conducted using the most survey results among the performance analysis of mili-tary culture innovation that has ever been done, so the reliability is very high. In addition, it is of great value in that it analyzed quality performance based on the feelings and thoughts of soldiers who are experiencing military culture innovation directly, not performance analysis relying on quantitative results. Through this, we hope that it will help to accurately diagnose the current military culture innovation and find constructive improvements in the future.

병영문화혁신으로 변화된 군 생활 적응이 군내폭력에 미치는 영향

강봉철 ( Kang Bong-cheol ),강동운 ( Kang Dong-woon ) 한국군사학회 2022 군사논단 Vol.109 No.-

This research is to prove empirically the impact of military culture innovation carried out since 2015 on the lives of soldiers and bullies inside the military. The quantitative research was conducted with 670 marines in service in front and rear area such as Gimpo · Ganghwa, Pohang, and Baran. The result shows that military culture innovation has positive effects on the lives of soldiers and eradication of military bullies, which means military culture innovation has been meaningful for better adaption of soldiers in the military and their improved lives have influenced the eradication of bullies significantly. Therefore, the importance of military culture innovation has been proven for better adaptation and violence eradication, This result is well supported by the fact that there is a difference before and after the innovation on the adaptation in the military and elimination of bullies. Based on this research, further measures should be made for continued efforts of eradication of bullies in the future and activation of military culture innovation such as related training session and modification of the military counseling system. It is expected that this research contributes to future research and policy making relevant to military violence and military culture innovation.

북한의 군사혁신과 “상쇄와 강압전략” - 미국과 분한의 군사혁신 간 유사성을 중심으로 -

임철균 ( Lim Cheul-kyun ) 한국군사학회 2022 군사논단 Vol.112 No.-

DPRK has declared the completion of its nuclear force and has been carrying out a series of military innovations since then. Already in 2020 and 2021, through two military parades and one defense exhibition, the results of military innovation at home and abroad have been declared, shocking not only Korea but also the world. Such a move by North Korea, which has deviated from the basic principles it has been pursuing, is a moment that requires a new evaluation of NK’s military strategy and military innovation. This study examines the outcome of NK’s military innovation by examining the innovation of ground forces and strategic forces, and examines the historical background and necessity of implementing the 1st and 2nd offset strategies among the US military innovations, a case of repeated global military innovations. By classifying four independent variables, comparison with NK’s military innovation, similarities and differences were examined. Since NK’s military innovation is mostly similar to that of die US, NK’s military strategy can be viewed as an offsetting strategy for NK. However, unlike the United States, the United States at the time of the second offset strategy and the present NK are in an ironic situation where NK has an overwhelming advantage in nuclear power with the enemy, South Korea, but is in a starring inferiority to the extended deterrence of the ROK-U.S. alliance. Therefore, this difference was analyzed as a determinant of how NK’s military strategy in the second nuclear era differs from the strategy in the first nuclear era centered on major powers.

병영문화의 변화관리에 관한 연구 : 육군병영문화혁신 활동을 중심으로

최정수(Jeong-Soo Choi),김영진(Young-Jin Kim),안민호(Min-ho An) 글로벌경영학회 2019 글로벌경영학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.-

In 2014 December, as the Ministry of National Defense and the Korean Army received suggestion from the citizen, government, and military combined special council of innovating the military culture. The ministry and the Korean army set the year of 2015 as the first year of innovating military culture. And they focus their all capabilities on pushing ahead the change of the fundamental military culture since 4 years ago. This research inspects, based on the viewpoint of a change- management method how efficient the innovating culture team is being promoted among the forces below the level of battalion. So, we can identify the problems and current current situation of the innovating military culture to suggest improvements. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, I promote interviews and surveys for the support team who are executing the consulting activities and supporting for fulfillment of the innovating military culture. I choose the support team as an object of study because the support teams visit frontline forces periodically and advise them by inspecting their real conditions of the innovating military culture. So, I figure that they are able to estimate frontline forces’ innovating military culture in a relatively objective and specialized manner. Also, there had been some researches about the satisfaction of the innovating military culture that aims soldiers and their parents, but there had been no research that aims the support team untill now. I researched this thesis based on the cognizance that a well done change management of frontline forces’ innovating military culture will promote healthy forces that the troop can feel pride and satisfaction about their jop, and these healthy forces will become forces that are trusted by the citizen and able to demonstate strong combat capabilities. The implication and summary of research findings are as follows. First, It s general evaluation about changes occurred by military culture innovation. It turns out that, according to many of support teams, there has been changes in some degree, but it s still. insufficient. It suggests the military culture innovation is still progressing under the period of transition, and it is not settled yet. Therefore, it can be said so far changes occurred by military culture innovation has progressed in some degree, but is still far from the end. Second, the support team recognizes the innovating military culture based on ADKAR change management method as follow, recognition about importance of the changes is comparatively high, but continuous maintenance and enforcement of the changes are the most insufficient field. We are quite aware(A) of recognition about importance of the changes , but pretty lack of desire to carry on(D) , knowledge about the way to change(K) , and abilities to carry on , lastly most lack of reinforcement of changes(R) . It shows what should be supplemented and enforced to drive the innovating military culture via effective change management method. Even the battlalion level forces and the upper forces commamders and officials are aware of importance of the changes enough, abilities to carry on if continuous management and reinforcement of changes are not done well, it s difficult for the innovating military culture to be settled. Therefore, this research suggests that solutions like achievement-management, enforcement of feedback system are needed for continuous management and reinforcement to be done well. Third, in support teams opinion regarding the five major fields in military culture innovation, open military that communicates with the society showed the most significant change, human rights guaranteed military showed the second most change, and healthy and safe military showed the third most change. On the contrary, self-regulating and responsible military , disciplined military have imsufficient changes comparative to the fore three fields. 본 연구는 병영문화혁신의 자문활동을 수행하는 지원팀의 시각에서 육군의 대대급 이하 부대에서 시행하고 있는 병영문화혁신이 변화관리의 관점에서 볼 때 얼마나 효과적으로 추진되고 있는지를 조사하여 현 상황을 파악하고 개선방향을 제시하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해서 지원팀 구성원을 대상으로 인터뷰와 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요결과와 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째로 병영문화혁신 활동을 통한 변화에 대한 전반적인 평가에 관한 것이다. 대체로 병영문화혁신을 통해 어느 정도 변화는 있었지만 아직 미흡하다는 평가가 지원팀의 다수 의견인 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 병영문화혁신 활동이 과도기적 상황에서 진행 중이며 아직 정착되지는 않았음을 시사한다. 두 번째로 병영문화혁신을 ADKAR 변화관리의 관점에서 볼 때 변화의 중요성에 대한 인식은 상대적으로 높지만 변화의 지속적 유지와 강화는 가장 미흡한 것으로 지원팀은 보고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 향후 병영문화혁신의 지속적 유지와 강화를 위한 방안이 중요함을 시사한다. 세 번째로 병영문화혁신 5대 분야 중에서 가장 많이 변화가 된 분야는 ‘사회와 소통하는 열린 병영’이며 그 다음으로 ‘인권이 보장되는 병영’, ‘건강하고 안전한 병영’ 순으로 지원팀은 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. ‘자율과 책임의 병영’ 과 ‘기강이 확립된 병영’은 상대적으로 변화가 미흡하다고 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 향후 자율과 책임, 기강확립 분야에 더욱 중점을 두고 병영문화혁신이 추진되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

이라크 전쟁 중 미군의 군사혁신

이병구(Lee, Byeong-gu) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2014 군사 Vol.- No.91

The U.S. invaded Iraq in March 2003 out of the concerns for the possibility that it might deliver the WMDs to Al-Queda, a terrorist group responsible for 9/11 attacks. The U.S. forces employing a conventional military doctrine soon had to face serious strategic and operational challenges as the insurgent activities grew in Iraq. The lack of knowledge and preparation for counterinsurgency and stability operations was the main cause of the problems. The situation began to improve since the mid 2007 and finally the U.S. was able to declare the official end of the Iraq War in December 2011, which had defined the last ten years since 9/11. This strategic outcome was the result of a military innovation which involved conceptual sophistication and institutional expansion of the doctrine of counterinsurgency and stability operations. Against this backdrop, the purpose of this study is to systematically examine the validity of internal or external military innovation theories with the case of the doctrinal innovation during the Iraq War. The result of the study demonstrates that the external model for military innovation, rather than internal model, can better explain the process of military innovation in counterinsurgency occurred during the Iraq War. It shows that the military innovation during the Iraq was made possible because outside civilian leaders drove doctrinal overhaul by supporting the so-called mavericks that had innovation ideas and insights on counterinsurgency. The suggestions this study makes are three-fold. First, the result of this study suggests that a military innovation requires an accumulation of academic and military knowledge on potential areas of innovation. Second, The Iraq case indicates that military innovations could be realized by adequate civilian control of the military. The civilian leadership needs to adjust with flexibility the scope and depth of intervention to military affairs so that the military functions effectively. Third, this study suggests that there could be many institutional hurdles to an effective response of the South Korea military when it comes to the instability in North Korea. It also necessitates continuous searches for policy options to facilitate doctrinal and behavioral changes in the South Korean military to deal with possible political instability and turmoil in North Korea.

중국의 군사혁신 전략 변화와 전망

김상규 국가안보전략연구원 2022 국가안보와 전략 Vol.22 No.1

Changes in China's future war strategy and military innovation have led to remarkable shifts based on leaders' perception of threats and policy will. In particular, the Deng Xiaoping period focused on establishing long-term strategic goals by observing the behavior of developed countries. During the Jiang Zemin period, China tried to achieve military modernization through strategies based on information wars and national war strategies under high-tech conditions. The Hu Jintao period focused on the victory of the information war and the strengthening of strong naval power, information and communication technology to carry out modern warfare. The Xi Jinping period carried out full-scale reforms for organizations and advanced military technology development, including military reform and technological innovation for military innovation. To this end, first, the existing military organization was reorganized into an organization optimized for operational command and organizational management. Second, China attempted to achieve a national development strategy by developing military-private technology based on Civil-Military Integration. Third, through strategic transformation based on national relations cooperation with Russia was closely established to increase military power. The strengthened relationship with Russia also developed technology through imports of military weapons. In other to materialize such a strategy military R&D organizations and the private sector are expanding and reorganizing a state-of-the-art strategic weapon system through aggressive funding. Such changes will secure advanced military technologies and create a new paradigm in the military technology sector. This is in line with China's strategic direction for future warfare, leading to the development of unmanned weapons based on AI, utilization in practice, and the establishment of technologies and strategies for space warfare. 중국의 국방전략과 군사 개혁은 주로 외부 변인에 의해 장기적이고 과감한 정책 설정을 하며 발전을 거듭해왔다. 덩샤오핑 시기는 선진국의 군사행태를 분석하여 대응 전략과 목표를 수립하는 데 방점을 찍었으며, 장쩌민 시기에는 실제 전쟁 양상의 변화를 관찰하며 정보화와 첨단 기술에 기초한 군 현대화를 이루고자 했다. 중국의 영향력 확대가 본격화한 후진타오 시기에는 강력한 해군력과 정보 통신 기술력 강화에 초점을 맞추었다. 중화민족의 위대한 부흥과 강군몽의 기치를 내건 시진핑 시기는 군대개혁과 기술 혁신, 군민융합이라는 방법론 활용을 통해 조직 쇄신과 첨단 기술을 선도하며 군사 대국화의 길을 걷고 있다. 구체적으로 첫째, 기존의 군 조직을 작전 지휘와 관리에 최적화한 구조로 개편하였고, 둘째, 군과 민간 기술의 양립 발전, 인재 양성을 국가의 중요한 발전전략으로 설정했으며, 셋째, 러시아와 긴밀한 협력을 통해 군사력 증대와 첨단 군사기술 획득에 중점을 두고 있다. 더 나아가 연구개발 조직 확대와 공격적인 자금 지원으로 군사무기 개발과 미래 전력화에 힘을 쏟고 있다. 이는 향후 전쟁 수행에 필요한 전략 방향성과 궤를 같이 하는 것으로, 이전과는 다른 AI 기술 기반의 새로운 전장에서 사용할 무인 무기체계와 실전 활용의 전략 구상으로 이어지고 있다.

중국과의 무력충돌에 대비하는 미군의 혁신

정호섭 (사) 한국전략문제연구소 2023 전략연구 Vol.30 No.2

As the competition for supremacy between the US and China in the Western Pacific is intensifying day by day, the possibility of China's invasion of Taiwan is becoming the focus of the world, creating a sense of urgency more than ever. Regardless of the urgency of the timing, the possibility of China's invasion of Taiwan is a very difficult challenge for the US to respond to. This is because the balance of military power in the region is increasingly unfavorable to the US, reducing the deterrence and response capabilities of the US military, with countermeasures dwindling. However, if the US does not defend Taiwan, US allies and partners will be more vulnerable to China's coercion tools and may choose China as their new security partner. The US-centered alliance system that has been maintained since the end of World War II may collapse. The United States must be prepared to fight and win if a war with China breaks out. Accordingly, all U.S. forces are shifting to a readiness posture to prepare for a potential armed conflict with China in the Western Pacific. In this process, the US military's extensive innovation efforts are particularly noteworthy. In particular, the main focus of these innovations is on 'forward deployment of survivable forces' and 'ensuring rapid access to the conflict scene' in order to deter China's invasion of Taiwan and repel it, if deterrence fails. Through these innovations, the US military hopes to resolve the most critical operational problem of overcoming the disadvantageous factors of the Chinese A2AD threats and 'tyranny of distance and time.' In doing so, the U.S. military intends to deter the war and contain China's provocative actions by showing the Chinese leadership that the U.S. will surely win in the event of a war with China. These efforts by the US forces can be said to be the essence of military innovation, and have great implications for South Korea as well. The potential armed conflict in the Western Pacific, which the US military is currently focusing on preparing for, is actually the regional security situation in which South Korea is facing. For South Korea, the existential threat emanating from North Korea's nuclear weapons and missiles only adds to this. South Korea must pursue defense innovation that is as creative and effective as that of the US in order to survive in the difficult regional security environment where the North Korean threat and the US-China hegemonic competition are intensifying. South Korea also recently launched “Defense Innovation 4.0.” Of course, defense innovation is led by destructive technologies in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In order for South Korea to achieve the goal of Defense Innovation 4.0, however, technological innovation to secure emerging destructive technologies or weapon systems is not enough. Like the case of the US military, the South Korean military needs to pursue creative innovation that utilizes the magic of force employment more effectively and reinforces its readiness posture. 서태평양에서 미⋅중 간의 패권경쟁이 날로 심화되는 가운데 중국의 대만 침공 가능성이 어느 때보다 긴박감(a sense of urgency)을 자아내며 세계의 주목을 받고 있다. 중국의 대만 침공은 그 시기의 시급성을 떠나 미국에게는 대응하기 매우 곤란한 문제이다. 지역 내 군사력 균형이 점점 더 미국에 불리하게 진행되어 미군의 억제력과 즉응능력이 감소하면서 대응방책도 위축되기 때문이다. 그렇다고 미국이 대만 방어에 나서지 않을 경우, 미국의 동맹⋅파트너는 중국의 강압도구에 더욱 취약해지고 중국을 새로운 안보파트너로 선택할 수 있다. 제2차 세계대전 종전 이후 유지되어 온 미국 중심의 동맹체제가 붕괴될 수 있다. 미국은 중국과의 전쟁이 발생하면 싸워서 승리하도록 철저히 준비해야 하는 심각한 상황이다. 이에 따라 미군은 서태평양에서 중국과의 무력충돌 가능성에 대비하는 전비태세로 일제히 전환하고 있다. 이 과정에서 미군의 대대적인 혁신노력이 특히 눈에 띈다. 특히 이러한 혁신의 중점은 중국의 대만 침공을 억제하고, 억제가 실패할 경우, 격퇴하기 위해 '생존 가능한 전력의 전방 배치'와 ‘분쟁 현장에 대한 신속한 접근’을 보장하는 것이다. 미군은 이를 통해 중국의 A2AD 위협과 '거리와 시간의 횡포'라는 불리한 요소를 극복하는 가장 중요한 작전문제를 해결하려고자 한다. 이를 통해 미군은 중국과 전쟁을 하면 반드시 승리할 것이라는 점을 중국지도부에 보여줌으로써 전쟁을 억제하고 중국의 도발을 견제하겠다는 의도이다. 미군의 이러한 노력은 그야말로 군사혁신의 정수(精髓)라 할 수 있으며 한국에게도 시사하는 바가 매우 크다. 한국이 북한위협과 미⋅중 패권경쟁이 심화되고 있는 험난한 지역 안보환경에서 생존하려면 미국 못지않은 창의적이고 효과적인 국방혁신을 추구해야 한다. 한국도 얼마 전 ‘국방혁신 4.0’을 발족했다. 한국이 국방혁신의 목표를 달성하려면 파괴적 신흥기술이나 무기체계를 확보하려는 기술혁신만으로는 부족하다. 미군의 혁신사례와 같이, 한국군도 전력운용의 묘(妙)를 보다 효과적으로 활용하며 전비태세를 보강해 나가는 창의적 혁신을 추구할 필요가 있다.

러시아 군사혁신이 한국의 국방혁신 4.0에 주는 시사점: 아서 리케의 군사전략 이론 관점에서

방종관 ( Bang Jonggoan ) 한국국가전략연구원 2022 한국국가전략 Vol.7 No.3

Arthur Lykke argued that military strategy consists of three elements: final ends, ways, and means. The concept of operational performance of military innovation corresponds to 'ways', and weapons systems, auxiliary structures, and command culture correspond to 'means'. Based on this, Russian military innovation was analyzed from the perspective of individual elements and the balance between elements. In addition, the implications for Korean Defense Innovation 4.0 are summarized into the following five. The first step in military innovation is to clearly set the 'Ends' based on threat analysis. Second, it is necessary to develop the 'concept of operation performance' that conforms to Korean characteristics. Third, technology is the 'catalyst' for military innovation. 'Technology planning' is important. Fourth, completeness is important for force structures. Fifth, intangible combat power is the starting point and end point of military innovation. We hope that these implications will help the successful promotion of Korean Defense Innovation 4.0.

미국의 군사혁신과 “상쇄전략” : 장기 경쟁전략으로서의 기술우위와 비용부과

손한별 ( Sohn Hanbyeol ) 한국국가전략연구원 2021 한국국가전략 Vol.6 No.3

탈냉전 이후 유일한 패권국으로 남은 미국은 변화하는 안보환경 속에서도 자국의 우세를 유지하기 위해 세 번째 "상쇄전략"을 내놓았다. 이미 두 차례 상쇄전략을 통해 상대에 대한 우위를 유지했던 경험을 가지고 있었지만, 3차 상쇄전략은 "네트워크 국가"로서의 미국의 포괄적 군사혁신 노력을 잘 보여준다. 미국의 위협인식과 대응전략은 철저히 강대국 중심의 고전지정학의 영역에 머물러있지만, 대내적 군사혁신 거버넌스, 국제협력과 대외적 네트워크를 통해 확대된 영역에서의 우위를 추구하고 있다. 본 연구는 1,2차 상쇄전략으로부터 3차 상쇄전략으로 발전하는 과정에서 미국 위협인식의 지속과 변화를 살펴본다. 상쇄전략은 기술혁신을 통해 달성한 우위를 바탕으로 비용을 부과하여 적극적인 소진전략을 추구해 온 미국 군사혁신의 특징을 잘 보여준다. 미국 군사전략의 목표는 장기 경쟁관계에서 우위를 달성하는 것이었으며, 군사혁신은 이러한 목표의 구현을 제약하는 요인을 극복하기 위한 방법과 수단의 혁신으로 나타났다. 미국의 상쇄전략은 기술혁신, 작전혁신, 조직혁신으로 나누어 살펴볼 수 있다. 첫째, 4차 산업혁명의 최첨단 기술을 통해 상대에 대한 압도적 우위를 추구하며, 민간분야의 성과를 활용하기 위해 역동적인 민군협력 프로그램을 추진하고 있다. 둘째, 첨단기술을 운용하기 위한 작전혁신의 측면에서 다양한 합동 및 각군의 작전개념을 내놓고 미래전 수행개념을 발전시키고 있다. 셋째, 조직혁신 차원에서 연구개발 역량을 강화하고, 혁신적인 문화를 조직에 정착시키려는 노력이 이어지고 있으며, 국방혁신센터와 전략능력실이 대표적 사례이다. The United States, which remains the only hegemony after the post-Cold War, has come up with its third "offset strategy" to maintain its dominance despite the changing security environment. As the US already had the experience of maintaining an advantage over his opponent through two offset strategies, the third offset strategy illustrates the United States' comprehensive military innovation efforts as a "network country." The U.S. threat perception and response strategy remain strictly in the realm of classical geopolitics centered on strategic rivalry, but are pursuing an edge in the expanded areas through internal military innovation governance, international cooperation and external networks. This study examines the continuation and change of US threat perception in the process of developing from the 1st and 2nd offset strategies to the 3rd offset strategy. The offset strategy shows the characteristics of US military innovation, which has been pursuing active exhaustion strategies by imposing costs based on the advantages achieved through technological innovation. The ends of the U.S. military strategy is to achieve superiority in long-term competition, and military innovation is found to be an innovation of ways and means to overcome the factors limiting the implementation of these goals. The US offset strategy can be divided into technological innovation, operational innovation, and organizational innovation. First, through the state-of-the-art technology of the 4th Industrial Revolution, it pursues an overwhelming advantage over its opponents and promotes a dynamic civil-military cooperation program to utilize the results of the private sector. Second, in terms of operational innovation to operate high-tech technologies, various joint and services’ operational concepts are presented and the concept of future warfighting is being developed. Third, efforts are being made to strengthen R&D capabilities in terms of organizational innovation, establish an innovative culture in the organization, and the Defense Unit Innovation and the Strategic Capabilities Office are representative examples.