미세먼지의 유해환경

김미경(Mi-Kyung Kim) 한국환경관리학회 2019 環境管理學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

대기 중의 먼지는 여러 가지 질병으로 인한 조기 사망률을 높인다는 것이 널리 알려진 사실이다. 현대인들은 90% 이상의 시간을 실내에서 보내며, 실내의 먼지는 대기의 먼지농도, 구성 성분에서 크게 다를 수가 있다. 대기먼지 농도 대비 실내공기 먼지농도의 비율은 대기 중의 초미세먼지가 미세먼지보다 실내 침투율이 높으며, 50% 이상이 초미세먼지의 실내 먼지농도가 대기 중의 농도보다 높다는 사실을 보고하고 있다. 실내공기 중에 부유하는 먼지는 실외에서 여러 경로를 통해 유입될 수 있지만, 실내 공기 중의 가스 상태의 휘발성 유기화합물을 먼지로 변환시킴으로써 실내에서 스스로 생성되기도 한다. 실내에는 많은 다른 먼지 오염원이 존재한다. 유해환경으로서의 미세먼지에 대한 교육의 필요성도 절실하다. 현재 우리가 마주하고 있는 미세먼지의 근원적 해결방법과 건강을 위협하는 미세먼지에 대한 정확한 지식과 정보가 필요하다. It is widely known that atmospheric dust increases the early mortality rate due to various diseases. Modern people spend more than 90 percent of their time indoors, and indoor dust can be very different from the dust concentration and composition of the atmosphere. The ratio of indoor air dust concentration to atmospheric dust concentration is higher than that of fine dust in the atmosphere, and more than 50% of indoor dust concentration in ultrafine dust is higher than that of the atmosphere. Floating dust in indoor air can be introduced through various channels from the outdoors, but it can be generated indoors by converting volatile organic compounds in the gas state in the indoor air into dust. There are many other dust sources in the room. The necessity of education on fine dust as harmful environment is also urgent. We need accurate knowledge and information about the fundamental solution of fine dust that we are facing and fine dust that threatens health.

Impact of a Dust Storm on Characteristics of Particle Matter (PM) in Guangzhou, China

Qi Fan,Chong Shen,Xuemei Wang,Yuan Li,Wei Huang,Guixiong Liang,Shaoyi Wang,Zhuoer Huang 한국기상학회 2013 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.49 No.1

A strong dust-storm (23-25 April, 2009) occurred in the provinces of Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Shanxi, North China. Cities along the storm path (from north to south: Xi’ning, Lanzhou,Chengdu, Changsha, and Guangzhou) all experienced a sharp increase in particle matter (PM10) concentration. This is the first case that an Asian dust storm hit Guangzhou in Southern China. The impacts of dust storm on the characteristics of PM were investigated using samples collected in Guangzhou during 27-29 April, 2009. In addition, the mass concentration and chemical composition during a normal non-dust period (12-14 May, 2009) were compared with those in dust period. The results show that the concentration of PM10during the dust episode (0.231 mg m−3) was twice higher than that in the non-dust episode (0.103 mg m−3). Chemical analysis showed that concentrations of metal elements, enrichment factors of metal elements, and soluble ions during the dust episode were very different from those of non-dust. The total concentration of metal elements content in PM10 was 53.5 μg m−3 in the dust episode, which is about two times higher than that in non-dust episode (28.5 μgm−3). Increases in concentrations of Na, Ti, Zn, Cu, and Cr ranged from zero to 100% during the dust episode. However, the enrichment factors in non-dust episode were higher than that in dust-storm period,indicating that the above five chemicals originated mainly from local sources in Guangzhou. The concentrations of K, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, V,and Co increased by over 100% in the dust episode, indicating their origins of remote sources. In the dust period, some water-soluble ions increased in PM10, but the main components in PM10 were SO42−,NO3− and NH4+. At last, we assessed the sources of dusts by analyzing synoptic situation and back trajectories of air mass in Guangzhou, and demonstrated that the main source of the dust storm was from Mongolia.

A Simulation of Asian Dust Events Observed from 20 to 29 December 2009 in Korea by Using ADAM2

박순웅,최안나,박문수 한국기상학회 2013 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.49 No.1

The Asian dust Aerosol Model 2 (ADAM2) with the MM5meteorological model has been employed to study long-range transport process of Asian dust and to estimate dust emission, deposition (wet and dry) and concentration over the Asian dust source region and the downwind regions for dust events observed in Korea during the period of 20-29 December 2009, which is one of the dust events chosen by the 3rd Meeting of Working Group for Joint Research on Dust Sand Storm among Mongolia, China, Japan and Korea to study intensively for the development of an early warning system in Asia. It is found that the model simulates quite well the starting and ending times of dust events and the peak dust concentrations with their occurrence times both in the source region and downwind regions. The dust emission in the dust source region is found to be associated with a developing synoptic weather system accompanied with strong surface winds over the source region that usually travels east to southeastward across the source region and then turns to move northeastward toward the north western Pacific Ocean. The dust emitted in the source region is found to be split into two parts: one is transported southeastward to the East China Sea in front of the surface high pressure system and experiencing enhanced deposition due to the sinking motion induced by the southeastward traveling the surface high pressure system whereas, the other moves northeastward toward the surface low pressure system and then lifted upward to form a upper-level high dust concentration layer that results in a favorable condition for the long-range transport of dust. It is also found that the maximum ten-day total dust emission of about 23 t km−2 occurs in the domain Northwestern China (NWC). However, the maximum ten-day total dust deposition of 21 t km−2 with the maximum mean surface concentration of 555 μg m−3 and the column integrated mean concentration of 2.9 g m−2 occurs in the domain Central-northern China (CNC). The column-integrated PM10 concentration is found to increase toward northeastward especially in the domain North northeastern China (NNEC) due to the upper-level transported high PM10 concentration. The ten-day total dust deposition, mean surface PM10 and column integrated PM10 concentrations in the downwind domains are found to decrease away from the source region from 2.44 t km−2,112 μg m−3 and 1.68 g m−2, respectively in the domain YES to 0.06 t km−2, 2.1 μg m−3 and 0.4 g m−2, respectively in the domain Northwestern Pacific 1 (NWP1). Much of the total dust deposition is largely contributed by wet deposition in the far downwind region of the seas while that is contributed by dry deposition in the source region.

미세먼지 환경교육 프로그램이 초등학생의 미세먼지에 대한 지식 · 인식과 태도에 미치는 영향

안선영(Seon-Young An),이성희(Sung-Hee Lee),소금현(Keum-Hyun So) 한국환경교육학회 2020 環境 敎育 Vol.33 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 미세먼지 환경교육 프로그램이 초등학생의 미세먼지에 대한 지식 · 인식과 태도에 미치는 영향을 검증하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 B광역시의 초등학교 4학년 학생 24명을 대상으로 미세먼지에 관한 환경교육 프로그램을 적용하고, 미세먼지에 대한 지식 · 인식과 태도의 변화에 관한 사전 · 사후 설문조사 결과를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미세먼지 환경교육 프로그램은 초등학생들의 미세먼지 지식 · 인식 향상에 효과적이었다. 본 프로그램을 적용하기 전에 비해 적용한 후 학생들은 미세먼지의 개념, 미세먼지에의 대처법, 미세먼지가 미치는 영향을 정확하게 이해하였으며, 미세먼지에 대한 전반적인 지식을 얻었다. 둘째, 미세먼지 환경교육 프로그램은 초등학생들의 미세먼지에 대한 태도 함양에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 본 프로그램을 적용하기 전과 비교하여 프로그램을 적용한 후 미세먼지에 대한 관심이 늘어났으며, 일상생활에서 미세먼지에 대처하고자 하는 실천을 증진하고, 미세먼지 발생을 줄이기 위한 행동의지를 다지는 등의 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 미세먼지 환경교육 프로그램은 초등학생의 환경에 대한 인식변화에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 학생과의 면담을 분석한 결과, 프로그램을 처치한 후에 미세먼지뿐만 아니라, 다른 환경오염에도 관심이 생겼으며, 일상생활에서 환경보호를 위한 실천을 꾸준히 이어나가는 효과가 있었다. The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of environmental education program on fine dust on elementary school students knowledge, perception and attitude of the fine dust. The method of this study was to apply the environmental education program on fine dust to 24 students in the fourth grade of elementary school in Busan and to analyze the results of the pre- and post-survey on the change of knowledge, perception and attitude about fine dust. The results of this study are as follows. First, the environmental education program on fine dust is effective in improving elementary school students knowledge and perception of fine dust. After applying this program, students understood the concept of fine dust, how to deal with fine dust, and the effect of fine dust accurately, and gained overall knowledge about fine dust. Second, environmental education programs on fine dust have a positive effect on elementary school students attitude toward fine dust. Interest in fine dust increased after applying the program compared to before applying this program, and it was found to have positive effects such as promoting practice to cope with fine dust in everyday life, and strengthening the will of action to reduce the occurrence of fine dust. Third, the environmental education program on fine dust has a positive effect on the change of elementary school students perception of the environment. As a result of analyzing the interview with the students, after the program was processed, they were interested in not only fine dust but also other environmental pollution, and it was effective to continue the practice for environmental protection in everyday life.

강제환기식 자돈사 작업 종사자의 호흡기 관련 공기 중 분진 농도 측정 및 분석

권경석 ( Kyeong-seok Kwon ),이인복 ( In-bok Lee ) 한국농공학회 2013 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2013 No.-

As the amount of meat consumption has been increased, mechanically ventilated pig house has been popularized. However, the negative social recognition of the livestock farm has been continuously pervaded because of the odor and poor working condition. Among the various problem in the livestock house, dust can cause the chronic or acute respiratory symptom of farm workers and bring about the infection and dispersion of contagious livestock disease and communicable disease. Therefore, control of the air quality through the proper strategy for dust reduction is very important. In this paper, as a first step of noted issue, the periodic monitoring of aerial dust (TSP, PM₁₀, Inhalable and Respiralbe dust) was conducted in the mechanically ventilated pig house and statistical approach also carried out to understand the mechanism of the dust generation. To induce the independent variables, thermal environment of pig house was steadily recorded and actual ventilation rate was measured according to the output stage. In addition, the relative level of pig activity was evaluated through the image analysis and real-time measurement of aerial dust. From the periodic experiment, it was observed the concentration of the each dust frequently exceeded the recommendation level considering the pulmonary function of farm workers when level of pig activity was high and during the feeding periods. The measured concentration of the inhalable dust showed inverse-linear relationship with the installation height of feed pipe near the feeder (R²=0.96), implying that it can be possible to control the dust dispersion near the feeder through adjusting the feed pipe. From the multiple regression analysis, regression equation of TSP derived and R² was 0.87. Similarly, multiple regression analysis of PM10 (R²=0.90), inhalable dust (R²=0.83) and respirable dust (R²=0.86) were conducted. The derived regression equations will be applied to the boundary condition of CFD model for simulating the dust dispersion inside the pig house.

진주시내의 토양 및 침착먼지중 중금속 오염 조사연구

김형갑,이춘식,전기일 진주산업대학교 1998 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.5

This study was carried out analysis of heavy metal contamination on topsoil and deposited dust in the Chin-Ju city. The analysis results were summarized as follows: 1.Lead of contamination analysied of deposited dust and topsoil in the Chin-Ju city of downtown:1.83-1.89㎎Pb/㎏ dep. dust, industrial area : 1.28-1.79㎎Pb/㎏ dep. dust,APT aera: 0.37-1.87㎎Pb/㎏ dep. dust, house area : 1.70-1.88㎎Pb/㎏ dep.dust,park aera : 0.48-1.79㎎Pb/㎏ dep. dust and corn aera : 0.33-1.89㎎Pb/㎏ top soil. 2.Cadmium of contamination analysied of deposited dust and toposoil in the Chin-Ju city of downtown: 0.30-0.41㎎Pb/㎏ dep. dust, industrial area : 0.15-0.36㎎Pb/㎏ dep. dust, APT aera : 0.21-0.38㎎Pb/㎏ dep. dust, house aera :0.10-0.26㎎Pb/㎏ dep. dust, park aera : 0.04-0.3㎎Pb/㎏ edp. dust and corn aera : 0.06-0.26㎎Pb/㎏ top soil. 3.Copper of contamination analusied of deposited dust and topsoil in the Chin-Ju city of downtown 1.28-1.83㎎Pb/㎏ dep. dust, industrial area : 1.72-1.97㎎Pb/㎏ dep. dust, APT aera : 1.79-1.94㎎Pb/㎏ dep. dust. House aera : 0.98-2.67㎎Pb/㎏ dep. dust, park aera : 1.369-2.03㎎Pb/㎏ dep. dust and corr aera 1.35-2.12㎎Pb/㎏ top soil.

미세먼지 저감을 위한 신환경산업기술 발달에 따른 환경법제의 입법기준과 개선방안

이상만 부산대학교 법학연구소 2022 법학연구 Vol.63 No.2

As the years went by, the Korean Peninsula was covered with air pollutants such as fine dust. Thus, the number of days available for seeing the clear sky has decreased strikingly. Especially, because the West Sea region is even more severe in its degree, the people's demand for a measure to reduce fine dust is growing. The reason why the people complain with paying close attention to fine dust is because of the danger of fine dust. In particular, there is even a research result as saying that the risk of fine dust affects not only physical health but also mental health, leading to a rise in depression and suicide rate. As such information is shared among the public, the government is being urged to come up with countermeasures. Accordingly, the government continued to establish and execute various policies domestically and internationally, but is failing to make a fundamental solution. This study analyzes major causes and components of fine dust in the Korean Peninsula zone in order to seek a solution to curtail fine dust that people can feel. Also, the aim is to consider the present status and problems about the current legislation pertinent to the fine dust regulation to cut fine dust and about the legislation relevant to supporting and promoting new environmental industrial technology based on the necessity of propping up and fostering new environmental industrial technology to diminish fine dust. Particularly, in terms of the current legislation pertinent to the fine dust regulation, the legislative standards and the improvement plans for each law are tried to be sought by eliciting the problems based on the legislative system and the problems about each individual law focusing on 「Air Quality Conservation Act」, 「Special Act on Air Quality Improvement in Atmospheric Management Area」, 「Special Act on Fine Dust Reduction and Management」. In this process, the relevant legal systems of the European Union, Japan, and China are reviewed at the same time. Moreover, reducing fine dust is difficult to achieve its substantial effect unless it is linked to the development in environmental industrial technology. It recognizes the need to support and promote this environmental industrial technology, examines the problems about 「Environmental Technology and Environmental Industry Support Act」, which is the related legislation to develop new environmental industrial technology aiming to reduce fine dust, and tries to find legislative standards and its improvement measures for the Act on Support and Promotion. Furthermore, the legislation of various policy means are also aimed to be stressed such as tax benefits for industries to foster new environmental industrial technologies in order to decrease fine dust.

EAF dust가 첨가된 결정화 유리의 물리적 특성

강승구,Kang, Seung-Gu 한국결정성장학회 2008 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.18 No.6

$Fe_2O_3$, ZnO 등이 주성분인 EAF dust를 $30{\sim}70\;wt%$ 첨가한 규산염계 유리 및 결정화유리를 제조하고, 시편내부에 생성된 상 및 미세구조와 물리적 특성과의 관계를 고찰하였다. 또한 제조된 유리와 결정화유리의 결정화 거동을 상분석 및 미세구조 관찰을 통하여 분석하였다. EAF dust가 30 wt% 첨가된 용융체의 경우 전형적인 비정질 XRD 패턴을 나타냈으며, 그 이상 첨가된 용융체에는 미용해 된 결정상이 일부 존재하였다. 모든 결정화유리에서는 franklinite, willemite 그리고 augite 결정상이 형성되었다. 결정화유리의 비중은 같은 조성의 유리에 비하여 높았고, EAF dust 함량에 따라 함께 증가하였다. 또한 결정화 유리의 열적 및 기계적 특성이 유리보다 우수하게 나타났다. 즉 유리는 EAF dust 첨가량과 함께 열팽창 계수가 증가하였으나 결정화유리에서는 반대로 감소하였다. 또한 EAF dust 첨가량에 따라 비커스 경도는 유리 및 결정화유리 모두 증가되었으며 같은 조성에서 결정화 유리의 경도값이 항상 더 높게 나타났다. The glass and glass-ceramics containing EAF dust $30{\sim}70\;wt%$ were fabricated and the dependance of physical properties upon crystal phases and microstructure formed was studied. The crystallization behavior of glass and glass-ceramics containing various contents of EAF dust composing of mainly $Fe_2O_3$ and ZnO was analyzed by crystal identification and microstructure observation. The glass specimen with EAF dust 30 wt% showed a typical amorphous pattern in XRD results and the specimen with above 30 wt% EAF dust had some un-dissolved crystals which was originated from EAF dust. The all glass-ceramics had franklinite, willemite and augite crystal phases. The density of glass-ceramics was higher than that of same composition glass, and it increased with EAF dust contents. In addition, the thermal and mechanical properties of glass-ceramics were always higher than those of glasses. In other words, the thermal expansion coefficient of glass increased with EAF dust contents while it decreased for the glass-ceramics. The vickers hardness for the glass and glass-ceramics increased with EAF dust content, the glass-ceramics always being higher those of glass of same composition.

미세먼지 위험인식, 미세먼지 불안민감성, 정신건강 및 삶의 질에 관한 연구

이난(Lee, Nan),황명랑(Hwang, Myungrang) 한국문화융합학회 2021 문화와 융합 Vol.43 No.5

This study aimedto clarify the relationship between fine dust risk perception, fine dust anxiety sensitivity, mental health, and quality of life according to environmental changes caused by fine dust. Itwas conducted to provide basic data for fine dust regulation, policy preparation, and implementation to ensurea healthy quality of life for humans. To this end, 566 Vietnamese university students inKorea and China were includedto measure the risk of fine dust, fine dust anxiety, mental health, and quality of life. The SPSS 25.0 and Amos 25.0 programs were used to analyze basic statistics, correlation analysis, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. The results showed that the risk perception of fine dust did consider the path to mental health and quality of life, but the anxiety sensitivity to fine dust was significant regardingthe path to mental health and quality of life. An individual cannot absolutely block the effects of fine dust. Therefore, the national and local governments should approach this issue with interest to improve mental health signals and the quality of life of the people affectedby fine dust. The relationships between fine dust risk perception, fine dust anxiety sensitivity, mental health, and quality of life can be viewed as issues that must be approached globally, regardless of national classification.

Improved Dust Detection over East Asia Using Geostationary Satellite Data

신유림,손은하,박기홍,류근혁,이수봉,이선용,박나연 한국기상학회 2021 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.57 No.4

This paper presents an improved algorithm, based on the D*-parameter, for dust detection over the East Asian region using brightness temperature differences (BTDs) between the infrared channels of the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) onboard Himawari-8. The developed algorithm defines a dust index in the form of the ratio of BTDs: BTD between the 10.4 μm and 12.4 μmchannels (BTD10.4–12.4) to that between the 8.6 μmand 10.4 μmchannels (BTD8.6–10.4). To identify dustwith this index, threshold values were determined empirically. A masking technique using the BTD8.6–10.4 was utilized in the dust index to mitigate the problem of detecting clear-sky deserts and fog over the ocean as dust. BTD8.6–10.4 was analyzed for dust, clear-sky desert, and fog over the ocean cases during 2017 and 2018 with this method. Fog over the ocean and clear-sky desert were distinguished by the criteria of BTD8.6–10.4 > −1.1 K and BTD8.6–10.4 > −1 K, respectively. Based on these thresholds, the influence of fog over the ocean and clear-sky desert was filtered out. The results showed that the dust area was qualitatively consistent with RGB images and ground observation data. Comparison with the AERONET aerosol optical depth (AOD) demonstrated that the D*-parameter was exponentially proportional to AOD, and the correlation coefficient between them was approximately 0.6. The improved Asian Dust detection algorithm can be applied to the monitoring of dust dispersion and movement and also serve as a quantitative indicator of Asian Dust. This paper presents an improved algorithm, based on the D*-parameter, for dust detection over the East Asian region using brightness temperature differences (BTDs) between the infrared channels of the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) onboard Himawari-8. The developed algorithm defines a dust index in the form of the ratio of BTDs: BTD between the 10.4 μm and 12.4 μm channels (BTD 10.4–12.4 ) to that between the 8.6 μm and 10.4 μm channels (BTD 8.6–10.4 ). To identify dust with this index, threshold values were determined empirically. A masking technique using the BTD 8.6–10.4 was utilized in the dust index to mitigate the problem of detecting clear-sky deserts and fog over the ocean as dust. BTD 8.6–10.4 was analyzed for dust, clear-sky desert, and fog over the ocean cases during 2017 and 2018 with this method. Fog over the ocean and clear-sky desert were distinguished by the criteria of BTD 8.6–10.4  > −1.1 K and BTD 8.6–10.4  > −1 K, respectively. Based on these thresholds, the influence of fog over the ocean and clear-sky desert was filtered out. The results showed that the dust area was qualitatively consistent with RGB images and ground observation data. Comparison with the AERONET aerosol optical depth (AOD) demonstrated that the D*-parameter was exponentially proportional to AOD, and the correlation coefficient between them was approximately 0.6. The improved Asian Dust detection algorithm can be applied to the monitoring of dust dispersion and movement and also serve as a quantitative indicator of Asian Dust.