밀폐공간에서 메탄 폭발사고의 최소 가스누출량 예측

조영도(Young-Do Jo) 한국가스학회 2017 한국가스학회지 Vol.21 No.4

밀폐된 거주공간에서 주성분이 메탄으로 이루어진 천연가스 누출은 가연성 분위기를 형성여 폭발사고로 이어진다. 밀폐공간에서 폭발을 일으키기 위한 최소 매탄 누출양은 혼합정도에 크게 의존한다. 본 논문에서는 가우스분포모델과 폭발실험에 근거하여 폭발 사고가 발생할 수 있는 최소한의 메탄 누출량을 예측하기 위한 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 밀폐공간에서 높이에 따라 가연성가스의 농도분포는 가우스분포를 가지는 것을 가정하여 연소범위에 있는 가스의 최대량을 예측하고, 일정한 부피에서 예측된 가스가 연소되어 단열 또는 등온 혼합과정을 통하여 최종 폭발압력을 예측할 수 있다. 폭발사고에 의한 건물의 피해 정도에 대응하는 최소가스 누출양을 예측할 수 있다. 연구결과 건물 내 밀폐공간에서 아주 적은 양의 메탄가스가 누출되어도 심각한 폭발사고를 일으킬 수 있다. 이는 안전장치 개발에 있어서 적절한 조치를 취하기 전에 최소허용 가스 누출량을 설정하는 것에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 뿐 만 아니라 폭발사고 조사에도 활용 될 수 있다. Leaking of natural gas, which is mostly methane, in a confined living space creates flammable atmosphere and gives rise to explosion accident. The minimum amount of leaked methane for explosion is highly dependent on the degree of mixing in the confined space. This paper proposes a method for estimating minimum amount of flammable gas for explosion by using Gaussian distribution explosion model(GDEM) and experimental explosion data. The explosion pressure in the confined space can be estimated by assuming the Gaussian distribution of flammable gas along the height of an enclosure and estimating the maximum amount of gas within flammable limits, combustion of the estimated gas with constant volume and adiabatic or isothermal mixing in the confined space. The predicted minimum gas amount for an explosion is tied to explosion pressure that results in a given building damage level. The result shows that very small amount of methane leaking in the confined space may results in a serious gas explosion accident. This result could be applied not only to setting the leak criteria for developing a gas safety appliance but also to accident investigating of explosion.

제조업에서의 용접⋅용단 작업 중 화재⋅폭발⋅질식 사망사고 특성

서동현,한우섭,이근원 한국안전학회 2019 한국안전학회지 Vol.34 No.3

Many accidents have been occurring during welding and flame cutting work related to maintenance and repair as the domestic manufacturing facilities gradually become decrepit. However, it is not easy to find the accurate statistics and analysis data on accidents occurring during welding or flame cutting operations related to maintenance and repair of machinery and equipment. Therefore, in this study, the fatal accident cases of fire/explosion and asphyxiation that occurred during the welding and flame cutting work in the manufacturing industry were collected and their characteristics were analyzed. Then, we tried to find the connection of the accidents according to the machinery/ equipment and the work content, and to provide the materials and measures that can be used to prevent the similar accidents. We collected 329 cases of the fatal accidents related to fire/explosion and leakage/contact of chemical substances in the domestic manufacturing industry during the last 10 years (2008 ∼ 2017). Among them, 72 accidents occurred during welding or flame cutting were extracted and the related reports were investigated whether they occurred during usual work or unusual work. Also, the machinery/equipment and the work content related to the accidents were classified and analyzed based on the criteria. The analysis results showed that 31 cases of the fire/explosion accidents occurred during usual work and 32 cases during unusual work, and it was found that 9 cases of asphyxiation death occurred during usual work. Then, from the analysis results, the connections of the machinery/equipment and the work contents related to the accidents were schematized into a accident tree.

정전기 화재⋅폭발 위험성평가 및 사고조사에 필요한 발생원인 변수 도출

변정환,박현곤 한국안전학회 2024 한국안전학회지 Vol.39 No.2

- Static-electricity-induced fires and explosions persistently occur every year, averaging approximately 80 and 20 cases annually according to fire statistics provided by the National Fire Agency and industrial accident statistics provided by the Ministry of Employment and Labor, respectively. Despite the relatively low probabilities of these accidents, their potential risks are high. Consequently, effective risk assessment methodologies and accident investigation strategies are essential for efficiently managing static-electricity hazards in fire- and explosion-prone areas. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify the causal variables essential for accident investigations, thereby facilitating risk assessments and the implementation of effective recurrence prevention measures to mitigate static-electricity hazards in fireand explosion-prone regions. To this end, industrial accident statistics recorded over the past decade (2012 to 2021) by the Ministry of Employment and Labor were analyzed to identify major fire and explosion incidents and related industrial accidents wherein static electricity was identified as a potential ignition source. Subsequently, relevant investigation reports (63 cases) were thoroughly analyzed. Based on the results of this analysis, existing electrostatic fire and explosion risk assessment techniques were refined and augmented. Moreover, factors essential for investigating electrostatic fire and explosion disasters were delineated, and the primary causal variables necessary for effective risk assessments and scientific investigations were derived.

특수 건설현장에서 안전작업 기술을 위한 FTA분석

이정훈(Jung-Hoon Lee) 조선대학교 지식경영연구원 2014 기업과 혁신연구 Vol.7 No.1

본 연구는 터널, 도로, 지하철, 고속도로와 같은 다양한 특수 건설현장에서의 발파사고를 FTA기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 우리나라에서 산업용화약이 사용된 것은 1952년부터였다. 이때부터 화약류사용이 증가하였으며 이에 따라 발파사고도 증가하였다. 본 연구에서는 발파사고의 분석에 필요한 사고조사표를 개발하고, 이를 이용하여 발파사고를 체계적으로 분석하였다. 또한 이를 기준으로 FTA기법을 이용하여 발파사고 중 가장 많은 비율을 차지하는 비석에 의한 사고를 분석하였다. 그 결과는 안전규칙 미준수, 안전지식결여 등 대부분이 인적요소로 나타났다. 또한 발파사고는 몇 가지의 원인이 복합적으로 나타나는 경향을 가지고 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 화약류 사용현장 안전수칙의 제정 및 준수, 관련단체 및 행정부처에서의 관련법규의 제정 및 개정, 보안대책에 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 화약류에 기인한 유사재해 및 동종재해를 미연에 방지하여 귀중한 인명과 재산상의 손실을 최소화하는데 필요한 자료로써의 활용가치가 높을 것으로 예상된다. This study is for analyzing the explosion accidents in the tunnels, roads, subways, streets and various kinds of building construction area with the use of the FTA method. In Korea the industrial explosive material has been made and used in public since 1952. Therefore these kinds of the explosion accidents analysis have increased gradually. Nevertheless systematical and objective researches are very few. Based on the Police Department and Guns & Explosives Safety Technology Association"s researching materials, the explosion accidents have been investigated and analyzed between 1988 and 1997. As the result, we can find out that the majority of the explosion accidents in Korea is the accidents by flown stones(45.7%), like in Japan. So we make the research chart which is needed for analyzing the explosion accidents, and then analyze these accidents systematically, using the investigation codes of the industrial accidents. After that, the FTA analyzation was performed on the accidents by flown stones. They result from non-observance of the safety rules, and less knowledge of the safety and so on. The causes from human factors take up the majority. Moreover several causes are combined and then the accidents are apt to happen. Furthermore the result of this study can be used for making and observing the safety rules, making and amending the laws concerned, and planning the security project. And it will be the help in preventing the explosion accidents by the using the explosives in advance, and then it will help make the valuable lives and the financial loss the least.

동시출현 핵심단어 분석을 활용한 폭발사고 연구 동향 분석

이영우,김민주,이지원,안우성,권상기 대한화약발파공학회 2024 화약발파 Vol.42 No.2

급속한 에너지 확산을 수반하는 폭발 현상은 인명 및 경제적인 피해를 미치고 있다. 산업의 고도화로 인 하여 다양하고 광범위한 폭발사고가 전 세계적으로 발생하고 있으며, 이러한 폭발사고의 예방을 위해서는 정확한 원인 분석이 밑바탕이 되어야 한다. 국내외 폭발사고 관련 연구 분석은 일부 사건들에 대해서 제한적인 범위에서 수행되고 있었다. 본 논문에서는 국제학술지에 게재된 전체 논문들을 대상으로 동시출현 핵심단어 분석을 실시하 여 시기별 전체적인 연구 경향과 향후 연구자들이 관심을 가질 수 있는 최신 분야를 도출하고자 하였다. 시기별 핵심단어 분석 결과, 2005년∼ 2014년에는 대체로 논문의 수가 적고 전체적인 핵심단어의 수도 적었지만, 2015년 이후 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션과 인공지능분야가 폭발사고사례 분석에 활용되었으며, 폭발사고의 종류 또한 현재 최신 연구분야인 리튬이온 배터리, 혼합가스 등의 다양한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. Explosion involving rapid energy diffusion are causing enormous human and economic damage. Due to the advancement of the industry, various and widespread explosion accidents are occurring worldwise, and to prevent such explosion accidents, accurate cause analysis should be the basis. Research analysis related to worldwise explosion accidents was carried out in a limited range for some accidents. By conducting bibliometric analysis of keywords on all the papers published in international journals, this study attempted to derive the overall research trend by period and the latest fields in which future researchers may be interested. As a result of the study of keywords, the number of papers was generally small and the number of overall key words was small from 2005 to 2014, but numerical simulation and artificial intelligence have been used for the analysis of explosion accident cases since 2015, and various studies such as lithium-ion battery and mixed gas, which are the latest research fields, are currently being actively conducted.

1970년대 후반 사회재난의 인식과 피해복구의 논리 - ‘이리역 폭발사고’를 중심으로 -

양야기 ( Yang Ya Ki ),정호기 ( Jung Ho Gi ) 한양대학교 제3섹터연구소 2017 시민사회와 NGO Vol.15 No.2

재난은 인류의 역사에 대한 고찰에서 간과할 수 없는 주제이다. 인류는 재난에 대처하고 극복하기 위해 많은 노력을 기울였으나, 더 다양하고 큰 위험에 직면해 있다. 재난은 자연재난과 사회재난으로 구분할 수 있는데, 이 연구는 폭발로 인한 사회재난에 주목한다. 이 연구의 대상은 1977년 11월 11일에 발생했던 ‘이리역 폭발사고’이다. 이 연구의 목적은 이 사례를 통해 1970년대 후반기 사회재난을 어떻게 인식했으며, 어떠한 논리에 의해 피해복구가 이루어졌는가를 파악하는 것이다. 이리역 폭발사고의 초기 인지에는 한국전쟁의 기억이 중요하게 작용했다. 전쟁의 상흔은 폭발을 폭격으로 오인하고, 피난을 떠날 만큼 깊이 자리하고 있었다. 사고의 직접적인 원인이 화약류의 폭발임이 어느 정도 드러났음에도 불구하고, ‘안보’와 ‘방첩’의 관점이 영향을 미쳤다. 폭발사고의 원인은 구조적인 측면보다 개인의 과실과 실무자의 해태 및 부패에 초점이 맞추어졌다. 이에 의거해 폭발사고의 책임 소재와 처벌 경계도 결정되었고, 기업체가 상당한 수준의 금전적인 부담을 안았다. 희생자의 유해 수습과 장례는 엄격한 현장 통제와 응급복구의 논리로 추진된 결과 의문점들이 충분히 해소되지 않았다. 사고 현장의 복구는 군사작전처럼 진행되었으며 ‘새 이리 건설’로 구체화되었다. 이러한 사회재난의 인식과 대응 논리는 오늘날과 크게 달랐음을 보여준다. Disaster is a subject that should not be overlooked in consideration of human history. Humanity has made great efforts to cope with and overcome disasters, but faces more diverse and greater risks. Disasters can be classified into natural disasters and social disasters, this study focuses on the social disaster caused by the explosion. The object of this study is ‘Iri station explosion accident’ which happened on November 11, 1977. In this study, we have identified how social disasters were perceived in the late 1970s, and how disaster recovery was achieved by any logic. The memory of the Korean War played an important role in the early recognition of the Iri station explosion accident. The scars of war misunderstood the explosion as bombing and were deep enough to leave the evacuation. ‘Security’ and ‘anti-communism’ have had an impact even after some identification of explosives as the cause of the explosion. The cause of the explosion was focused more on the individual’s negligence and corruption of the practitioner than on the structural aspect. Based on this, the responsibility for the explosion and the boundary of punishment were determined, and the corporation had a considerable financial burden. The victim’s corpse handling and funeral were driven with rigorous field control and emergency recovery. As a result, some doubts were not fully resolved. The restoration of the accident scene was carried out like a military operation, and it was embodied as ‘new Iri construction’. The recognition and response logic of this social disaster shows that it is very different to today.

중국 텐진항 폭발사고 사례분석을 통한 대응역량 강화 방안

최재용(Jae Yong Choi) 한국위험물학회 2016 한국위험물학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Explosion of Tianjin Port that have occurred in China, has brought a lot of life and property damage. In order to prevent similar accidents in the country, it is possible to improve the chemical accident response expertise of firefighters. Thus, this paper describes the scheme in order to improve response capabilities to try to come in the following manner to analyze the problems of the Tianjin Port explosion accident. To share information about the hazardous substances, it must be secured to the top priority the safety of firefighters through the continuing training and education. To prevent damage citizens with hazardous substances, depending on the diffusion of chemical substances, it must be determined evacuation of residents.

해양사고의 원인분석과 저감대책

조현국(Hyun-Kuk CHO),박병수(Byung-Soo PARK),강동훈(Dong-Hoon KANG),김성수(Sung-Soo KIM) 한국수산해양교육학회 2017 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.29 No.3

Marine accidents of fishing vessels occupied about 70.5% of the whole marine accidents in Korea from 1996 to 2015, this ratio was not much changed for a long time. A lot of efforts have been taken recently but marine accidents do not reduce. Therefore a fundamental counterplan to decrease accidents in fishing vessel is indispensable for reduction of whole marine accidents in Korea. Since the most frequent occurring accidents in fishing vessels were engine trouble and collision in statistics by KMST (1996∼2015), the study focused on them. The cause of engine trouble were poor inspection and maintenance of the mechanical system. The greatest portion of marine accidents was collision, and the biggest cause of the collision was poor watch-keeping. The better watch-keeping will be the best way to reduce the accident. For this reason, it may be necessary for the navigator to make strict precaution on the other vessels under way systematically and keep the regulation for preventing collisions, and for an engineer on watch to make a check the mechanical system periodically for reduction the engine trouble. Instead of penalty, incentive about safe navigation will be helpful for reduce accident as if automobile insurance would do. In order to prevent engine trouble, the fisheries federation establish the repair center. Futhermore the development of autonomous navigation system is necessary to reduce the marine accident.

도로터널에서 수소차 사고시나리오 개발 및 위험거리에 대한 분석 연구

이후영,류지오 사단법인 한국터널지하공간학회 2022 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.24 No.6

Hydrogen is emerging as a next-generation energy source and development and supply of FCEV (hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle) is expected to occur rapidly. Accordingly, measures to respond to hydrogen car accidents are required and researches on the safety of hydrogen cars are being actively conducted. In this study, In this study, we developed a hydrogen car accident scenarios suitable for domestic conditions for the safety evaluation of hydrogen car in road tunnels through analysis of existing experiments and research data and analyzed and presented the hazard distance according to the accident results of the hydrogen car accident scenarios. The accident results according to the hydrogen car accident scenario were classified into minor accidents, general fires, jet flames and explosions. The probability of occurrence of each accident results are predicted to be 93.06%, 1.83%, 2.25%, and 2.31%. In the case of applying the hydrogen tank specifications of FCEV developed in Korea, the hazard distance for explosion pressure (based on 16.5 kPa) is about 17.6 m, about 6 m for jet fire, up to 35m for fireball in road tunnel with a standard cross section (72 m2). 수소는 차세대 에너지원으로 부각되고 있으며, 수소차(FCEV)개발 및 보급이 급속도로 이루어질 것으로 예상된다. 이에 수소차 사고에 대응하기 위한 대책이 요구되고 있으며, 수소차의 안전성에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 실험 및 연구자료에 대한 분석을 통해 도로터널에서 수소차 안전성 평가를 위하여 국내 실정에 맞는 수소차 사고시나리오를 개발하였으며, 수소차 사고시나리오의 사고결과에 대한 위험거리를 분석ㆍ제시하였다. 수소차 사고시나리오에 따른 사고결과는 경미한 사고, 일반화재, 제트화염, 폭발로 구분되며, 각각의 발생확률을 93.06%, 1.83%, 2.25%, 2.31%로 예측된다. 표준단면(72 m2)의 도로터널에서 국내에서 시판되는 수소차량의 수소탱크제원을 적용하는 경우, 사고결과에 따른 위험 거리는 폭발의 경우 약 17.6 m (폭발압력 16.5 kPa기준), 제트화염은 약 6 m, 파이어볼 형성에 따른 위험거리는 최대 35m로 분석되었다.

An Assessment of Reactor Vessel Integrity Under In-Vessel Vapor Explosion Loads

Bang, Kwang-Hyun,Cho, Jong-Rae,Park, Soo-Yong Korean Nuclear Society 2000 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.32 No.4

A safety assessment of reactor vessel lower head integrity under in-vessel vapor explosion loads has been performed. The core melt relocation parameters were chosen within the ranges of physically realizable bounds. The premixing and explosion calculations were performed using TRACER-II code. Using the calculated explosion pressures imposed on the lower head inner wall, strain calculations were peformed using ANSYS code. Then, the calculated strain results and the established failure criteria were used in determining the failure probability of the lower head, In the explosion analyses, it is shown that the explosion impulses are not altered significantly by the uncertain parameters of triggering location and time, fuel and vapor volume fractions in uniform premixture bounding calculations. Strain analyses show that the vapor explosion-induced lower head failure is not possible under the present framework of assessment. The result of static analysis using the conservative explosion-end pressure of 50 MPa also supports the conclusion. It is recommended, however, that an assessment of fracture mechanics for preexisting cracks be also considered to obtain a more concrete conclusion.