항공사의 친환경 경영이 브랜드 태도, 신뢰, 충성도에 미치는 이중매개효과 연구

임희진,임재필 한국관광연구학회 2025 관광연구저널 Vol.39 No.1

요약: 이 연구는 항공 운송 산업에서 기업의 경쟁력과 지속 가능한 경영을 실현하기 위해 ESG 관점에서의 친환경 경영을 측정하고, 이를 항공사 이용 고객의 브랜드 태도와 신뢰, 충성도와의 인과 관계를 분석함으로써 지속적인 성과 도출에 도움을 주려고 한다. 항공사 이용 고객을 대상으로 한 설문 조사를 통해 총 456부의 설문을 바탕으로 실증분석을 진행하였다. 실증분석을 통해 친환경 경영활동, 브랜드 태도, 신뢰, 충성도의 관계를 파악하여 친환경 경영활동의 중요성을 파악하고자 한다. 실증분석을 위해 process macro를 이용해 이중매개효과를 분석하였다. 우선 친환경 경영활동의 하위 요인으로 친환경 교육, 항공사 운영관리, 친환경 기내서비스, 폐기물 및 재활용 관리의 4가지 요인을 도출하였다. 친환경 경영활동과 충성도 간 관계에서 브랜드 태도, 신뢰의 이중매개효과를 분석한 결과, 친환경 경영활동이 브랜드 태도와 신뢰를 거쳐 충성도로 이어지는 이중매개효과는 모두 유의한 영향 관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 ESG 경영의 중요성이 증대되고 있는 시점에서 항공사의 친환경 경영활동이 브랜드 태도, 신뢰, 충성도를 향상시킬 수 있는 전략이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 친환경 경영활동은 항공사의 마케팅 포인트를 제시하는데 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다는 것을 보여주며, 항공사 및 ESG 경영에 대한 연구자들에게 유익한 시사점을 제공한다. Abstract: This study measured eco-friendly management from an ESG perspective in order to achieve corporate competitiveness and sustainable management in the air transportation industry, and to help derive sustainable results by analyzing the causal relationship between this and airline customers’ brand attitudes, trust, and loyalty. An empirical analysis was conducted based on a total of 456 questionnaires sent to airline passengers. Through the empirical analysis, the relationship between eco-friendly management activities, brand attitude, trust, and loyalty was grasped, and the importance of eco-friendly management activities was understood. For the empirical analysis, a process macro was used to analyze the double mediation effect. First, four factors were derived as sub-factors of eco-friendly management activities: eco-friendly education, airline operational management, eco-friendly in-flight services, and waste and recycling management. As a result of analyzing the double mediation effect of brand attitude and trust in the relationship between eco-friendly management activities and loyalty, it was found that the double mediation effect in which eco-friendly management activities connect to loyalty via brand attitude and trust both showed significant influence relationships. These results confirmed that at a time when the importance of ESG management is increasing, eco-friendly management activities of airlines can be a strategy that can improve brand attitude, trust, and loyalty. It shows that eco-friendly management activities can play an important role in presenting the marketing points of airlines, thus providing useful suggestions for researchers on airline and ESG management.

환대산업의 친환경 경영이 고객의 지속적 행동 의도에 미치는 영향: 고객 태도의 매개 효과를 중심으로

전정아 한국관광진흥학회 2024 관광진흥연구 Vol.12 No.se4.1

본 연구는 대표적 환대산업인 외식산업, 호텔 및 리조트 산업, 항공사, 골프장, 놀이공원 등을 이용한 경험이 있는 고객들을 대상으로 친환경 경영이 소비자들의 친환경 제품의 지속행동에 미치는 영향을 파악함과동시에 친환경 고객태도에 따라서 친환경 경영와 고객지속행동의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 파악하고자한다. 분석결과, 환대산업의 친환경 경영 요인 중 친환경 캠페인을 제외한 재활용, 친환경 교육, 친환경 서비스는 친환경 고객태도 뿐만 아니라 고객지속행동의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 친환경 고객태도는 고객지속행동의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이 외에 매개효과 분석에 있어서는 환대산업의 친환경 경영 요인이 재활용, 친환경 캠페인, 친환경 교육, 친환경 서비스 모두 고객지속행동의도에 미치는 영향에 있어서 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 관광기업들이환경 문제를 인식하고 개선하기 위한 직원 교육을 강화시키고 더 나아가 내·외부 고객 서비스 시 환경이 우선시 되어야 함을 강조하였다. This study investigates the impact of eco-friendly management on the sustainable behavioral intentions of customers with prior experience in the hospitality industry, as well as how eco-friendly customer attitude affect both eco-friendly management and customer sustainable behavioral intention. The analysis showed that all factors of eco-friendly management in the hospitality industry, except for the eco-friendly campaign, significantly influence not only eco-friendly customer attitude but also customer sustainable behavioral intention. Furthermore, eco-friendly customer attitudes were found to significantly impact customer sustainable behavioral intentions. Additionally, the mediation effect analysis of eco-friendly customer attitudes indicated that eco-friendly management factors such as recycling, eco-friendly campaign, eco-friendly education, and eco-friendly services all play a mediating role in influencing customer sustainable behavioral intentions.

인테리어 타일 자재 기업의 친환경 경영이 구매의도에 미치는 영향

이미영,조현덕,차향랑,김미진,김하균 사단법인 한국융합기술연구학회 2024 아시아태평양융합연구교류논문지 Vol.10 No.2

기업의 친환경 경영은 기업의 이미지와 브랜드 이미지를 통한 구매의도를 높이는 데 효과적인 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 기업의 친환경 경영이 기업 이미지와 브랜드 이미지를 통하여 구매의도에 어떠한 영향 관계에 있는지를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 기업의 친환경 경영을 결정하는 요인으로 친환경 디자인, 친환경 인증, 친환경 캠페인으로 구분하였다. 본 연구는 인테리어 타일 자재를 사용한 경험이 있거나 관심이 있는 일반인들을 연구대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문지의 통계분석을 위해 SPSS 23.0을 사용하였고, 가설의 검정을 위해서 SmartPLS 4.0을 사용하였다. 연구의 결과를 요약하면 첫째, 친환경 디자인은 기업 이미지에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 친환경 인증은 기업 이미지에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 셋째, 친환경 캠페인은 기업 이미지에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못했다. 넷째, 친환경 디자인은 브랜드 이미지에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 다섯째, 친환경 인증은 브랜드 이미지에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 여섯째, 친환경 캠페인은 브랜드 이미지에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 일곱째, 기업 이미지는 구매의도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 마지막으로 브랜드 이미지는 구매의도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구를 통하여 친환경 경영에 대한 긍정적인 효과와 가치 제고를 통해 더 나은 기업 경영 발전에 기여할 수 있기를 기대한다. Corporate eco-friendly management plays an effective role in enhancing purchase intention through corporate image and brand image. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between corporate eco-friendly management and purchase intention through corporate image and brand image. Eco-friendly design, eco-friendly certification, and eco-friendly campaigns are the three categories of variables that establish a company's eco-friendly management. This study surveyed the general public who had experience or were interested in using interior tile materials. SPSS 23.0 was used for statistical analysis of the questionnaire, and SmartPLS 4.0 was used for hypothesis testing. To summarize the results of the study, first, eco-friendly design had a significant influence on the corporate image. Second, eco-friendly certification did not significantly affect the corporate image. Third, eco-friendly campaigns did not significantly affect the corporate image. Fourth, eco-friendly design had a significant impact on the brand image. Fifth, eco-friendly certification had a significant impact on the brand image. Sixth, the eco-friendly campaign had a significant impact on the brand image. Seventh, the corporate image had a significant influence on purchase intention. Finally, the brand image had a significant influence on purchase intention. Through this study, it is expected to contribute to the development of better corporate management through positive effects on eco-friendly management and value enhance.

외식기업의 친환경 경영활동과 브랜드이미지, 브랜드태도, 구매의도와의 관계연구

하정복 ( Jung Bok Ha ) 한국유통물류정책학회 2019 유통물류연구 Vol.6 No.2

본 연구에서는 외식기업들의 친환경 경영활동 속성을 정립하고 친환경 경영활동이 외식기업의 브랜드이미지와 브랜드태도, 구매의도 간의 구조적 관계를 통해 소비자 의사결정에 미치는 영향에 대해서 알아보는데 중점을 두고자한다. 분석결과를 토대로 친환경 경영활동을 하는 외식기업에 대한 외식소비자들의 이미지 및 태도를 이해함으로써 향후 외식소비자에 대한 판매활동과 서비스를 제공함에 있어 기초적인 자료를 제시하고자 한다. 자료수집은 서울 및 수도권지역에 위치한 친환경 외식기업을 방문한 경험이 있는 소비자를 대상으로 자기기입식 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 최종 260부를 분석에 활용하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 친환경 경영활동이 브랜드이미지에 미치는 영향관계에서 지역사회공헌, 에너지절약, 메뉴의 구성이 브랜드이미지에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 친환경서비스는 브랜드이미지에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나 가설의 방향과 반대의 결과가 나타나 기각되었다. 브랜드이미지에 영향을 미치는 정도는 지역사회공헌, 메뉴의 구성, 에너지절약 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 친환경 경영활동이 브랜드태도에 미치는 영향관계에서 친환경 경영활동이 브랜드태도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 따라서 모두 기각되었다. 셋째, 친환경 경영활동이 구매의도에 미치는 영향관계에서 친환경 경영활동 중 에너지 절약만 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 브랜드 이미지는 브랜드태도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, 구매의도에도 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 그러나 브랜드 태도는 구매의도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결론에서는 외식기업의 브랜드강화방안과 소비자의 구매의도를 향상시킬 수 있는 친환경 마케팅 전략을 수립하는데 실무적인 시사점을 제공하였으며, 연구의 제한점과 향후 연구방향에 대하여 기술하였다. The purpose of this study is to establish the characteristics of eco-friendly management activities of restaurant business and to focus on the effects of eco-friendly management activities on consumer decision making through the structural relationship between brand image, brand attitude and purchase intention. Based on the results of the analysis, we understand the brand image and brand attitude of the consumers and the eco-friendly management activities and present the basic data to provide the sales activities and services to the eco-consumers in the future. Data collection was conducted by self-filling questionnaire survey for consumers who had visited eco-friendly restaurants in Seoul and metropolitan area. The final 260 copies were used for the analysis. First, the impact of eco-friendly management activities on brand image has a significant effect on brand image in community contribution, energy saving, and menu composition. The eco-friendly service had a significant impact on the brand image, but the result of the hypothesis was rejected. The degree of influence on brand image was in the order of community contribution (β = 0.426), menu composition (β = 0.252) and energy saving (β = 0.18). Second, in the relationship between eco-friendly management activities and brand attitude, eco-friendly management activities had no significant effect on brand attitude (p>.05). Therefore, all were dismissed. Third, in the relationship between eco-friendly management activities and purchasing intention, only energy conservation has a significant effect on eco-friendly management activities. Fourth, brand image had a significant effect on brand attitude and purchase intention. However, brand attitude had no significant effect on purchase intention (p>.05). In conclusion, this study provided practical implications for establishing eco-friendly marketing strategies to enhance the brand intention of restaurant companies and consumer purchase intentions.

친환경 경영활동이 기업이미지 및 기업평판, 고객행동의도에 미치는 연구-호텔·리조트 방문객을 대상으로-

전정아 한국외식산업학회 2024 한국외식산업학회지 Vol.20 No.2

It investigated the effects of eco-friendly management activities by hotel and resort companies on corporate image and corporate reputation, and how these factors influence customer behavioral intentions among visitors to hotels and resorts. For this purpose, a survey was commissioned to Macromill Embrain to secure a sample that could represent the population. The recruitment period spanned five days, from January 26 to January 30, 2024, analyzing responses from 223 earnest respondents. The results indicated that among the eco-friendly management activities of hotel and resort companies, the use of recycled products and eco-friendly education significantly affected corporate image. However, other factors such as eco-friendly norms and participation, eco-friendly campaigns, eco-friendly services, and eco-friendly promotion did not have a significant impact on corporate image. Conversely, eco-friendly norms and participation and eco-friendly education had a significant impact on corporate reputation, while other factors, including eco-friendly campaigns, recycled products, eco-friendly services, and eco-friendly promotion, did not significantly affect corporate reputation. Additionally, the corporate image or corporate reputation of hotel and resort companies was found to significantly influence customer behavioral intentions, specifically revisit intention and willingness to pay more.

‘환경과 패션’ 수강 경험이 친환경 행동에 미치는 영향

이경화,최예지 한국의상디자인학회 2025 한국의상디자인학회지 Vol.27 No.1

연구의 결과, 교육내용 인지와 관련된 문항에 대한 기술 통계치를 살펴보면, 15문항 중 13 개 문항에서 4.0이상의 높은 평가점수를 나타냈음을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 교과목 이수에 따른 친환경행동의도와 친환경(실천)행동 점수가 높게 나타났으며, 교과목을 타 학생에게 추천하겠다는 응답점수도 매우 높게 나타난 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 그외 수강 만족도, 친 환경 행동의도, 친환경 행동에 대한 기술통계치를 보면 전체 평균은 4.29로 환경과 패션 교 과목에 대한 수강 만족도와 친환경 행동의도, 친환경 행동이 매우 높은 수준에 있음을 알 수 있다. 수강생의 수강 만족도, 친환경 행동의도, 친환경 행동간의 관계를 알아보기 위해 Pearson 적률상관분석을 실시한 결과 대부분의 변인들 간의 상관계수에 대한 유의 확률이 유의미한 것으로 확인되었으며, 전반적인 교과목 만족도, 수업 내용 적절성, 팀 프로젝트 흥미, 팀 프로젝트 적합성, 그리고 친환경 행동의도와 친환경 행동은 다른 모든 변수와 상 관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 매개변인에 대한 분석 결과, 준거변인인 친환경 행동과 가 장 큰 상관을 보이는 변인으로 친환경 행동의도(r=.80, p<.01)인 것으로 나타나 매개변인으 로서 친환경 행동의도의 적합성이 확인되었다. 환경과 패션 수강 이전의 환경 교육 경험 유무에 따라서 각 변인들에 차이가 나타났는지 확인하기 위해 독립표본 t-test를 실시한 결 과, 여학생이 남학생보다 설명 중심의 강의식 수업에 대한 만족도가 더 높고 이것이 학업 성취도와의 높은 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 여학생이 난이도가 더 적합하다 고 응답한 것도 여학생의 높은 지식습득과 연관지어 해석할 수 있다. 마지막으로 교과목 수강을 통해 친환경 (실천)행동을 하도록 하게 하는 변수가 구체적으로 어느 정도로 영향을 미쳤는지 회귀 분석을 실시한 결과, 교과내용 구성의 타당성, 교과목 수강을 통한 지식습득, 팀구성방식의 공정성 요인이 친환경이 나왔다. This study examines how the course "Environment and Fashion" influenced university students' eco-friendly behavioral intention and eco-friendly behavior. It aimed to identify the variables affecting eco-friendly behavior post-course and explore the mediating effect of eco-friendly behavioral intention. A survey with 26 questions was administered to 104 students enrolled in the course at C University, with 86 valid responses used for analysis after excluding unreliable ones. Using IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted, along with independent t-tests to assess differences based on prior environmental education and gender. The results showed a high overall average (4.29) for the course-taking experience, eco-friendly behavioral intention, and eco-friendly behavior. Significant correlations were found among most variables, with eco-friendly behavioral intention strongly correlating with eco-friendly behavior (r=.80, p<.01), confirming its mediating effect. Additionally, female students reported a higher degree of knowledge acquisition with lecture-based classes and perceived the course difficulty as more appropriate, correlating with better academic achievement. Overall, the findings suggest that implementing environment-related courses can positively influence students’ eco-friendly behavioral intention and eco-friendly behavior, highlighting the necessity of expanding such courses in university curricula related to clothing and fashion. Regression analysis was conducted to determine the impact of variables that encourage eco-friendly behavior through the course-taking experience. The results indicated that appropriate course content and knowledge acquisition among the course-taking experiences were found to affect eco-friendly behavior only through the mediation of eco-friendly behavioral intention. However, appropriate course content and team project interest were found to affect the overall course satisfaction but did not lead to eco-friendly behavior. The study results indicate that offering environment-related courses enhances environmental education and positively influences eco-friendly awareness and behavior. This suggests the necessity of introducing courses like Environment and Fashion as general education subjects in universities. Understanding the harmful elements of fashion on the environment and encouraging eco-friendly fashion practices at the consumer level are crucial.

항공사 친환경 경영활동이 소비가치와 지속이용의도에 미치는 영향: 소비가치이론(TCV) 적용

김미영 한국관광진흥학회 2024 관광진흥연구 Vol.12 No.se10.1

항공산업은 지속적으로 성장하고 있으며 이러한 성장속도에 맞춰 항공사는 친환경 경영을 시행하고 있다. 한편, 소비자들은 전 세계적으로 환경문제가 증가함을 인지하고 있으며 점차 친환경 기업의 제품과 서비스에 가치를 두고 있다. 그동안 기업의 친환경 경영과 소비가치에 관련된 연구가 진행되었으나 항공기 이용객을 대상으로 기업의 친환경 경영에 따른 소비자의 가치 관점을 세부적으로 규명한 연구는 미흡하다. 따라서본 연구는 소비가치이론(TCV: Theory of Consumption Value)을 적용하여 항공기 이용객을 대상으로 기업의 친환경 경영에 따른 소비자의 가치 관점을 규명하였다. 본 연구의 구체적인 목적은 항공사 친환경 경영활동(친환경 기내서비스, 친환경 항공기, 친환경 사회공헌)이 소비가치(기능적 가치, 사회적 가치, 감정적 가치)에 미치는 영향관계를 세부적으로 규명하고 소비가치(기능적 가치, 사회적 가치, 감정적 가치)가 지속이용의도에 미치는 영향관계를 규명하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 항공기 이용객을 대상으로 친환경 항공사 경영활동과 소비가치에 대한 실증적 연구를 수행하였다. 분석결과, 항공사 친환경 경영활동은 소비가치에 긍정적인영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 소비가치는 지속이용의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본연구결과를 통하여 항공사 친환경 경영과 소비가치 간의 학술적, 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다. The aviation industry is continuously growing, and airlines are implementing eco-friendly management strategies in line with this growth. Meanwhile, consumers are becoming increasingly aware of global environmental issues and are placing more value on products and services from eco-friendly companies. Although research has been conducted on corporate environmental management and consumer value, there is a lack of research that has specifically identified consumer value perspectives on corporate environmental management targeting airline passengers. Therefore, this study applied the Theory of Consumption Value (TCV) to identify consumers' value perspectives on corporate eco-friendly management targeting airline passengers. The specific purpose of this study is to examine in detail the relationship between the environmentally friendly management activities of airlines (eco-friendly in-flight service, eco-friendly aircraft, eco-friendly social contribution) and consumption value (functional value, social value, emotional value) and the relationship between consumption value (functional value, social value, emotional value) and the intention to continue using the airline. To this end, we conducted an empirical study on eco-friendly airline management activities and consumption values, targeting airline passengers. As a result of the analysis, it was found that airline eco-friendly management activities have a positive effect on consumption values, and consumption values, in turn, have a positive effect on the intention to continue use. Through the results of this study, both academic and practical implications regarding the relationship between airline eco-friendly management and consumption value were presented.

항공기 이용객의 친환경 경영인식이 친환경 행동의도에 미치는 영향 : 규범활성화 모델(NAM)과 가치-태도-행동(VAB)모델 적용

김미영 한국호텔관광학회 2023 호텔관광연구 Vol.25 No.11

Many companies increasingly adopt eco-friendly management practices to gain a competitive edge and demonstrate their commitment to environmental sustainability to consumers. The aviation industry must balance corporate growth with environmental protection by reducing its significant environmental impact. Understanding consumers' eco-consciousness and behaviors is crucial for airlines to implement eco-friendly management practices effectively. Despite ongoing research on eco-friendly behavior for sustainable development, there is a notable gap in studies that intricately explore the formation of passengers' eco-friendly behavior. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating passengers' environmental awareness and proposing eco-friendly marketing strategies for airlines to promote environmentally responsible air travel. Utilizing the Norm Activation Model (NAM) and the Value-Attitude-Behavior (VAB) model, this study examines how the perception of an airline's eco-friendly management and the intention to engage in pro-environmental behavior influence airline users' intentions. The findings indicate that passengers' perceptions of eco-friendly management positively affect their ascribed responsibility, personal norms, and pro-environmental behavioral intentions. Moreover, these perceptions positively influence consumption values, attitudes, and pro-environmental behavioral intentions. A mediating effect analysis revealed that consumption value and attitude play more significant roles in the relationship between eco-friendly management perception and pro-environmental behavioral intention. The outcomes of this study offer valuable insights for airlines, providing practical implications for implementing eco-friendly management practices. These findings underscore the importance of aligning eco-friendly management with consumer perceptions and attitudes to foster sustainable environmental behavior in the aviation industry.

항공사의 친환경 경영활동이 기업신뢰 및 충성도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김은주(Eunjoo Kim) 대한관광경영학회 2023 관광연구 Vol.38 No.2

포스트코로나 이후 기후위기 상황과 맞물려 전세계적으로 기업의 지속가능경영에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 이와 맞물려 국제항공분야에서는 국제민간항공기구(ICAO)에 의해 기후 변화체계에 공동대응하기 위하여 CORSIA(국제항공탄소상쇄제도)를 개발하는 등 적극적인 움직임을 보이고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 국내항공사들도 발빠르게 대처하고자 다양한 대책들을 내놓고 있으며 이러한 활동들이 고객들의 항공사에 대한 기업신뢰 및 항공사를 지속적으로 이용하고자 하는 행동의도와 밀접한 연관성이 있는 충성도와의 관계를 알아보고자 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 항공사의 친환경 경영활동 관련 마케팅 전략계획을 수립하는데 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 2023년 1월 15일부터 총 14일간에 걸쳐 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 항공사의 친환경 경영활동 하위요인 중 친환경 기내서비스, 친환경 교육, 친환경 캠페인, 친환경 운항 모두 기업신뢰에 영향을 미치고 그 중 친환경 기내서비스가 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 충성도에 미치는 영향에 관한 결과에서는 친환경 운항을 제외한 모든 요인에 영향을 미치며 친환경 기내서비스가 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 항공사의 친환경 경영활동에 대한 긍정적인 인식으로 형성된 기업신뢰는 지속적인 구매행동의도로 확인될 수 있는 충성도에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. In line with the post-COVID-19 climate crisis, interest in corporate sustainability management is growing worldwide. In line with this, in the field of international aviation, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is showing active movements such as developing CORSIA (International Aviation Carbon Offset System) to jointly respond to the climate change system. In this situation, domestic airlines are also coming up with various countermeasures to respond quickly, and we want to find out the relationship between these activities and loyalty, which is closely related to the customer's corporate trust in the airline and the behavioral intention to continue using the airline. Therefore, in this study, a survey was conducted over a total of 14 days from January 15, 2023 to identify the factors that affect the establishment of marketing strategy plans related to eco-friendly management activities of airlines. Based on the results of this study, among the sub-factors of airlines' eco-friendly management activities, eco-friendly in-flight service, eco-friendly education, eco-friendly campaigns, and eco-friendly operation all affect corporate trust, and among them, it was found that eco-friendly in-flight service had the greatest impact, and it was found that In the results of the impact, it was confirmed that it affects all factors except for eco-friendly flight and has the greatest impact on eco-friendly in-flight service. In addition, it was confirmed that the corporate trust formed by the positive perception of the airline's eco-friendly management activities has an effect on the loyalty that can be confirmed by the continuous purchase intention.

2050 탄소중립 전략 이행을 위한 수송분야 정책 방향 연구

임형우,김용건,최형식,신동원,양유경,최영웅 한국환경연구원 2022 기본연구보고서 Vol.2022 No.-

Ⅰ. Introduction 1. Purpose of the study □ Transportation sector plays a significant role in establishing a climate and atmospheric policies ㅇ Transportation sector has high emission(pollution) reduction potential, which is a significant factor for the carbon neutrality - Transportation accounts for 16% of GHG emissions, and 29% of fine dust emissions. ㅇ It is also important to propose transport policies based on scientific analysis and evaluation in order to achieve the 2030 NDC and the 2050 Carbon Neutrality plan. □ The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic effect of 2050 Carbon Neutrality strategies and to propose adequate policies for the transportation sector ㅇ By constructing a general equilibrium model, we quantify the effect of the 2050 Carbon Neutrality strategies on economic-energy-environment ㅇ Based on the result, implications for climate and energy sectors are suggested 2. Scope of the study □ Integrating bottom-up transport model with top-down general equilibrium model to analyze the effect of carbon neutrality policies in the transportation sector ㅇ Building automobile stock model focusing on passenger automobiles owned by households ㅇ Analyzing the economic, energy, and environmental effect of Carbon Neutrality policies □ Reviewing the effects of major policy instruments and scenarios in the transportation sector regarding the net-zero plan ㅇ Carbon pricing scenario for direct carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion ㅇ Conversion to eco-friendly vehicles scenario, such as the prohibition of internal combustion vehicle sales and expansion of subsidies for electric vehicles(EV) purchase ㅇ Demand control scenario for reducing private car traffic and enhancing public transportation ㅇ Tax reform scenario for substituting current transport tax with the driving tax Ⅱ. Literature Review of Preliminary Studies and Related Transportation Plans 1. Key preliminary studies □ Development of a specialized model for the transportation sector ㅇ MIT(2019) - Analysis on the future environmental economic effect of the implementation of the Paris Agreement - This study reviews the effect of the Paris Agreement scenario and 2℃ Scenario Using the Mission Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) Model at MIT ㅇ Karplus et al.(2013) - Based on the MIT EPPA5 model, this study proposes a passenger transport demand forecast method that matches the physical accounting of vehicle stock, fuel use, and GHG emissions - This study analyzes the effect of improving efficiency and reducing gasoline use due to the development of alternative fuel technology ㅇ Waisman et al.(2013) - Improved the IMACLIM-R model by diversifying transportation modes and behavioral characteristics of mobility demand - Analysis of the macroeconomic effect through the low carbon policy scenario in the transportation sector ㅇ Kwon et al.(2018) - This study develops a vehicle selection model to forecast energy use and to analyze the policy effect in the transportation sector - This study estimates the vehicle age distribution function, vehicle registration number, and annual mileage function through the vehicle type selection model with a logit model □ Impact analysis of the transportation sector with Carbon Neutrality policies ㅇ Kang et al.(2014) - This study analyzes the policy effect of low carbon vehicle cooperation fund through an overlapping logit model - Estimation of CO₂ emission reduction and social benefit from the implementation of a low-carbon vehicle cooperation fund ㅇ Chae et al.(2018) - This study conducts a co-benefit analysis to analyze the policy effect of climate, atmosphere and energy sector - The study presents the reduction amounts of air pollutants, and GHG emissions and the benefits of environmental improvement from the implementation of key policies in the transportation sector ㅇ Park et al.(2021) - Review of automobile tax and subsidy reform plan for carbon neutrality in the road transportation sector - This study proposed a fuel tax reform focusing on eco-friendly vehicles 2. Key plans for the Carbon Neutrality in transport sector Ⅲ. Model and Database 1. Transportation sector input data □ Vehicle data ㅇ Due to a lack of vehicle stock data, this study concentrated on private (non-business) consumption vehicles among all passenger vehicles - This study estimates the proportion of non-business private passenger vehicles based on fuel cost data in the IO table - The CGE model is restricted to only the passenger vehicle in private (non-business) consumption ㅇ The number of vehicle registration data is collected from the monthly statistics of KAMA ㅇ Data on mileage, and fuel efficiency are from KOSIS and the Ministry of Transport ㅇ Calculation of tax and subsidy rates is based on actual tax revenue data □ Substitution elasticity between EV-ICEV ㅇ Due to the recent introduction of EVs in the automobile market, it is unable to estimate substitution elasticity through econometric technology ㅇ This study calculates substitution elasticity by applying Guo et al.(2021) method, with the monthly sales and price data for 42 months from 2017 to 2020 2. Vehicle type and vintage stock model □ Vintage stock model ㅇ This study classifies vehicle type into gasoline, diesel, and elctric vehicles, and use the following dynamic equation to model vehicle stock Vstock(k,t,v) = (SR(k,v)/SR(k,v-1)) × Vstock(k,t-1,v-1) (Where, Vstock(k,t,v): number of k type v vintage vehicles in year t, SR(k,v): The probability that a k type vehicle survives to vintage v (car vintage survival rate)) ㅇ VKT(Vehicle Kilometer Traveled) is related to vehicle stock by vintage as follows; VKTv(k,t,v) = AK(k,t,v) × Vstock(k,t,v) (Where, VKTv(k,t,v): Total mileage of k type, v vintage vehicles in year t, AK(k,t,v): Average mileage of k type, v vintage vehicle in year t) ㅇ Based on the above two equations, the total mileage of the k-type vehicle supplied in year t is as follows; - By calculating the mileage by vehicle type and vintage, this study estimates the stock change of used vehicles and the amount of transportation services through used vehicles VKT(k,t) = sum(v, VKTv(k,t,v)) □ Estimation of the survival rate ㅇ Estimation of survival function by fuel type using the following logistic function (Where, Z: whether the i vehicle registered in year m has been scrap at time t (1) or still remains (0), AG: vehicle age of i type at time t) ㅇ In general, (Where, VSR: survival rate at time t of the car first sold at time m, AG: age of a vehicle at time t which first sold at time m) ㅇ This study estimates the survival function for non-business vehicles, gasoline, diesel and EV using the registration data from 2017 to 2019 3. Domestic CGE model □ Model structure ㅇ This study constructs an integrated model that links the CGE model and the vehicle stock model to analyze the role of the transportation sector in the net-zero scenario - The model integrates a simplified model of the entire economic system, such as the CGE model, with a bottom-up vehicle stock model, which is a detailed technology selection model for a specific sector ㅇ The top-down CGE model can analyze the interactions of various economic sectors and the impact of short- and long-term economic and environmental changes and policies ㅇ The bottom-up transportation sector model is based on the methodology of Karplus et al. (2013) to derive the vehicle stock dynamics equation by new/used car and car age - This study uses the automobile survival function to derive the vehicle stock model for each fuel source according to the age of the vehicle - Construct a sector-specific factor for used private vehicle services to explain the behavior of used private vehicle services ㅇ In the integrated model, household consumption is divided into transportation services (TRN) and other non-transport goods and services (OCH), and transport services consist of public transportation (PUB) and private vehicles(CAR). Private cars consist of new (NCAR) and used (OCAR) cars, each separated by gasoline (CARG, CARG2), diesel (CARD, CARD2), and electric vehicles (CARE, CARE2) - For the new vehicle, the vehicle is a composite good of vehicle and fuel - For the used vehicle, it is a composite good of the fuel of the relevant vehicle type and the sector-specific factors of each vehicle type □ Input data ㅇ The IO extension table for 2019 (announced by the Bank of Korea) is used, and 381 product categories on the industry-related table are aggregated into 25 sectors - A new transportation I/O of Shin(2022), whose input structure of internal combustion vehicle and electric vehicle is separated, is used to analyze the linkage between the vehicle stock model by vehicle type ㅇ This study estimates carbon dioxide emissions from energy use by industry and type of input energy using energy balance statistics in the Energy Statistics Annual Report and IPCC emission factors ㅇ To calculate the emission of air pollutants in the transportation sector, this study uses CAPSS data to derive and apply emission coefficients by vehicle type and vehicle age Ⅳ. Scenarios and Results 1. Scenarios ㅇ Based on the national policy proposed for carbon neutrality in the transportation sector, this study considers eco-friendly vehicle conversion (banning sales of internal combustion vehicles, expanding EV purchase subsidies), demand management, and traffic tax reform as its main strategies 2. Results □ Economic sector ㅇ Scenarios that assumes 2050 net-zero plan have slightly lower economic growth rates compared to the BAU scenario ㅇ Carbon pricing is determined at the $175~188 level around 2050 - Low price increase to $2~3 per year by 2040. After 2040, the price increase has soared to $10~20 per year - In other words, the increase in carbon prices is moderate until the level of 45% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions ㅇ Policy measures for carbon neutrality in the transportation sector show different effect on industries - The EV subsidy policy expands the production of internal combustion vehicles and electric vehicles, while the ban on internal combustion vehicles expands the production of electric vehicles instead of shrinking the production of internal combustion vehicles ㅇ Demand management scenario expands public transportation instead of slowing down internal combustion vehicle and electric vehicle manufacturing ㅇ The demand for non-transport services increases due to an increase in the tax rate for overall transportation services when the transportation tax is reorganized □ Financial sector ㅇ The shift to eco-friendly vehicles will be accelerated due to rising carbon prices along the Carbon Neutrality Scenario, which will lead to a sharp drop in fuel taxes currently levied on fossil fuels - Under the CPrice scenario, transportation tax revenues will be reduced to 58% of taxes in 2019 around 2050 - The economy will be short of 63% to 88% of transportation tax requirements around 2050 - Considering the additional carbon tax, about 600 billion won is insufficient compared to the fuel tax requirement in 2050 ㅇ When the driving tax is imposed to meet the proportion of fuel tax in 2019, the driving tax rate soared to 44% of the fuel price around 2050 □ Transportation sector ㅇ 84% of new vehicles and 72% of registered private vehicles are expected to be replaced by electric vehicles by 2050 under the CPrice scenario - However, this does not meet the target of the 2050 Carbon Neutrality Scenario (97% in scenario A and 85% in scenario B) ㅇ 91% of private car registrations in 2050 are replaced by electric vehicles in the NoICE scenario ㅇ The effect of banning internal combustion vehicles varies depending on the time of prohibition. If the sales prohibition delays to 2050, the proportion of electric vehicles among the registered units will fall to 77% □ Environmental sector ㅇ Common effects of reducing air pollutants exist in BAU and other scenarios ㅇ Additional air pollutant emissions reductions of 20% and 67% are present in demand management scenarios (Dctrl) and internal combustion vehicle sales prohibition scenarios (NoICE), respectively ㅇ The reduction rate of NOx emissions is the highest among pollutants ㅇ 25 billion to 420 billion won of air pollutant damage reduction effect exists compared to BAU by 2050 □ Sensitivity analysis ㅇ The substitution elasticity between vehicle types has a major impact on the results of vehicle selection and the resulting environmental impact - When the alternative elasticity is low, the proportion of electric vehicles around 2050 is only 22% - On the other hand, if the substitution elasticity is high, the proportion of electric vehicles reaches 82% around 2040 ㅇ Substitution elasticity also has a significant effect on the effect of prohibiting the sale of internal combustion vehicles - Even if the substitution elasticity is low, the proportion of electric vehicles will increase to 81% around 2050. However, if the prohibition of internal combustion vehicles is delayed to 2045, the proportion of electric vehicles will be only 61% in 2050. - In the case of high substitution elasticity, the effect on the eco-friendly vehicles is not significant regardless of the prohibition of internal combustion vehicles sales. 99% of vehicles will be converted to electric vehicles by 2050 regardless of sales ban Ⅴ. Policy Implications □ The conversion of eco-friendly vehicles at the carbon-neutral target level needs to be considered in addition to the overall greenhouse gas reduction policy, as well as strong policy measures specialized in the transport sector ㅇ In the case of a carbon price scenario (CPrice), there is an effect on the conversion to an electric vehicle, but the target level of the carbon neutral scenario can not be reached ㅇ Internal combustion vehicle sales ban scenario (NoICE) shows a significant effect on the conversion of eco-friendly vehicles - However, considering the average life expectancy of vehicles and the survival rate by car age, the ban needs at least 10 years to fully replace internal combustion vehicles □ The conversion of eco-friendly vehicles is sensitive to the substitution elasticity between vehicles. Hence, policies to induce substitution between internal combustion vehicles and electric vehicles can be very effective ㅇ Depending on the difference in substitution elasticity, in some scenarios, the goal in the Carbon Neutrality Scenario can be reached without the prohibition of internal combustion vehicles (CPSen2), and in some cases, it is difficult to reach the goal even with the prohibition of sales (CPSen1) ㅇ Policies should be implemented to enhance substitution elasticity, such as an expansion of charging facilities for electric vehicles and incentives for the operation of eco-friendly vehicles □ In the process of carbon neutrality in the transportation sector, the problem of insufficient transportation tax revenue is expected to intensify, and a new form of transportation tax reform is essential ㅇ The transportation tax currently imposed in the form of an oil tax is expected to drop sharply, which cannot be covered by the carbon tax revenue ㅇ In order to stabilize the transportation sector, it is necessary to reorganize the transportation tax system to include electric vehicles - This study applied the most simplified form of driving tax. However, it shows that driving tax can be a useful measure to secure tax revenue without hindering the supply of eco-friendly vehicles □ The exogenous demand management policy for private vehicle traffic is an effective instrument for reducing greenhouse gases in the transportation sector, but it may cause a large economic effect ㅇ The car manufacturing industry has a strong linkage with other industries. If demand management is forced exogenously, it can affect various industries in the economy such as oil refining, non-metal, primary metal manufacturing, and service industries as well as automobile manufacturing, which can have a significant impact on the overall economy ㅇ Hence, it is important to do so voluntarily and in a bottom-up manner by improving the preference for public transportation □ Air pollutant emissions in the transportation sector are declining, but demand management and eco-friendly vehicle conversion policies can reduce air pollution damage by reducing emissions earlier ㅇ Policy scenarios for carbon neutrality can also contribute to reducing air pollution damage by making the reduction earlier □ Since the carbon price for greenhouse gas reduction increases exponentially as the reduction intensifies, preemptive technology development and investment to lower marginal reduction costs are important ㅇ Until the 45% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, the increase in carbon prices is low at $2 to $3/tCO₂ per year, but from the time it exceeds 45%, it soars to $10 to $20/tCO₂ per year ㅇ Technology investment and support that can lower marginal costs are important for medium- to long-term greenhouse gas reduction