The Effect of Entrepreneurial Education on Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship Intention: Focusing on University Students who took Entrepreneurship-related Courses

Kim, Moon Jun,Kim, Su Hee The International Promotion Agency of Culture Tech 2021 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.9 No.3

This purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship intention, entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship intention. For this purpose, the following empirical analysis was conducted on the research hypothesis set in the research model for 223 university students who took the course on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship. First, as a result of examining the effect of the hypothesis 1 between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention, a positive effect was shown. Hypothesis 1 was accepted. Second, hypothesis 2, entrepreneurship education showed a positive (+) influence on entrepreneurship. Therefore, hypothesis 2 was accepted. Third, as a result of testing the hypotheses on the relationship between the three hypotheses on and entrepreneurial intention, statistically significant analysis was performed. Therefore, hypothesis 3 was accepted. In other words, the results of this study showed that entrepreneurship education acted as a positive factor on the entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial spirit, like the results of previous studies. Therefore, as entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship act as major factors to improve entrepreneurial intentions, the importance of upgrading systematic and substantial entrepreneurship education and education on substantial entrepreneurship was emphasized.

국민의식과 사회문제 해결 대안으로서의 기업가정신 탐색

이현숙,강경균 한국경영학회 2016 Korea Business Review Vol.20 No.4

Entrepreneurship has been a driving force for economic growth. However, the definition of entrepreneurship has been defined as a way of thinking for creating value or defined as activities related to start-up. This kind of narrow definition led the misunderstanding to the public. Also, the entrepreneurship policy makers and educators have used the concept of entrepreneurship as a start-up activities. With this mis-concept of narrow definition should broaden to the right and broad concept of entrepreneurship as the zeitgeist and the solutions to social problem. For redefining the entrepreneurship concept, we conducted the survey with experts in the entrepreneurship industry such as professors in entrepreneurship division at university level and experts in entrepreneurship industry such as policy makers in the government related organization. Based on Colaizzi(1978)'s research, the phenomenologist view is useful to see the core value of phenomena. Researchers did in-depth interview to redefine the definition of entrepreneurship. We got the 6 key concepts which they have to be included in the definition of entrepreneurship through in-depth interview. First, entrepreneurship can solve the inequity issues in terms of social value and economic side. Second, it can be a solution of unbalanced bad cycle of society. Third, it can be a solution to adjust the current economic paradigm. Forth, entrepreneurship can be a driving force of economic and social dynamics. Fifth, it will create the positive system to create the effective results. As a sixth key point, entrepreneurship can be a source of social value creation beyond the economic value creation. These core values can lead the more broad perspective to understand entrepreneurship concept as a solution of social problem and the zeitgeist. Using this understanding, entrepreneurship can be applied to the economic sectors and social sectors as well. Also, it will bring the right direction for entrepreneurship education in the situation all students have to take the entrepreneurship course as a mandatory course. 기업가정신(Entrepreneurship)은 일자리 창출 및 경제성장에 기여하여 국가의 경쟁력을 형성하는 핵심동력 역할을 한다. 즉, 기업가정신은 우리가 처해 있는 사회 및 경제적 문제를 해결하는 대안으로서의 역할을 한다. 그럼에도 불구하고 기업가정신은 창업으로 인식되거나 기업가적 사고방식 및 행동양식으로 국한되어 이해되는 경우가 많다. 기업가정신이 국민의식과 사회문제를 해결하는 대안으로 작용하기 위해서는 기업가정신의 개념에 대한 재정립이 필요하다. 본 연구는 기업가정신이 국민의식과 사회문제를 해결하는 대안으로 이해되어야 한다는 당위성을 설명하기 위해 기업가정신 전문가와의 인터뷰를 통해 기업가정신이 국민의식과 사회문제를 해결하기 위해 어떤 본질과 속성을 가지고 있는지를 찾고자 하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 기업가정신의 개념을 재정립하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 기업가정신에 대한 의미와 구조를 순환적으로 밝혀내는 자연주의적 질적 접근을 시도하였으며, 특히 삶의 현상에 대한 본질적 측면을 밝힐 수 있는 현상학적 접근법을 사용하였다. 이를 위해 기업가정신에 대한 오랜 연구와 경험을 가진 전문가와의 심층 인터뷰를 실시하였으며, 국민의식과 사회문제 해결로서의 기업가정신을 핵심질문으로 하여 기업가정신의 의미가 사회나 국가에 어떤 의미를 미치는지를 질문하였다. 본 연구를 통해 기업가정신의 본질 속에는 6개의 주제가 내포되어 있음을 파악하였다. 첫째, 편향된 가치로 인한 사회 구조의 불균형, 둘째, 기존의 한계로 인한 사회문제의 악순환, 셋째, 새로운 요구로 인한 패러다임 변화의 필요성, 넷째, 유기체적 기업이 변화하는 동인으로서의 기업가정신, 다섯째, 기업가정신이 주는 역동성으로 인한 기업의 선순환, 여섯째, 경제 및 사회적 가치창출의 원천으로서의 기업가정신으로 정의되었다. 이러한 기업가정신 개념의 본질에 대한 이해를 통해 일반적으로 인식되던 창업으로서의 협의 개념에서 벗어나 사회문제를 해결해 주는 시대정신으로서의 기업가정신을 재개념화 한 것은 본 논문의 기여점이라고 할 수 있다. 기업가정신의 재개념화와 더불어 기업가정신이 국민의식 및 사회문제 해결의 대안으로 작용하는 여러 사례들을 발굴하고, 기업가정신을 함양할 수 있는 기업가정신 교육, 혹은 관련 프로그램의 지속적 개발이 필요하다고 할 수 있겠다.

EXPERT CONCEPTS OF INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN HOTELS

Jeou-Shyan Horng,Chang-Yen Tsai,Yu-Chun Chung 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

Introduction In view of the fact that innovation and entrepreneurship are the major trends in the tourism and hospitality industry and the entry technology for the tourism and hospitality industry is easier for start-ups than for high-tech industries and for small and medium-sized enterprises with low thresholds for investment, the demand for business start-ups by the general public has become more and more frequent The larger the cultivation of talents is, the more intense it is. At present, foreign countries have begun to pay more attention to the tourism and hospitality industry for innovation and entrepreneurship (Weiermair, Stiller, & Mossenlechner, 2006; Zapalska, Brozik, & Rudd, 2004; Lee, Hallak, & Sardeshmukh, 2016), there is a lack of integration and comprehensiveness. Most studies only focus on the entrepreneur's personal characteristics, entrepreneur's personal factors, and entrepreneurial psychology (Hisrich, 1990; Littunen, 2000; Zapalska et al., 2004; Ramos-Rodriguez et al., 2012). Compared with the previous single-level discussion, this study will explore the key elements of innovation and entrepreneurship in tourism and hospitality industry through expert interview. Theoritical Development Innovation plays an important central role in entrepreneurship (Hebert & Link, 2006). In the past, there was also a lot of empirical research that identified innovation as a tenet of hotel organization performance (Agarwal, Erramilli, & Dev, 2003; Grissemann, Plank, & Brunner-Sperdin, 2013; Lin, 2013; Lee et al., 2016). Hotel industry products are difficult to protect through patents, etc. Therefore, continuous product innovation is very important for the hotel industry and is the main factor in keeping the leading competitive edge in the industry (Agarwal et al., 2003). What's more, implementing a new management structure, improving operational efficiency through new technologies, and new logistics and delivery systems make the enterprise a price-competitive advantage with lower costs due to innovation (Lin, 2013). In addition Enz and Siguaw (2003) believe that hoteliers can gain more competitive advantage if they can integrate and implement innovations in daily operations. From the study of Ndubisi and Iftikhar (2012), it is found that entrepreneurship really affects the innovation of SMEs. All in all, the current tourism and hospitality industry in Taiwan is mostly characterized by SMEs. According to the literature review, this study finds that innovation is the intermediary variable that catalyzes the initiation of entrepreneurial activity by innovation. Research Design The data on which this paper is based consist of expert concepts of hotel innovation and entrepreneurship in Taiwan and investigations into their views on innovation and entrepreneurship, which have developed over the course of their specialized experience. The experts had an average of 13 years of experience in researching, teaching, or hospitality management in the field of hotel innovation and entrepreneurship. The scholars we selected had excellent academic reputations and teaching experience in innovation and entrepreneurship. Most of the industry experts selected had experience in assisting hotels to carry out their innovation and entrepreneurship, whose duties are relevant to organizational innovation and entrepreneurship implementation and whose corporations have pursued innovation and entrepreneurship related activities that can be found in mass media or are certified in innovation and entrepreneurship related practices. Result and Conclusion As the hotel industry continues to expand, innovation and entrepreneurship initiatives are imperative. In this study, the innovation and entrepreneurship conceptual framework in the hotel industry contains not only the elements of personal factors, organizational factors, but also innovation and entrepreneurship performance, such as competitive advantages. That is, hotels can implement innovation and entrepreneurship through personal or organizational factors. For instance, encouraging members to interact and learn together, through mutual trust toward a common goal, and then create business and personal fruitful. It can provide a clear and complete process of an innovation and entrepreneurship program, which is important for practitioners to reduce uncertainty and the cost of trial and error and increase their motivation to practice.

생애 주기별 창업교육 경험이 창업의도에 미치는 영향 : 한국과 미국 국가별 비교 및 기업가정신의 매개효과를 중심으로

손수미(Son Su Mi) 단국대학교 글로벌벤처전략연구소 2021 Entrepreneurship&ESG연구 Vol.1 No.1

본 연구는 한국의 창업교육 및 바람직한 창업 생태계 조성을 위한 방안을 모색하기 위해 2016년 GETR(Global Entrepreneurship Trend Report) 데이터를 활용하여 한국과 미국의 생애 주기별 창업 교육이 창업교육 경험, 기업가정신 그리고 창업의도의 관계를 분석하였다. 연구결과에 따르면 첫째, 한국과 미국의 생애 주기별 창업교육 경험은 창업의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 기업가정신은 창업의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 또한, 기업가정신은 창업교육 경험과 창업의도 간의 관계에서 매개 역할을 하고 있음이 검증되었다. 두 국가 간의 비교 결과, 미국의 창업교육을 경험한 학생들이 한국의 학생보다 기업가정신과 창업의도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 창업교육 경험의 영향과 매개효과에 대한 비교를 통해서 한국의 창업교육의 효율성을 높이는 방안을 심층적으로 탐구해야 하는 필요성을 살펴보고자 한다. The study analyzed the relationship between Korea and the U.S. with entrepreneurship education experience, entrepreneurship, and Entrepreneurial intentions using data from the 2016 Global Start-up Trend Report (GETR) to educate start-ups in Korea and create a desirable entrepreneurial ecosystem. According to the research, the experience of entrepreneurship education in Korea and the U.S. has a positive impact on Entrepreneurial intentions. Second, entrepreneurship has had a positive impact on Entrepreneurial intentions. Also, Entrepreneurship has been verified to play a mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurship education experience and entrepreneurial intentions. Third, entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship in Korea and the United States are affecting their intentions differently. As a result of comparison between the two countries, it was found that students who experienced start-up education in the United States had higher entrepreneurship and start-up intentions than Korean students. The purpose of this study is to examine the necessity of in-depth exploration of ways to increase the efficiency of start-up education in Korea through comparison of the influence and mediating effects of start-up education experiences.

한국의 기업가정신 활동: 2008년 글로벌기업가정신연구(GEM)

반성식(Sung Sik Bahn),서상구(Sang Gu Seo),이현숙(Hyun Suk Lee),DonnaKelley,이용삼(Yong Sam Lee) 한국창업학회 2009 한국창업학회지 Vol.4 No.3

This report investigates the current status of entrepreneurship in Korea. It compares the frequency and nature of entrepreneurial activity in Korea with other countries around the world who have participated in the 2008 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)Adult Population Survey. The purpose of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) is to build and enhance global understanding about the attitudes, activity, and aspiration of entrepreneurs. By providing greater knowledge about entrepreneurship, GEM can help governments, businesses, and educators around the world design policies, develop programs, and provide assistance to help these enterprising individuals thrthrtin an increasing global business environment. GEM is a consortium of national academic teams and a central coordination team. Working together, this consortium administers an adult population survey (APS) of at least 2,000 individuals from 18-64 years old in each participating country. In addition, GEM conducts National Expert Surveys(NES), to provide information about particular factors impacting entrepreneurship in each country. Starting with 10 relatively wealthy countries in its first survey in 1999, GEM has brought together 64 countries over a ten-year period, representing an increasingly diverse set of economies from a spectrum of income levels. The 2008 GEM Adult Population Survey (APS) was conducted in 43 countries, which included the re-entry of Korea after a five-year hiatus. This report organizes the 43 countries into three groupings based on different economic development levels: factor-driven, efficiency-driven, and innovation-driven. Korea is among the 18 higher-income innovation-driven economies. Many of the comparisons made in this report with respect to Korea are within this group of countries. The GEM Model shows three groupings of framework conditions that influence entrepreneurship, which in turn impacts national economic growth. In measuring entrepreneurial activity, GEM includes four phases: potential, nascent, new, and established entrepreneurs. This report focuses primarily on nascent and new entrepreneurs, which make up the Total Entrepreneurial Activity(TEA) rate. This rate was 10% of the adult population in Korea, one of the highest TEA rates exhibited among the innovation-driven countries. While many of these entrepreneurs were motivated by improvement-driven opportunity (the prospects for higher income or independence) there was also a high proportion of need or necessity-based entrepreneurship. The rate of business discontinuation is the highest in Korea, relative to the other innovation-driven countries. The frequency through which entrepreneurs both start and discontinue businesses indicates a high level of entrepreneurial dynamism in this country. One distinct quality of entrepreneurship in Korea is the ratio of male to female participation in entrepreneurship. While this varies among countries across the entire sample, the innovation-driven countries generally have a male-to-female entrepreneurship ratio of two to one, with some (U.S., Germany) having a much lower ratio. Korea, however, has about a three-to-one ratio. Another prominent characteristic describing Korean entrepreneurs is the comparatively high level of education they have achieved, particularly graduate experience. Reports from the National Expert Survey reveal that availability of funding is a challenge for entrepreneurs, which is generally a concern for all the innovation-driven economies. Experts in Korea agree that entrepreneurship is a priority for government, and this can be reflected in the variety of government programs initiated to promote entrepreneurship, including the establishment of technology incubators. In 2008, GEM recognized the importance of entrepreneurship-specific education and training by including questions relating to this special topic in the survey. While general education levels are high among Korean entrepreneurs, entrepr

직업계고 창업교육 운영 전략 탐색

강경균 한국직업교육학회 2020 職業 敎育 硏究 Vol.39 No.1

The purpose of this study is to activate entrepreneurship education in vocational high schools by exploring examples of entrepreneurship education in vocational high schools. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, we analyzed the contents of vocational level in the national government programs and specialized curriculum in the 2015 revised curriculum. In addition, a multi-case study was conducted on experts to derive a strategy for vocational high school entrepreneurship education. the results are as follow. First, entrepreneurship education in vocational high school should aim to cultivate entrepreneurship and lay the foundation for technology-based entrepreneurship. Second, the entrepreneurship education can be operated as creative and self-directed entrepreneurship education in various forms by acquiring theories and functions through the vocational high school curriculum and engaging with the curriculum. Third, school enterprise type, cooperative type, and club type were derived as the types of operation to experience entrepreneurship education in vocational high school. Fourth, collaboration with members is important as an activation strategy for entrepreneurship education. Fifth, overall experience education about the start-up should be made from the production, sales, and management of objects using their own skills. Sixth, entrepreneurship education outside of school is important along with entrepreneurship education in school. Seventh, it is possible to expand the scope of support and learning by conducting linkage programs with universities, municipalities, wards and ward offices. Based on these results, it is necessary to operate entrepreneurship education as a policy of vocational high school, to establish entrepreneurship education programs, and to secure the professionalism of teachers. 이 연구의 목적은 직업계고에서의 창업교육 사례를 통하여 운영 전략을 탐색하는 것이다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 국내 정부기관 프로그램과 2015개정교육과정에서의 전문교과에서의 직업계고 관련 내용을 분석하였다. 그리고 전문가를 대상으로 다중사례연구를 통하여 직업계고 창업교육 운영 전략을 도출하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 직업계고에서의 창업교육은 기업가정신을 함양하고, 기술 기반의 창업을 할 수 있는 토대를 마련하는 것이 목적이 되어야 한다. 둘째, 직업계고의 교육과정을 통해 이론 및 기능을 습득하고 교육과정과 맞물려 창업교육은 다양한 형태에서 창의적이고 자기 주도적인 실무 중심의 창업교육으로 운영될 수 있다. 셋째, 직업계고에서 창업교육을 경험할 수 있도록 운영할 수 있는 형태로는 학교기업 유형, 협동조합 유형, 동아리 유형이 도출되었다. 넷째, 창업교육 운영을 위한 활성화 전략으로서 구성원과의 협업이 중요하다. 다섯째, 자신의 기술을 활용한 물건의 제작에서부터 판매 그리고 경영까지 창업에 대한 전반적인 체험 교육이 되어야 한다. 여섯째, 학교 안에서의 창업교육과 함께 학교 밖에서의 창업교육이 중요하다. 일곱째, 지역사회인 대학, 시ㆍ도ㆍ구청 등과 함께 연계 프로그램을 진행함으로서 지원의 폭과 배움의 폭을 넓힐 수 있다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 직업계고의 중요한 정책으로서 창업교육 운영이 필요하고, 창업교육 프로그램 마련 및 교원의 전문성 확보가 요구된다.

AHP를 활용한 창업대학원 교과목 선호도 평가요인별 중요도에 관한 연구: 창업대학원 재학생을 대상으로

이일한,김현숙 한국벤처창업학회 2016 벤처창업연구 Vol.11 No.6

Since global circumstances have become competitive, entrepreneurship has been regarded as the most important factors in economic revitalization not only in korea but also internationally. According to these changes, public entrepreneurship education has been started from the year of 2004 establishing Entrepreneurial Graduate School as a part of governmental plan. Although entrepreneurship education history is not long enough in korea, but the need for entrepreneurship education in social is now going ahead of the public education systems such as universities and graduate schools. Therefore, this study is conducted for the purpose of drawing the subject frame for systematized integration curriculum of entrepreneurship education through evaluating the importance of the subjects by Analytic Hierarchy Process analysis after being composed of 6 modularity in the Entrepreneurship subjects. This was structured based on studying the current status for entrepreneurship education in domestic universities and graduate schools. The research findings under the condition of Judgement consistency ratio 0.1 are as follows. The most important factors are in order as following; “Entrepreneurial Issues for Fund”(.242), “Entrepreneurship Plan”(.195), “Entrepreneurship & Entrepreneurship mindset”(.161), “Entrepreneurial Issues for Growth & Development”(.160), “Management Skill & Strategy”(.150), and “Special Entrepreneurship”(.093). Then, these findings also represent subfactors as well. The results of this study provide the practical guidelines where the curriculums needed for the entrepreneurship education at graduate schools by suggesting consistency for the systematic and comprehensive curriculum design. It was reflected the survey result from the graduate students taking the entrepreneurship subjects. Therefore, it will contribute the foundation of the present curriculum of Entrepreneurial Graduate School. 글로벌 경쟁시대에 돌입하면서 창업에 필요한 실무지식 및 관련 정보를 제공하기 위한 체계적이고 전문적인 창업교육의 필요성을 인식하게 되어 정부는 2004년에 창업대학원을 설치하여 운영해 오고 있다. 국내 창업대학원의 운영을 시작으로 창업에 대한 학문적 인식이 높아지고 있지만 아직은 시작단계에 불과하기 때문에 창업교육현황과 개선방안에 대한 연구가 주를 이루고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내·외 문헌을 고찰하여 창업교육의 발전과정과 이론적 모형을 검토하고, 국내 대학 및 대학원의 창업교육의 현황을 분석한 후, 국내의 10개 창업대학원의 창업학과 교과목을 6개로 모듈화한 후 계층화 분석과정(AHP)을 이용하여 창업 교과목에 대한 중요도를 평가하고자 하였으며, 창업교육의 체계적이고 통합적인 교육과정을 설계하는데 필요한 교과목 프레임을 도출하고자 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 일관성 비율이 0.1이하에서 상위요인의 경우, 가장 중요한 요인으로“Entrepreneurial Issues for Fund”(.242)로 나타났으며, “Entrepreneurship Plan”(.195), “Entrepreneurship & Entrepreneurship mindset”(.161), “Entrepreneurial Issues for Growth & Development”(.160), “Management Skill & Strategy”(.150), “Special Entrepreneurship”(.093)순으로 나타났으며, 하위요인별로도 결과를 제시하였다. 이에 본 연구는 창업교육대학원의 현 교과목 체계의 근간을 검토하고 사회적 변화에 따른 교과목 체계를 제시함과 동시에 교육의 적극적 참여자인 학생들의 의견을 반영하여 창업교육대학원의 교과목편성에 있어서 교육내용의 체계화와 통합적 교과과정의 설계에 일관성을 제공, 현실적인 가이드라인을 제시했다는데 의의가 있다.

창업동기와 창업교육 만족이 창업 준비행동, 자기효능감 그리고 외식 창업의도에 미치는 영향: 경남 지역 창업교육 수료생을 중심으로

양재장 ( Jae Jang Yang ),남중헌 ( Jung Heon Nam ) 대한관광경영학회 2015 觀光硏究 Vol.30 No.6

본 연구는 경상남도 외식 창업교육을 수료한 수료생을 대상으로 창업 동기와 창업 교육 만족이 창업 준비 행동과 자기효능감을 거쳐 외식 창업 의도에 미치는 영향관계를 검증함으로써 창업 동기 부여와 창업 교육 만족의 정도가 창업 의도에 미치는 역할을 규명하고자 하였다. 설문조사 기간은 2014년 8월 1일부터 12월 30일 까지 총 5개월간 진행되었으며, 조사 대상은 외식업중앙회의 경상남도교육원에서 외식 창업 교육을 수료한 수료생을 대상으로 조사하였다. 설문은 총 412명으로 부터 설문서를 회수하여 불성실한 설문 응답자 12명을 제외한 400명 에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 창업 동기는 자기 효능감에에 영향을 미치고, 그런 자기 효능감이 궁극적으로 창업 준비 및 외식 창업 의도에 영향변수란 점을 파악할 수 있었다. 구체적으로 창업 동기는 창업 준비 행동과 자기효능감에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 창업 교육 만족은 창업 준비행동과 자기효능감에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자기 효능감은 창업 준비 행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 창업 준비 행동과 자기 효능감은 외식 창업 의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 창업 준비 행동과 자기 효능감은 창업 동기와 창업 교육 만족에 의해 형성되며 창업 준비 행동보다 자기 효능감이 창업 의도에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이런 분석결과는 아직까지 창업 준비 행동 보다 자기 효능감이 외식 창업 의도에 더 큰 영향을 미친다고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of entrepreneurship motivation and satisfaction of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurship preparation behavior, self-efficacy and start-up intentions for food service entrepreneurship. For this purpose, a survey was conducted at an entrepreneurship education program which had been run for about 5 months from August 11th to December 30th, 2014. A total of 412 participants took the survey and 400 (97.1%) survey data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 21 and AMOS 21. Structural equation modeling was employed to verify the research hypothesis. Research findings revealed that entrepreneurship motivation affects self-efficacy, and self efficacy influences entrepreneurship preparation behavior as well as start-up intentions for food service entrepreneurship. In addition, entrepreneurship preparation behaviour and self-efficacy were both found to be affected by entrepreneurship motivation. In other words, the entrepreneurship preparation behaviour and self-efficacy are results of entrepreneurship motivation and satisfaction of entrepreneurship education, In addition, self-efficacy had a greater effect on start-up intentions for entrepreneurship than the entrepreneurship preparation behavior. Hence, self-efficacy seems to play a greater role in carrying out start-up intentions for entrepreneurship than entrepreneurship preparation behavior.

한국의 기업가정신 발전과정

배종태(Zong-Tae Bae) 기업가정신학회 2022 기업가정신연구 Vol.3 No.2

본 연구에서는 한국의 기업가정신의 특징과 기업가정신이 발전해온 과정을 돌아보고, 시대정신에 따라 기업가정신의 특성과 현상이 어떻게 바뀌어 왔는지를 분석하였다. 본 연구는 한국의 기업가정신 정의와 이해, 한국의 기업가정신 발전과정, 한국형 기업가정신(K-Entrepreneurship) 등 세 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 첫째, 본 연구는 한국의 경제사회발전과정과 연계하여, 기업가정신을 “시대정신에 부응하여, ① 새로운 기회를 포착하여, ② 혁신과 협력, 자원 및 리스크 관리를 통해 가치를 창출하고 나누는, ③ 기업가의 도전적인 마음가짐과 행동”으로 정의하고, 일반적인 기업가정신의 특성이 한국에서 시대정신에 따라 어떻게 구현되었는지 상황적 분석을 시도하였다. 특히 기업가정신의 핵심요소로 ① 기회포착, ② 도전/열정, ③ 혁신/가치창출의 세 가지를 도출하였다. 둘째, 한국 기업가정신의 발전과정을 아직 기업가정신이 본격화되지 못했던 기업가정신 여명기(1920년대-1950년대)에 이어, ① 기업가정신 1세대 (1960년대-1980년대), ② 기업가정신 2세대 (1990년대-2000년대), ③ 기업가정신 3세대 (2010년대 이후) 등 3단계로 나누어 살펴보았다. 각 세대별로 대표적인 기업가들을 분석하였고, 사업기회의 특성도 살펴보았다 셋째, 본 연구에서는 우리나라 기업가정신 발전과정과 기업가들의 활동 특성을 바탕으로 한국형 기업가정신의 원형과 특성을 탐색해 보았다. 특히 한국형 기업가정신의 핵심요소로 ① 시대정신을 반영한 동태적 발전, ② 빠른 혁신과 실행, ③ 정부정책 지원과 연계, ④ 우수한 기업가 및 인력 등 네 가지 특성을 도출하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 한국의 기업가정신 특성을 파악하고, 우리나라 기업가정신의 발전 방향을 모색하는데도 기여할 수 있을 것이다. This study deals with the characteristics and development process of entrepreneurship in Korea and how the aspects and phenomena of entrepreneurship have changed according to the spirit of the times. This study consists of three parts: the definition and understanding of Korean entrepreneurship, the development process of Korean entrepreneurship, and the nature of K-Entrepreneurship. First, in connection with Korea's economic and social development process and the spirit of the times, this study defines entrepreneurship as “① an entrepreneur’s challenging mindset, competence, and action, ② identifying new opportunities, and ③ creating and sharing value through innovation, cooperation, resources and risk management, in the context of the spirit of the age. Three key elements of entrepreneurship were derived: ① opportunity, ② challenge, and ③ innovation/value creation. Second, the development process of entrepreneurship in Korea was analyzed. Following the embryonic period of entrepreneurship (the 1920s-1950s), when entrepreneurship was not yet fully realized, entrepreneurship in Korea has developed along three stages: ① the first generation (1960s-1980s), ② the second generation (1990s-2000s) and ③ the third generation of entrepreneurship (since 2010s). Representative entrepreneurs for each age were analyzed, and the characteristics of business opportunities were also examined. Third, this study explored the prototype and characteristics of Korean entrepreneurship (K-Entrepreneurship) based on the development process of entrepreneurship in Korea and the attributes of entrepreneurs' activities. In particular, four key elements of Korean entrepreneurship - ① dynamic development reflecting the spirit of the times, ② rapid innovation and execution, ③ strong government policy support, and ④ existence of excellent entrepreneurs and smart people. The findings of this study will contribute to understanding the characteristics of Korean entrepreneurship and seeking the development direction of Korean entrepreneurship.

Entrepreneurship and Technology innovation이 경영ㆍ고용성과에 미치는 영향 연구

박철우 한국창업학회 2022 한국창업학회지 Vol.17 No.3

This study attempted to examine the impact of Entrepreneurship and Technology Innovation on management and employment performance in our society, where digital transactions are rapidly progressing through non-face-to-face trades after the pandemic caused by COVID-19. As a result of a study of small and medium-sized enterprises in Busan and Gyeongnam, it is found that initiative and risk sensitivity, which are sub-variables of Entrepreneurship, had a positive effect on technology innovation. Also, that technology innovation has a positive (+) effect on management and employment performance. Entrepreneurship is confirmed to have a positive effect on management performance, and enterprising-spirit and risk-taking showed a positive influence on employment performance. However, innovation was rejected. In addition, it is found that there was a mediating effect of technology innovation between Entrepreneurship and management and employment performance. As the transition to a smart hyper-connected society is expected after the 4th Industrial Revolution and the Pendemic, Entrepreneurship and Technology Innovation are emerging as important factors to increase management and employment performance. his study suggests the need for national support to strengthen entrepreneurship and technology innovation to explore new opportunities and promote management and employment in the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, and policy implications accordingly. 본 연구는 코로나19로 인한 팬데믹 이후 비대면 거래로 디지털 대전환이 급속히 진행되는 우리 사회에서, Entrepreneurship과 Technology innovation이 경영ㆍ고용성과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 부산ㆍ경남지역 중소기업을 대상으로 연구한 결과, Entrepreneurship의 하위변수인 진취성과 위험감수성은 Technology innovation에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, Technology innovation은 경영ㆍ고용성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. Entrepreneurship은 경영성과에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었으며, 고용성과는 진취성과 위험감수성은 긍정적인 영향 관계를 나타냈지만, 혁신성은 기각되었다. Entrepreneurship과 경영ㆍ고용성과 간에 Technology innovation 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 4차 산업혁명과 팬데믹 이후에도 스마트 초연결 사회로 전환 예상됨에 따라 Entrepreneurship과 Technology innovation이 경영ㆍ고용성과를 높이는 중요한 인자로 부상하고 있다. 본 연구 결과는 중소기업이 코로나19 팬데믹 위기에서 새로운 기회를 탐색하고 경영ㆍ고용을 촉진하기 위하여 Entrepreneurship과 Technology innovation 강화를 위한 국가적인 지원 필요성과 이에 따른 정책적인 시사점을 제시하였다.