Biblical Paradigms of Christian Conversion: Encounter and Process Conversion

남성혁 장로회신학대학교 세계선교연구원 2019 선교와 신학 Vol.48 No.-

The dominant case used in the Christian community to discuss an understanding of conversion is the case of Paul's. Rather than pondering the diversity of conversion appearing in the Bible, the dramatic and immediate Pauline conversion has the greatest influence on Christians' understanding of conversion. The study of conversion in human science can not fully explain Christian conversion in that it is both a mystical event and beyond our understanding. Therefore, this study seeks to explore models of biblical conversion. What scholars have in common is that while conversion is an instantaneous event as in the case of Paul, it was a process for the majority of Jesus' disciples. After all, the conversion should not be explained by only one model, and in the Bible, there is an instant event as well as process conversion. In the meantime, churches have had just no immediate conversion based on the case of Paul's Damascus Road experience, which has had much influence in determining evangelistic and pastoral activities. Richard Peace's study suggests that biblical conversion should be illuminated not only in the case of Paul but rather in the case of the Twelve. Because the Twelve's conversion, as a process, provides a new understanding of the church's evangelical activities. The study finds that actual church evangelism is dominated by an understanding of instantaneous conversion. Furthermore, through the forgotten piece of process conversion, we can build up relationships with the unchurched and the dechurched and remove the misunderstanding of Christian evangelical activities that have been regarded as judgmental and coercive. It also makes people realize that conversion, which used to be regarded as individual realm, extends the community's territory, and which were constrained by activities only for outsiders in the church, is further connected with the church's inner circle for continuing discipleship. In conclusion, the process conversion allows churches to overcome the limitations of their preaching activities with the understanding of the event conversion and helps restore the balance of biblical conversion to contribute to the expansion of the kingdom of God.

Biblical Paradigms of Christian Conversion: Encounter and Process Conversion

Sung Hyuk Nam(남성혁) 장로회신학대학교 세계선교연구원 2019 선교와 신학 Vol.48 No.-

기독교회에서 회심에 대한 이해를 논할 때 지배적으로 사용되는 사례는 바울의 회심 사건이다. 성경에 등장하는 회심의 다양성에 대해 숙고보다는, 극적이고 즉각적인 바울의 즉각회심이 기독교인들의 회심에 대한 이해에 가장 큰 영향력을 끼치고 있다. 인문과학에서의 회심에 관한 연구는 종교에서의 회심이 신비적 사건인 동시에 우리의 이해를 넘어 발생한다는 점에서 기독교 회심을 충분히 설명할 수 없다. 그러므로, 본 연구는 성경에 등장하는 회심에 대해 모델들을 탐색하고자 한다. 회심에 관한 학자들의 연구 공통점은 회심이 바울의 경우처럼 일회성이기도 하지만 대다수 예수의 제자들에게 있어서는 과정이었다는 점이다. 결국, 회심은 한 가지 모델로만 설명해서는 안 되며, 성경에는 즉각회심과 더불어 과정회심이 등장한다. 그 동안 교회들은 바울의 다메섹 회심의 사건을 근거로 즉각회심이 거의 유일한 이해였으며, 이는 교회의 전도와 목회 활동을 결정하는 데 많은 영향을 주었다. 리처드 피스(Richard Peace)의 연구를 통하여, 성경적 회심이 바울의 경우뿐 아니라 오히려 열두제자의 사례를 통하여 조명해야 함을 주장한다. 왜냐하면, 열두제자의 회심은 과정으로서 회심을 이해함으로 교회의 전도 활동에 새로운 이해를 공급하기 때문이다. 이 연구를 통해 실제 교회의 전도 활동이 회심에 대한 이해에 따라 지배를 받고 있음을 발견하게 된다. 더 나아가 잊혔던 과정회심을 통하여 불신자들과의 관계를 형성하고, 그동안 정죄의 종교로 비추어졌던 기독교의 전도 활동의 오해를 해소할 수 있다. 또한, 개인의 영역으로 치부하던 회심이 공동체의 영역이 확장되며, 교회 외부인들을 위한 활동으로 제약되던 회심과 전도가 더 나아가 교회 내부인과 제자도와 깊은 연관성이 있음을 깨닫게 한다. 결론적으로 과정회심은 교회들이 사로잡혀 있던 즉각회심을 통한 전도 활동의 한계를 극복하게 해주며, 성경적 회심의 균형을 회복하여 하나님 나라 확장에 이바지하게 도와준다. The dominant case used in the Christian community to discuss an understanding of conversion is the case of Paul’s. Rather than pondering the diversity of conversion appearing in the Bible, the dramatic and immediate Pauline conversion has the greatest influence on Christians’ understanding of conversion. The study of conversion in human science can not fully explain Christian conversion in that it is both a mystical event and beyond our understanding. Therefore, this study seeks to explore models of biblical conversion. What scholars have in common is that while conversion is an instantaneous event as in the case of Paul, it was a process for the majority of Jesus’ disciples. After all, the conversion should not be explained by only one model, and in the Bible, there is an instant event as well as process conversion. In the meantime, churches have had just no immediate conversion based on the case of Paul’s Damascus Road experience, which has had much influence in determining evangelistic and pastoral activities. Richard Peace’s study suggests that biblical conversion should be illuminated not only in the case of Paul but rather in the case of the Twelve. Because the Twelve’s conversion, as a process, provides a new understanding of the church’s evangelical activities. The study finds that actual church evangelism is dominated by an understanding of instantaneous conversion. Furthermore, through the forgotten piece of process conversion, we can build up relationships with the unchurched and the dechurched and remove the misunderstanding of Christian evangelical activities that have been regarded as judgmental and coercive. It also makes people realize that conversion, which used to be regarded as individual realm, extends the community’s territory, and which were constrained by activities only for outsiders in the church, is further connected with the church’s inner circle for continuing discipleship. In conclusion, the process conversion allows churches to overcome the limitations of their preaching activities with the understanding of the event conversion and helps restore the balance of biblical conversion to contribute to the expansion of the kingdom of God.

A methodological framework for the development of feasible CO₂ conversion processes

Roh, Kosan,Lee, Jay H.,Gani, Rafiqul Elsevier 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL Vol.47 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Converting captured CO<SUB>2</SUB> feedstock into valuable chemical products is viewed as one of the potential ways to reduce atmospheric CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission. To this end, a methodological framework is suggested to support the development of feasible CO<SUB>2</SUB> conversion processes that can contribute to the CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction by replacing non-CO<SUB>2</SUB> utilizing processes or non CO<SUB>2</SUB>-based products. The framework encompasses several execution and decision steps and uses three main criteria, which are the demand availability, CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction feasibility, and economic feasibility. As an illustrative example, a methanol plant employing combined reforming (CR) of methane reaction is developed. To supply the CO<SUB>2</SUB> feedstock, the aMDEA-based CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture applied to a SMR-based H<SUB>2</SUB> plant is considered. A baseline process is developed and is compared with a non-CO<SUB>2</SUB> utilizing conventional methanol plant (process substitution) and a gasoline production process (product substitution) in terms of the established criteria. For the former, it is verified that the methanol production via combined reforming leads to cheaper unit production cost as well as lower net CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission compared to the conventional methanol plant. For the latter, it is shown that the feasibility of the CO<SUB>2</SUB>-based methanol as an alternative fuel to gasoline highly depends on the type and price of the raw materials. To improve the developed baseline CO<SUB>2</SUB> conversion process further, (1) some of the combined reforming reaction related design variables are fine-tuned using a sensitivity analysis and an equilibrated syngas plot, and (2) utilization of various renewable energy resources for the internal electricity demand is examined.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A methodological framework for feasible CO<SUB>2</SUB> conversion process development. </LI> <LI> Replacement of a conventional methanol plant by the CO<SUB>2</SUB> conversion process. </LI> <LI> Replacement of gasoline by the CO<SUB>2</SUB>-based methanol. </LI> <LI> Reduction of net CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission of the developed process through a graphical approach. </LI> <LI> Utilization of various renewable energy resources for internal electricity demand. </LI> </UL> </P>

진정한 회심에 관한 고찰

김도일 한국기독교교육정보학회 2023 기독교교육정보 Vol.- No.76

In Korea, about 1/4 of the population declares their religion as Christianity, and there are many people with the religious identity of being Christians, but about 23% of them are called CANAAN Believers who do not attend church. So called “Believing without Belonging“ has become one of the trends in Korean Church. Social trust of the church has recently dropped to around 18%. After the introduction of Christianity at the end of the 19th century, the church was regarded as the cradle of the so-called theology embracing the spirit of freedom and equality, and there was a time when it was trusted by the public as a resistance against Japanese oppression. Until the middle of the 20th century, the church was recognized as a religion beneficial to society and a religion that opened eyes, and people overflowed the church hall through brief evangelism when the door was opened. However, as the threshold of the church was lowered and many conversion cases occurred, conversion became a light process like a kind of rite of passage. This study began with a reasonable suspicion that there are more and more nominal Christians in Korea these days, and I wondered what kind of shape Christians who live and experience true conversion will have in their lives. To this end, the conversion stories of Ganzo, Lewis, Kuyper, and Ju Seon-ae were explored and found the seven relevant elements of Smith's conversion (intellectual conversion, repentance and repentance, emotional conversion, volitional conversion of determination-loyalty-dedication, sacramental elements, and spiritual conversion). and Lonergan's conversion theory. In the end, it was concluded that true conversion must overcome prejudice and stubbornness, transform from self-centeredness to value-centeredness, and meet the true self through the Holy Spirit through a process of growth accompanied by fierce, holistic, and sincerity toward self, neighbors, and God. Conversion should be accompanied by fierce self-struggle and should never be a summary process. Only through true and complete conversion will they find their heart's home, and as Christians who respond to God's calling throughout their lives, they will become holy people and establish God's kingdom in the world, and gain trust from society after all. 대한민국에는 자신의 종교를 기독교라고 천명하는 이가 전인구의 1/4가량이며 그리스도인이라는 종교적 정체성을 가진 이가 많지만 그 중 23%가량의 성도는 교회를 다니지 않는 가나안 성도이다. 최근 교회에 대한 신뢰도는 18% 정도로 낮아졌다. 19세기 말에 기독교가 전래된 이후 교회가 소위 자유와 평등 정신을 품은 신학문의 요람으로 여겨졌고 일제의 압박에 대항하는 저항세력으로 뭇사람의 신뢰를 받던 시절이 있었다. 20세기 중반까지 교회는 사회에 유익한 종교, 개안을 가져다 준 종교로 인식되어 문만 열어 놓으면 간략한 전도를 통해 교회당에 사람이 넘쳐났었다. 그러나 교회의 문턱이 낮아지고 회심/개종 사건이 많이 일어나면서 회심은 일종의 통과의례와 같은 가벼운 과정이 되어버렸다. 이 연구는 작금의 우리나라에는 명목상 그리스도인들이 점점 더 많아지고 있다는 합리적인 의심으로 시작되었고, 과연 진정한 회심을 경험하고 살아가는 그리스도인들은 삶 속에서 구체적으로 어떤 모양을 갖게 되는지가 궁금했다. 이를 위해 간조, 루이스, 카이퍼, 주선애의 회심기를 연구했고 스미스의 회심의 7가지 요소(지적회심, 회개와 참회, 정서적 회심, 결단-충성-헌신의 의지적 회심, 성례적 요소, 영적 회심)와 로너간의 회심론에서 통찰을 얻고자 시도했다. 결국 진정한 회심은 자아와 이웃과 하나님을 향한 치열하고 통전적이며 진정성을 동반한 발돋움의 과정을 통해 편견과 고집을 넘어서고 자기중심에서 가치중심으로 탈바꿈하고, 성령을 통해 참된 자아를 만나야 한다고 결론을 맺었다. 회심은 치열한 자기 투쟁을 동반하여야 하며 결코 요약과정이 되어서는 안될 것이라고 본다. 진정하고 온전한 회심을 통할 때에만 마음의 고향을 찾게 되고 평생 하나님의 부르심에 응답하는 그리스도인으로서 세상에서 하나님의 나라를 세우는 거룩한 백성이 될 것이다.

종교적 회심을 통전적으로 이해하기 -성 어거스틴을 중심으로-

김동영 ( Dong Young Kim ) 한국목회상담학회 2012 목회와 상담 Vol.18 No.-

The purpose of this article is to achieve an integrated understanding of religious conversion process from an interdisciplinary perspective. More specifically, this study investigates how personal, social, cultural, and religious factors might have affected the process of Augustine`s conversion by using the lens of Rambo`s model of religious change. Augustine`s narrative of conversion illustrates well the complex and multi-dimensional process of human transformation. Previous studies have tended to examine this dynamic process of Augustine`s conversion from the perspective of one theoretical discipline. They have not integrated critically religious and social science perspectives for understanding Augustine`s conversion. This study addresses this lacuna by exploring the interrelated impact of personal, social, cultural, and religious components on Augustine`s lifelong process of transformation. Rambo formulates a model of religious change that consists of what he calls context, crisis, quest, encounter, interaction, commitment, and consequences. Change is explained by drawing upon the research and scholarship of psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, and religionists, in conjunction with the contributions of theologians. This article demonstrates how Augustine`s conversion experience was deeply influenced by (1) psychological distress and crisis; (2) the quest to know himself and the divine; (3) interactions with significant others; (4) participation in Christian communities; (5) philosophical and cultural changes; and (6) the encounter with the divine. The coherent portrayal of Augustine`s narrative of transformation enables us to appreciate that Augustine`s conversion was involved in an evolving process of his lived experience of change in which multiple factors interacted with and reinforced one another, calling for the continuous transformation and commitment of his whole life in light of the experiences of the self, others, and the divine. The findings of this study provide some significant implications for scholars of conversion, for pastoral caregivers in the Christian community, and for future researchers of religious change.

빅데이터 기반 음성언어 처리 기술에 관한 연구

조진관 한국지식정보기술학회 2019 한국지식정보기술학회 논문지 Vol.14 No.4

Among the age of multiple information processing with smart device, many users feel each information and comfortable life through their smart device and computer so on. The area of language processing about multiple information make an automatically recognition and processing by computer with human language, and study their algorithm. In addition, it provides a several of application services such as siri, speech conversation system. Especially, language processing technology offer to valuable service in big data environment, and necessary to essential technology to processing big speech and text information. Moreover, big data-based application system become main resource that make a good performance using language processing technology by huge data. Moreover, our research provide web/app environment-based speech collaboration, big data-based both speech signal processing, and speech collaboration algorithm. Big data-based both speech signal processing and speech algorithm carry out by transaction procedure organically. By the transaction procedure, we had an experiment with Trek user speech data using RLS and SNR algorithm for big data-based language processing. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose big data-based information processing with many pre-research in order to improve a capability of the information processing technology using big data.

Comparison of Grayscale Conversion Methods for Malaria Classification

JunYeon,Jong-Dae Kim,Chan-Young Park,Yu-Seop Kim,Hye-Jeong Song 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.7 No.1

Malariaparasitemia is used for measuring the degree of infection by detecting the plasmodium (commonly known as the malaria parasite) in the blood of an infected patient. The most commonly used method of malarial diagnosis is counting the number of malaria-infected red blood cells in a Giemsa-stained blood smear by using a microscope. This method requires expert knowledge and is prone to inter-investigator variability. Therefore, a number of studies have been conducted on automated classification techniques that can measure malarial infection rapidly and accurately. In order to detect malaria parasites by analyzing plasmodium-infected blood smear images, conversion processing is required to make the images insensitive to the luminance contrast of microscopy and staining intensity. This paper aims to identify a grayscale conversion method optimal for plasmodium-infected blood smear images by comparing the performances of various grayscale conversion methods. The grayscale conversion methods selected for the comparison are colorimetric conversion, luma coding, conversion using the green channel only, and principal component analysis (PCA)-based conversion. We used 20 malaria-infected red blood cells and 20 normal red blood cells to compare the performances of these methods by obtaining thearea under the receiver operating curve (AUC) as the minimum histogram intra-class variance value for each cell image. With the AUC value of 0.9225, the PCA-based grayscale conversion method outperformed all other methods.

Research on the Relationship between New and Old Kinetic Energy Conversion and Competitive Advantage of Service Enterprises

( Geng Xize ),( Kong Lingming ),( Kim Yeong Gil ) 한국품질경영학회 2019 한국품질경영학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.-

The new and old kinetic energy conversion is a national development idea recently proposed by the Chinese government. Industrial transformation and upgrading is the external manifestation of the new and old kinetic energy conversion. The new and old kinetic energy conversion is the internal driving force to promote industrial transformation and upgrading. Industrial transformation and upgrading are closely related to the competitive advantages of service-oriented enterprises. Based on the empirical research by using Concordance Process theory, this paper explores the internal relationship between the old and new kinetic energy conversion and the competitive advantage of service enterprises, and establishes a model of the relationship between new and old kinetic energy conversion and service enterprise competitive advantage. The model reveals the dynamics machismo of new and old kinetic energy conversion for service enterprises, and also provides an effective method for government departments to promote the new and old kinetic energy conversion.

증숙 발효 공정에 의한 파삼의 진세노사이드 전환 수율 증진

최운용,임혜원,최근표,이현용 韓國藥用作物學會 2014 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.22 No.3

This study was performed to enhance contents of low molecular ginsenoside using steaming and fermentationprocess in low quality fresh ginseng. For increase in contents of Rg2, Rg3, Rh2 and CK in low quality fresh ginseng, a steam-ing process was applied at 90℃ for 12hr which was followed by fermentation process at Lactobacillus rhamnosus HK-9incubated at 36℃ for 72h. The contents of ginsenoside Rg1, Rb1, Rc, Re and Rd were decreased with the steaming associ-ated with fermentation process but ginsenoside Rg2, Rg3, Rh2 and CK increased after process. It was found that under thesteaming associated with fermentation process, low molecule ginsenosides such as Rg2, Rg3, Rh2 and CK were increased as3.231㎎/g, 2.585㎎/g and 1.955m/g and 2.478㎎/g, respectively. In addition, concentration of benzo[α]pyrene in extracts ofthe low quality fresh ginseng treated by the complex process was 0.11ppm but it was 0.22ppm when it was treated with thesteaming process. This result could be caused by that the most efficiently breakdown of 1,2-glucoside and 1,4-glucoside link-age to backbone of ginsenosides by steaming associated with fermentation process. This results indicate that steaming pro-cess and fermenration process can increase in contents of Rg2, Rg3, Rh2 and CK in low quality fresh ginseng.

시청자의 디지털 전환에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

권정아 ( Jung A Kwon ),박광만 ( Gwang Man Park ) 정보통신정책학회 2010 정보통신정책연구 Vol.17 No.3

2012년 12월 말이면 지상파 아날로그 텔레비전방송은 종료될 예정이다. 지상파 텔레비전방송의 디지털 전환은 1980년대 흑백에서 컬러 방송으로의 진화보다 더 큰 방송 패러다임의 변화로 여겨지고 있다. 디지털 전환은 시청자 복지의 증진뿐만 아니라 사회 전반적으로 미치는 경제적 파급효과가 상당히 클 것으로 기대된다. 하지만 국내 디지털TV의 보급률은 선진국에 비해서 저조한 수준으로 디지털전환 계획이 지연될 가능성이 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 시청자의 디지털 전환에 영향을 미치는 요인을 혁신결정과정의 단계별 특성에 따라 분석하여 정책 추진에 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하고, 효율적인 디지털 전환이 이루어지는데 일조하고자 하였다. 우선 혁신확산이론의 혁신결정과정에서 제시한 지식단계와 결정단계의 요인들과 기존 뉴미디어 채택 관련 연구에서 도출된 수용자 성향 요인 등을 바탕으로 시청자의 디지털 전환 시기에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하였다. 이산선택모형으로 분석한 결과, 저소득층 등의 디지털 소외계층에 대한 지원이 원활한 디지털 전환을 위해서 중요한 것으로 판단되었고, 수도권 거주자와 비거주자 간의 디지털 전환 시기에 격차가 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 아날로그 방송의 종료시기와 종료사실을 정확하게 이해하고, 디지털 방송에 대한 경험이 있으며 디지털 방송의 인지된 특성에 대해 높이 평가할수록 디지털 전환 시기가 빨라지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 2012년 이전에 TV를 교체할 계획이 있는 응답자들이 디지털 전환에 적극적임을 확인할 수 있었다. The terrestrial analogue broadcasting will be over in December 2012 in Korea. The digital conversion may be a bigger change of broadcasting paradigm than a change to the color broadcasting from black and white in 1980s. Digitalization of broadcasting is currently underway in many industrialized countries, expected to promote welfare of viewers as well as the economic effects. But the domestic diffusion rate of digital TV sets is much lower than advanced countries. So it is concerned about delaying of the plan for the promotion of digital conversion. A carefully planned approach is essential for the efficiency and success of the process of digital transition, and related projects must be carefully coordinated. This study is contributed to offer the basis data for activating the digitalization of the broadcasting through the analysis of affecting factors for consumers` digital conversion time. For this purpose, it examined factors in the knowledge and persuasion stage that were suggested in the innovation-decision process of diffusion theory. It also examined demographic variables that showed the former research based on the diffusion of innovation theory. We investigated the effects of factors using a consumer survey data. A survey of 1,000 persons who are 15 to 50 years old was conducted to understand consumer intention of digital conversion. Estimation results from an ordered probit model show that consumers who experience the digital broadcasting and recognize the time of termination as well as the analogue switch-off are likely to accelerate analog to digital transition. Highly evaluating the observability and the reliability of digital broadcasting also lead to a rapid conversion. We know that residents between capital and outside of capital have the gap of digital conversion time. Respondents who have an intention to buy TV sets before 2012 take up a positive attitude for the digital conversion. The study shows that the support for minority groups and public campaigns in order to promote digital conversion will be important. Results are expected to support the digital conversion policy with useful information.