중국제조2025와 철강산업의 연관분석

최정석 ( Choi Jung Seok ),김형근 ( Kim Hyung Geun ) 한중사회과학학회 2018 한중사회과학연구 Vol.16 No.4

The characteristics of China’s manufacturing industry are large, lacking in competitiveness, and there is a clear gap between developed countries’ manufacturing in the fields of independent innovation capacity, resource utilization efficiency, industrial structure level. It is necessary to restructure the entire manufacturing industry. The Chinese government released "China Manufacturing 2025" on May 8, 2015, and officially announced it on May 19. In particular, it focuses on eco-friendly improvement of traditional manufacturing facilities that have been the basis of economic growth in the past, such as the steel industry. Specifically, it is a traditional manufacturing industry such as steel and related ineffectiveness of facilities and factories are being applied. As a result, the following results were obtained. First, according to the results of analysis of the influence coefficient of Chinese steel industry in 2012, it was derived in the order of special equipment manufacturing, other manufacturing and weighing/measuring equipment manufacturing. As a result of the analysis, in 2007, if the conventional traditional manufacturing industries such as metal products, electricity, machinery and equipment manufacturing, metal smelting and rolling industry, It can be concluded that the rear industry group, which has added technical and expertise, has been changed. Second, the sensitivity coefficients of the Chinese steel industry in 2012 were analyzed in the order of chemical industry, metal smelting and rolling, and power/heating production and supply. Compared with the results in 2007, it can be seen that the downstream industries of the steel industry, that is, the raw materials industry and the raw materials industry, which are the basis of the traditional manufacturing industry in China, It is possible to analyze why the Chinese government’s Chinese manufacturing 2025 strategy is being pursued.

제조업 산업장의 유기용제 노출에 관한 연구

문덕환,김정하,김필자,박명희,황용식,이채관,이창희 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Objective : For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data and health promotion and control program on organic solvents in air of manufacturing industry. Methods : The author surveyed number of organic solvent components which was used in working site and also determined the organic solvents concentration in air of 927 manufacturing industries and 1,267 working process with gas chromatography(NIOSH manual) for five years from 1995 to 1999. Results : Mean numbers of solvents components by type of industry, working process was number of 12. There were exceeded to TLV of 1,2-dichloroethane in textile manufacturing industry N,N-dimethyl furan in tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage, handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear manufacturing industry and chemical and chemical product manufacturing industry by type of industry. There were exceeded to TLV of 1,2-dichloroethane in handwriting and drawing process, cellosolove in adhesive spreading process, N,N-dimethly furan in production of solvent process and adhesion process by working process. Total exceeded rate to threshold limit values of organic solvents mixture were 12.9% for EI(Exposure index) and 10.0% for Em(Estimation of mixture) by type of industry, 11.3% for EI and 8.2% for Em by type of working process. The highest exceed rate was 36.7% for EI in tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear manufacturing industry and 29.0% for Em in textile manufacturing industry. the highest exceeded rate was 23.1% for EI and 12.5% for Em in adhesive spreading process by working process. Mean values of total subjects by type of industry and type of working process were 0.7±1.8 for EI and 0.7±1.7 for Em respectively. Conclusions : As above results, the author suggest that it makes the environmental control program on 1.2-dichloro-ethane, N,N-dimethyl furan, cellosolve by kind of organic solvent and on textile manufacturing industry, tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage, handbags, saddlery harness and footwear manufacturing industry by type of industry, and on handwriting, drawing process and adhesive spreading process and adhesion process by type of working process.

식품 제조업의 혁신수준 평가와 향상 방안 연구

박성우,최지현,최종우 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2021 농업생명과학연구 Vol.55 No.6

최근 식품제조업을 둘러싼 환경이 급변하고 있다. 저출산⋅고령화로 인한 소비인구 감소, FTA 체결국 증가에 따른 국내 시장개방 확대, 제4차 산업혁명에 대한 식품제조업의 대응력 부족 등으로 식품제조업의 성장세 지속은 어려워지고 있다. 식품제조업의 질적 변화를 위한 혁신성장을 추진하고자 한다면 식품제조업의 혁신수준에 대한 평가와 향상 방안에 대한 심층적 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 식품제조업의 혁신수준을 평가하고 향상시킬 수 있는 방안이 무엇인지를 검토하고자 한다. 식품 제조업의 혁신수준을 혁신의 투입지표인 매출액 대비 연구개발비 비율(이하 R&D비율), 특허등록(출원) 건수, 총요소생산성을 활용해 분석․평가하였다. 그 결과, 식품 제조업의 R&D 비율은 다른 산업에 비하여 낮은 것으로 분석되었으며 특허 수와 총요소생산성 증가율 또한 낮은 것으로 나타났다. Recently, the environment surrounding the food manufacturing industry is changing rapidly. It is also negatively seen that the growth of the food manufacturing industry continues due to a decrease in the consumption population due to a low birth rate and an aging population, the expansion of domestic market opening due to an increase in FTA countries, and the lack of responsiveness of the food manufacturing industry to the 4th Industrial Revolution. In order to promote innovative growth for qualitative change in the food manufacturing industry, it is necessary to evaluate the innovation level of the food manufacturing industry and an in-depth analysis of ways to improve it. In this study, the innovation conditions of the food manufacturing industry are summarized and the level of innovation is evaluated, and the ways to improve the level of innovation are reviewed. The level of innovation in the food manufacturing industry was analyzed and evaluated based on the ratio of R&D expenditure to sales as an input indicator of innovation, the number of patent registrations as output indicators, and total factor productivity compared to the general manufacturing industry. As a result, the recent food trend in the food manufacturing industry is rapidly changing, and the food manufacturing industry is recognized as a low-tech industry. In order to break through the limitations of domestic demand, it is necessary to enter new markets and overseas. It has an industrial structure with a large number of small enterprises, and connection with agriculture and fisheries and regions is essential.

한국 제조업의 환경경제효율성 분석

김종호 ( Jongho Kim ),김호석,공현숙,이수일 한국환경정책평가연구원 2018 사업보고서 Vol.2018 No.-

우리나라는 1960년대부터 수출과 성장 중심의 경제 개발에 박차를 가하면서 다양한 종류의 환경문제를 겪어 왔다. 2000년대 들어 ‘환경과 경제의 상생’을 화두로 기존의 ‘회색성장’을 ‘녹색성장’으로 전환하기 위한 논의가 본격적으로 이루어지기 시작했고, 2000년대 후반에는 녹색성장을 핵심 국정과제 중의 하나로 설정하기까지 했다. 하지만 녹색성장을 적극적으로 추진하던 정권이 물러난 후에 ‘녹색’에 대한 관심이 급속히 퇴조하였다.반면 국제적으로는 2012년 리우+20 회의에서 지속가능발전 달성을 위한 핵심적인 수단이자 전략으로 녹색경제(green economy)가 주목을 받은 바 있으며, 2015년에는 UN에서 2030 발전의제로 지속가능발전목표(SDGs)가 통과됨으로써 녹색경제의 중요성이 새롭게 부각되고 있다.녹색경제로 전환하기 위한 체계적인 정책이나 전략을 수립하기 위해서는 국내 산업의 녹색화 현황 및 수준에 대한 진단과 분석이 중요하다. 본 연구는 기존에 국내에서 주목받지 못했던 잔폐물(오염물질)에 대한 분석에 집중하면서, 녹색경제의 맥락에서 잔폐물 문제를 분석하기 위해 환경경제효율성(eco-efficiency) 개념과 지표를 이용하였다. 지금까지 한국경제의 ‘회색화’에 가장 크게 영향을 미친 것이 제조업이며 이로 인해 한국 경제의 녹색전환을 위해서도 제조업의 녹색화가 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 제조업의 환경경제효율성 문제에 집중하였다. 그리고 환경보호지출 정보를 이용해서 기존의 오염저감 활동이 환경경제효율성이나 오염물질 배출에 어느 정도 영향을 미쳤는지를 통합적으로 분석하였다.먼저 한국 제조업의 특성을 살펴본 결과, 여타 선진국과 달리 한국은 국민경제에서 제조업이 차지하는 비중이 줄어들기는커녕 오히려 지속적으로 늘어나고 있다. 한국 제조업은 현재 경제 총산출의 50% 이상, 총부가가치의 30% 이상을 담당하고 있다. OECD 기준에 따른 저기술업종(음식료, 섬유가죽, 목재종이인쇄)의 산출 비중이 1980년대 51.3%에서 2016년 13.2% 수준으로 줄어든 대신 고기술업종(전기 및 전자기기, 정밀기기)과 중고기술업종(화학제품, 기계 및 장비, 운수장비)의 비중이 각각 24.3%p, 14.5%p 증가하였다. 그런데 중저기술업종(석유제품, 비금속광물, 1차금속, 금속제품)의 비중이 여전히 상당 수준으로 유지되고 있으며, 이로 인해 제조업의 에너지 소비가 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 한편 제조업 전체로 볼 때 에너지믹스에는 큰 변화가 없는데, 이 점 역시 에너지다소비업종인 중저기술업종의 비중이 일정 수준으로 유지되고 있는 제조업 구조 변화의 특이성과 관련된다.대기, 폐수, 폐기물 영역의 잔폐물을 대상으로 환경경제효율성의 변화 추세를 살펴보고, 잔폐물 배출량 변화의 원인을 추적하기 위해 분해분석을 수행하였다.먼저 대기 영역의 경우 질산화물(NO_X), 황산화물(SO_X), 미세먼지(PM₁₀) 배출량을 대상으로 분석을 수행하였다. 질산화물(NO_X)을 배출하는 주 업종은 비금속광물업과 1차금속업인데, 이 두 업종의 환경경제효율성은 다른 업종에 비해 특히 낮은 수준일 뿐 아니라 시간이 지나도 개선되지 않은 상황이다. 질산화물(NO_X) 배출량에 대한 분해분석 결과 저감투자(=환경보호지출/산출)가 배출량 감소에 가장 큰 영향을 미친 것으로 파악되었다. 황산화물(SO_X) 배출량에 대한 분석 결과는 질산화물(NO_X)의 경우와 대체로 유사하다(비금속광물과 1차금속 외에 석유화학의 비중이 상당히 크다는 것 정도가 차이점임). 미세먼지(PM₁₀)의 경우에도 질산화물(NO_X)이나 황산화물(SO_X)의 경우와 동일하게 배출량 비중이 압도적으로 높은 ‘비금속광물-1차금속업’의 환경경제효율성이 여타 업종에 비해 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 반면 질산화물(NO_X)이나 황산화물(SO_X)과 달리 제조업의 구조 변화가 미세먼지(PM₁₀)의 배출량 감소에 가장 크게 기여한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 과거 대기오염물질 배출 저감을 위한 기업의 환경투자가 주로 질산화물(NO_X)이나 황산화물(SO_X) 저감에 집중되어 있었던 것과 관련이 있다.다음으로 폐수 영역의 경우 폐수방류량과 BOD 방류부하량을 대상으로 분석을 수행하였다. 제조업의 폐수방류량은 대체로 증가하고 있으며, 대기오염물질 배출의 경우와 달리 특정한 업종이 압도적인 비중을 차지하지 않는다. 폐수방류량에서 상대적으로 높은 비중을 차지하는 조립금속 및 기계장비업의 환경경제효율성은 제조업 평균보다 낮은 수준이지만, 조금씩 개선되고 있다. 분해분석 결과 다른 경우와 마찬가지로 생산규모 효과는 폐수방류량을 증가시키는 주된 요인이며, 폐수방류량을 감소시키는 주된 요인은 환경보호지출인 것으로 나타났다. 2000년대에는 저감투자(=환경보호지출/산출)가 방류량 감소에 주로 기여했는데, 2010년대 들어서 저감효율(=방류량/환경보호지출)이 방류량 감소에 기여하였다. BOD 방류부하량 역시 폐수방류량과 마찬가지로 업종 간 비중 차이가 크지 않다. BOD 방류부하량 비중이 높은 조립금속 및 기계장비업과 석유화학업의 환경경제효율성은 제조업 평균보다 높은 수준을 유지하는 반면, 방류부하량 비중이 가장 높은 음식료품 및 담배의 경우 제조업 평균보다 낮은 것으로 파악되었다. 분해분석 결과에서는, BOD 방류부하량 증가를 초래한 주된 요인은 생산규모이고 감소를 초래한 주된 요인은 저감효율(=방류부하량/환경보호지출)인 것으로 나타났다.마지막으로 폐기물 영역에서는 사업장배출시설계폐기물 처분량을 대상으로 분석을 수행 하였다. 제조업의 사업장배출시설계폐기물 처분량은 조금씩 줄어들고 있으며, 대기나 폐수 영역과 달리 목재, 종이, 출판 및 인쇄업의 비중이 상대적으로 높다. 그런데 목재, 종이, 출판 및 인쇄업의 환경경제효율성은 제조업 중에 제일 낮으며, 시간이 지나도 개선되지 않는 상황이다. 잔폐물 비중이 높은 업종의 환경경제효율성이 상대적으로 낮은 것은 대기, 폐수, 폐기물 모든 영역에서 흔히 나타나는 현상이다. 폐수의 경우와 마찬가지로 처분량 감소에 기여한 것은 환경보호지출(저감투자 및 저감효율)이다.제조업 업종별 잔폐물 배출량에 대한 환경경제효율성 분석 및 분해분석을 통해 대기, 폐수, 폐기물 각각에 대한 오염물질 저감 정책을 수립하는 데에 유용한 정보 제공이 가능하다. 다만, 이를 위해서는 데이터의 시계열 일관성 유지, 오염물질 배출량 데이터와 경제 데이터의 연계 강화, 업종 분류 통일 등 정확한 데이터에 기초한 세밀하고 다차원적인 분석 방법을 개발하고 적용하는 것이 필요하다. In Rio+20 held in 2012, the green economy attracted attention as a key instrument and strategy for achieving sustainable development. The importance of a green economy has been newly highlighted in the context of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development by the United Nations since 2015.In order to establish a systematic strategy for the transition to a green economy, it is necessary to diagnose and analyze the status and level of greening for domestic industries. This study focuses on the residuals(e.g, air emissions, wastewater, solid waste) that have not been noticed in previous studies on eco-efficiency, diagnoses eco-efficiency of the manufacturing industry which has heavily contributed to the 'graying' of the Korean economy. Also, using information on environmental protection expenditure, this research analyzes the extent to which existing pollution abatement activities affected eco-efficiency and pollutants.The residuals are divided into 3 areas such as air emissions, wastewater and solid waste. For air emissions, NO_X, SO_X and PM₁₀ emissions are analyzed. The main emission sectors of NO_X are non-metallic mineral products and basic metals manufacturing industries. The eco-efficiency of these two industries is notably lower than other manufacturing industries, and has not improved over time. According to the results of decomposition analysis on NO_X emissions, environmental protection expenditure was found to have the greatest effect on emission reduction. The analysis result of SO_X emissions is generally similar to that of NO_X. In the case of PM₁₀, as well as NO_X and SO_X, the eco-efficiency of 'non-metallic mineral products & primary metals manufacturing industry', which has a very high proportion of emissions, is significantly lower than other manufacturing industries. On the other hand, unlike NO_X or SO_X, structural change was the most significant contributor to emission reduction. This can be said to mean that the environmental investment of companies to reduce air pollutant emissions was mainly made in the reduction of NO_X and SO_X.In the wastewater area, wastewater and BOD discharge are analyzed. Wastewater discharge by the manufacturing industry is generally increasing. The eco-efficiency of fabricated metal products and machinery & equipment manufacturing industries - which are main sectors of wastewater discharge - is lower than the manufacturing industry average, but has improved. According to the results of the decomposition analysis, the scale effect was the main factor for increasing wastewater discharge, and the main factor for reducing the wastewater discharge was environmental protection expenditure. The results of analysis for BOD discharge loads are similar to that of wastewater discharge.In solid waste areas, analysis was conducted on the amount of industrial waste disposal. The amount of disposal in the manufacturing industry is gradually decreasing. Unlike air or wastewater domains, wood and paper manufacturing and printing industries are the main sector of industrial waste disposal. However, the eco-efficiency of these industries is the lowest among the manufacturing industries and has not improved over time. The relatively low eco-efficiency of industries with a high proportion of residual emissions is a common phenomenon in all 3 areas. And environmental protection expenditure contributed to the reduction of the disposal amount, which is the same as the case for wastewater.The eco-efficiency analysis and decomposition analysis on residuals would provide useful information for establishing pollution abatement policies. However, it is necessary to develop multidimensional analysis methods based on more accurate and detailed data, which have time series consistency and have the same classification between environmental data and economic data.

도시제조업 경쟁력 강화를 위한 정책사례 연구 - 서울시 도시형 소공인을 중심으로 -

김정훈 ( Kim Jeong Hoon ),성열홍 ( Sung Youl Hong ) 한국상품문화디자인학회(구 한국패키지디자인학회) 2018 상품문화디자인학연구 Vol.55 No.-

서비스 산업이 중심을 이루던 도시 산업 전반이 서비스 포화로 인한 저성장 시대로 진입하면서 도심을 중심으로 소규모 제조업체를 운영하는 도시형 소공인 제조 산업이 도시 산업 재생의 신성장 동력으로 주목받고 있다. 미국, 독일, 일본 등 선진국은 물론 빠른 속도로 산업 전반의 성장을 거듭하고 있는 중국 역시 4차 산업 혁명 시대를 맞아 제조업과 AI, ICBM(사물인터넷, 클라우드 컴퓨팅, 빅데이터, 모바일) 기반의 지능정보기술의 결합을 시도하며 이를 핵심으로 하는 도시제조업 중심의 제조업 재흥전략을 추진하고 있다. 이와 같은 세계적인 기류와는 달리 서울과 경기 지역을 중심으로 하는 한국의 도시제조업은 자금, 공간, 인프라, 인력, 기술 및 지식 고도화 부족 등으로 인해 4차 산업 혁명 대응 역량이 낮아 도시 산업재흥의 성장 동력이 되기에는 총체적인 난제를 가지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 중앙 및 지방정부, 유관 공공기관들의 서울시도시제조업 지원 정책사례와 해외 사례 연구의 프로토콜 분석 및 고찰을 통해 기존 정책의 문제점과 원인을 살펴보고, 제조와 유통을 연결하는 통합 플랫폼 구축 및 이를 위한 도시형 소공인 협동조합 구성 등을 기반으로 한 체계적인 도시제조업 지원정책의 필요성과 방향성을 제언하였다. Urban manufacturing industry that operate urban small manufacturers mainly in downtown entering the era of low growth caused by service saturation as a whole in the service industry as a whole, attracted attention as a new growth power for urban industry revitalization. As well as developed countries like the United States, Germany, Japan and other developed countries, China, which has been growing rapidly at all industries in general, has reached the era of the fourth industrial revolution and tried a combination of manufacturing industry and intelligent information technology based on AI and ICBM(IoT, Cloud Computing, Big Data, Mobile) Try looking at the strategy of rebuilding the manufacturing industry centered on this as the urban manufacturing industry. Unlike such a global air current, the Korean urban manufacturing industry centering around Seoul and Gyeonggi-do is responding to the fourth industrial revolution due to lack of funds, space, infrastructure, human resources, technology and knowledge, etc. There is overall challenge to be low in capability and to grow growth power of urban industry revival. Therefore, in this research, investigate problems and causes of existing policies through protocol analysis of support cases of manufacturing industries in central and local governments and related public organizations and case studies abroad, proposed the necessity and direction of a systematic urban manufacturing support policy based on the construction of an integrated platform for connecting manufacturing to distribution and the organization of cooperative society of urban small manufacturer.

뿌리산업 기반의 물산업 발전방안

김재범 ( Jaebum Kim ),이상목 ( Sang Mok Lee ),조인성 ( In Sung Cho ),이승재 ( Seung Jae Lee ),박성혁 ( Sung Hyuk Park ) 한국수처리학회 2018 한국수처리학회지 Vol.26 No.3

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of manufacturing industry upon the water industry and to propose ways to foster the water industry through fusion with the ppuri industry. Ppuri industry is the basic process industry that produces parts or finished products by casting, molding, welding, metal forming, surface treatment, and heat treatment. The manufacturing industry still plays an important role for driving economic growth, and the developed countries such as United States, Germany, and Japan are pursuing policies of re-manufacturing. In the water industry, we are looking for growth engines in manufacturing industries for key parts, materials, and equipment. The growth of the parts and materials market is expected to be most prominent. In this article, we examined the reality of manufacturing industry in Korea and the effects of manufacturing on the economy, and investigated the convergence with the ppuri industry for the upbringing of the water industry. Based on these efforts, it is expected to revitalize water industry and strengthen its competitiveness.

A Study on the Preparedness of the 4th Industrial Revolution in the Manufacturing Industry

성창용,박경수 한국산업경영시스템학회 2018 한국산업경영시스템학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.춘계

The 4th industrial revolution is in its progressive form, and its effects are already being revealed throughout society. It has led to a variety of new technologies including artificial intelligence (AI), big data, Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, cyber-physical systems, biotechnology, 3D printers, drones, and Uber. The winds of this revolution are expected to bring many changes to the manufacturing industry. The low-growth global economy and a decline in productivity are prompting a 4th industrial revolution centered on Europe’s Germany, as it needed new growth engines. In Korea, manufacturing industries focused on labor and capital were the center of the industry. The goal was to pursue the first and second industrial revolution led by the developed countries, and to achieve what is called the “Miracle of the Han River”, “The Four Dragons for Asia”, and “The East Asian Miracle”. However, unlike the past, the 4th industrial revolution is not expected to bring about theoretical but substantial changes. The preparations and research into the 4th industrial revolution may seem to be ahead of the major countries, but unfortunately it is far behind the major ones. The United States, China, Germany and Japan are in the process of reorganizing the society, culture and economy in relation to the 4th industrial revolution. Korea`s economy, however, is showing a decline in the growth rate, with the exception of technical hardware and equipment and telecommunications. The 4th industrial revolution is an industry that requires highly specialized knowledge, information, and technology, and if it fails to respond to rapidly evolving technological changes and trends, it is bound to be relegated to the government's position. For small and medium sized manufacturers in particular, the longer the preparation is delayed due to poor environment, structural backwardness, lack of core competencies, and lack of innovation, the more likely they will adjust to social and technological changes caused by the 4th industrial revolution. Accordingly, it is necessary to enhance the importance of preparation for the 4th Industrial Revolution and to take strategic approaches to enhance the sophistication of technologies and the autonomy of small and medium sized manufacturing companies. In this study, we intend to study the manufacturing-ready effects of manufacturing industries based on the level of perception of the company’s 4th industrial revolution. For this purpose, 122 small and medium manufacturing companies were surveyed on the 4th industrial revolution. The survey was conducted for about four months from December 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. In the case of small and medium sized manufacturing companies, a hypothesis was established on how the perception and preparation of the industrial revolution affects the direct preparation of the 4th industrial revolution. Three assumptions were presented depending on the level of perception of the 4th industrial revolution and the data were drawn from the questionnaire. When comparing the data to the hypothesis, small and medium manufacturing companies should be able to determine the level of interest they have in the 4th Industrial Revolution, and if they are not prepared to do so, they should be able to invest in a certain extent.

구미지역기업의 스마트제조 추진 인식 분석과 투자 환경 개선 전략

정재우 한국산업경영학회 2022 經營硏究 Vol.37 No.2

The Gumi region recorded exports of $36.7 billion in 2013, accounting for 11% of Korea's total exports, leading the nation’s manufacturing growth centered on the electronics industry. However, as major firms’ relocation of production bases overseas and in the Seoul capital area is being intensified, the number of manufacturing workers and total product are experiencing a sharp decline. Small and medium-sized firms are entering industrial complexes where the major firms such as Samsung Electronics and LG Electronics have left, and the industries are also being diversified from the electronics industry to the other industries such as the mechanical equipment and electrical equipment industries. Facilitating the investment on smart manufacturing is becoming a very important factor in restoring its competitiveness again for the manufacturing industry in Gumi. This study investigates the perceptions of manufacturing firms in Gumi on smart manufacturing investment and suggests the strategies for motivating the investment compared to the facts shown in the existing literature. To this end, a survey is conducted on manufacturing firms in the Gumi area through telephone interviews. A result of the survey indicates that the average investment intention level of the firms in Gumi on smart manufacturing is lower than expected in general, while the perceived benefits of the firms on smart manufacturing are similar to those known in the existing literature. However, the smart manufacturing implementation levels of the firms in Gumi is very low; hence, fundamental automation technologies are needed more than applying well-known cutting-edge smart manufacturing solutions including AI and big data. Also it is proposed that academia and policy authorities need to make more efforts to spread information related to smart manufacturing since small and medium-sized firms in Gumi are less aware of the need for smart manufacturing than expected and lack of confidence in profits against the investment. In addition, it is presented that there is a need to foster local smart manufacturing suppliers that are competent to support the manufacturing firms in Gumi with closer relationships. 구미지역은 2013년 367억 달러를 기록하면서 우리나라의 전체 수출의 11%를 담당하는 등 전자산업 중심의 제조업 성장을 주도한 바 있다. 하지만 대기업의 생산기지 해외 및 수도권 이전이 심화하면서 이 지역은제조업 종사자수와 총생산이 급격하게 감소하는 어려움을 겪고 있다. 구미의 제조업이 다시 경쟁력을 회복하는 데 있어서 매우 중요한 요인이 되는 것이 스마트제조이다. 본 연구에서는 구미지역 기업들의 스마트제조투자에 대한 인식을 조사하고 기존 문헌에 나타난 사실과 비교하여 의사결정 개선을 위한 전략을 제시하고자한다. 이를 위하여 구미지역에 있는 기업들을 대상으로 전화 면접 방식으로 조사를 진행하였다. 조사결과구미지역 기업들의 스마트제조 추진에 대한 기대효과의 인식은 전반적으로 기존의 문헌에 알려진 바와 비슷하게 나타났다. 하지만 구미지역 기업의 스마트제조 수준은 매우 낮은 단계에 있어 AI, 빅데이터 등 잘 알려진 스마트제조 솔루션을 적용하기보다 기초적인 자동화가 더 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 구미지역 중소기업들의 스마트제조에 대한 필요성 인식이 기대치보다 낮게 나타났고 스마트제조의 투자 대비 이익의 확신이부족한 것으로 나타나는 등 스마트제조와 관련된 정보가 더욱 신속하게 전파될 수 있도록 학계와 정책당국의노력이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 지역에 밀착된 역량 있는 스마트제조 공급기업의 육성도 절실히 필요한 것으로 분석되었다.

The Present Situation and Development Methods of the Communication Industry in China

Yun-Tao, Song,Jong-Ho Lee 한국유통과학회 2018 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.9 No.4

Purpose – Before the economic reforms, the Chinese communication industry was poorly developed. After China’s entering to WTO, the Chinese market were gradually opened, domestic companies will be faced with more and more pressures of competition from the world rival countries. As time goes on, the overseas telecommunications companies will occupy the Chinese market with the opening of China Telecommunications market to outside. So this paper focuses on problems and development methods based on the research about the present situation and development methods of communication industry(communication manufacturing industry and communication manufacturing industry) in China. Research design, data, and methodology – This study analyzed the policies of China’s entering to WTO. This paper observed previous researches and made an empirical research on Chinese communication industry based on the governmental policies, strategies, books and previous papers with several kinds of clear data announced formally by China authorities. Results – Most recently, reorganization of the communication industry has brought good opportunities for the development of the communication manufacturing enterprises. This paper analyze policy changes of Chinese communication industry, the status of communication manufacturing industry and communication service industry. Finally, this study for further research analyzes the existing problems and puts forward some practicable measures to solve them. Conclusions - Looking ahead, with China’s rapid economic development and steady deepening of reform and opening-up, the Chinese communication industry is faced with an even broader prospect of development. Chinese communication industry will be become the pillar one in national economy after 10 years development. Foreign communication companies accelerated investment and progresses to Chinese information and communication markets. Positive ones are more foreign investment, export increase, domestic innovation, communication industry made steep growth. But negative ones are obstacles of domestic companies' development and jobless rate increase etc. Second communication manufacturing industry made good development, but computer and TV related industry made decline in growth. Third, market sizes of internet and mobile services are growing but the size of wired communication services is downsizing gradually. To overcome them, the studies of components or parts of communication manufacturing industry are needed individually. Second China Unicom, China Telecom, China Mobile etc. are Chinese representatives. The sales volumes are very similar at the beginning, but now they are different and make big differences. So the analysis about, their differences and its impact, are needed.

제조기업과 유통기업의 회계-세법 일치성 수준이 자본구조에 미치는 영향

신승묘 한국유통경영학회 2022 유통경영학회지 Vol.25 No.3

Purpose: There have been some existing studies on the effect of ‘book-tax conformity’(hereinafter BTC) on informativeness of accounting income. The purpose of this study is to extend existing studies by investigating the effect of manufacturing and distribution firm’s BTC level on capital structure, and so, getting some implication about whether the BTC is positive or negative for the informativeness of accounting income. This study also aims to see whether there is some difference in test results and their implication between manufacturing industry and distribution industry. Research design, data, and methodology: An empirical analysis is conducted for 463 manufacturing and distribution firms listed in KOSPI, and test period is from year 2012 to year 2021 resulting in 4,630 firm-year observations. First, difference test is performed on each variable in regression model between manufacturing and distribution industry. Second, regression analysis is performed to test the research hypothesis, and additional regression analysis is done for the manufacturing and distribution industry respectively. Results: First, debt ratio, firm size and free cash flow are higher in case of distribution industry, but collateral assets, profitability and operating risk are higher in case of manufacturing industry. Second, the regression coefficient of BTC on debt ratio is negative for both manufacturing and distribution industry. And the coefficient is significant at less than 1% in case of manufacturing industry but not significant in case of distribution industry. Implications: First, the effect of BTC on informativeness of accounting income is limited in case of distribution industry, and so, it is proper to implement enhancing BTC for manufacturing industry first if it is needed. Second, additional empirical studies with various research topics or methodologies need to be done, if we are to make more reasonable judgment about the effect of BTC on informativeness of accounting income.