Study on the Hatching Characteristics and Diet of Stick Insect, Baculum elongatum (Phasmida : Phasmatidae) for Artificial Mass Rearing

JinGu Lee,HeeDong Kim,ChangSung Kang,AeGyeong Seo,SangHyun Lee,YoungKyu Park,YoungBo Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04

Baculum elongatum has a long, thin shape that resembles a twig, propagates by parthenogenesis, changes body color, and drops eggs, all of which suggests its potential in the commercial market, especially as an educational pet insect. This study was carried out to determine the best hatching environment and an alternative or artificial diet for rearing B. elongatum to be developed as a commercial and educational pet insect. Oviposition was performed by females without fertilization by the sperm of males. The oviposition period was 42.2 ± 22.7 days and the number of eggs per female was 109.5 ± 70.5 eggs. The hatch rate was 73.3% at 25°C and 66.7% after low temperature treatment (8°C for 60 days). In nature, B. elongatum overwinters as an egg, but it can be assumed from the results that cold temperatures were not required for hatching. The hatch rate was 98.2% in the treatment using floral foam, fermented sawdust, and leaves. Clover(Trifolium repens) was an excellent diet as it was similar to the host plant and could be used as an alternative diet. The rate of reaching adulthood for the insects was 66.7% on an artificial diet containing 25% acacia leaves. For sustainable mass rearing of nymphs or adults of B. elongatum, a natural diet could be used such as acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), white oak (Quercus aliena), chestnut (Castanea crenata var. dulcis), and bush clover (Lespedeza bicolor), or an alternative diet such as clover or artificial diet. To rear nymphs and adults of B. elongatum, natural diet such as acacia, white oak, chestnut, or bush clover leaves, or an alternative diet such as clover or an artificial diet can be used.

Study on the Hatching Characteristics and Diet of the Stick Insect, Baculum elongatum (Phasmida: Phasmatidae) for Artificial Mass Rearing

( Jin Gu Leea ),( Hee Dong Kim ),( Chang Sung Kanga ),( Ae Gyeong Seoa ),( Sang Hyun Leec ),( Young Kyu Parkd ),( Young Bo Leeb ) 한국잠사학회 2013 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.26 No.1

Baculum elongatum has several peculiarities such as parthenogenesis, unique external features, changing body color, and dropping oviposition, which makes it a potential economically useful insect. Oviposition was performed by females without fertilization by the sperm of males. The oviposition period was 42.2 ± 22.7 days and the number of eggs per female was 109.5 ± 70.5 eggs. The hatch rate was 73.3% at 25°C and 66.7% after low temperature treatment (8°C for 60 days). In nature, B. elongatum overwinters as an egg, but it can be assumed from the results that cold temperatures were not required for hatching. The hatch rate was 98.2% in the treatment using floral foam, fermented sawdust, and leaves. The developmental period was 100.9 ± 4.2 days for eggs, 55.3 ± 4.6 days for nymphs, and 49.7 ± 16.0 days for adults. The length of the eggs was 0.33 ± 0.0 cm and the lengths of the nymphs were clearly distinguishable according to the instar stage. Clover(Trifolium repens) was an excellent diet as it was similar to the host plant and could be used as an alternative diet. The rate of reaching adulthood for the insects was 66.7% on an artificial diet containing 25% acacia leaves. For sustainable mass rearing of nymphs or adults of B. elongatum, a natural diet could be used such as acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), white oak (Quercus aliena), chestnut (Castanea crenata var. dulcis), and bush clover (Lespedeza bicolor), or an alternative diet such as clover or artificial diet.

Study on the Hatching Characteristics and Diet of Stick Insect, Baculum elongatum (Phasmida : Phasmatidae) for Artificial Mass Rearing

이진구,김희동,강창성,서애경,이상현,박영규,이영보 한국잠사학회 2013 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.26 No.1

Baculum elongatum has several peculiarities such as parthenogenesis, unique externalfeatures, changing body color, and dropping oviposition, which makes it a potentialeconomically useful insect. Oviposition was performed by females without fertilization bythe sperm of males. The oviposition period was 42.2 ± 22.7 days and the number of eggsper female was 109.5 ± 70.5 eggs. The hatch rate was 73.3% at 25°C and 66.7% after lowtemperature treatment (8°C for 60 days). In nature, B. elongatum overwinters as an egg, but itcan be assumed from the results that cold temperatures were not required for hatching. Thehatch rate was 98.2% in the treatment using floral foam, fermented sawdust, and leaves. The developmental period was 100.9 ± 4.2 days for eggs, 55.3 ± 4.6 days for nymphs, and49.7 ± 16.0 days for adults. The length of the eggs was 0.33 ± 0.0 cm and the lengths of thenymphs were clearly distinguishable according to the instar stage. Clover(Trifolium repens)was an excellent diet as it was similar to the host plant and could be used as an alternativediet. The rate of reaching adulthood for the insects was 66.7% on an artificial diet containing25% acacia leaves. For sustainable mass rearing of nymphs or adults of B. elongatum, anatural diet could be used such as acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), white oak (Quercusaliena), chestnut (Castanea crenata var. dulcis), and bush clover (Lespedeza bicolor), or analternative diet such as clover or artificial diet.

Study on the Hatching Characteristics and Diet of the Stick Insect, Baculum elongatum (Phasmida: Phasmatidae) for Artificial Mass Rearing

Lee, Jin Gu,Kim, Hee Dong,Kang, Chang Sung,Seo, Ae Gyeong,Lee, Sang Hyun,Park, Young Kyu,Lee, Young Bo Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2013 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.26 No.1

Baculum elongatum has several peculiarities such as parthenogenesis, unique external features, changing body color, and dropping oviposition, which makes it a potential economically useful insect. Oviposition was performed by females without fertilization by the sperm of males. The oviposition period was $42.2{\pm}22.7$ days and the number of eggs per female was $109.5{\pm}70.5$ eggs. The hatch rate was 73.3% at $25^{\circ}C$ and 66.7% after low temperature treatment ($8^{\circ}C$ for 60 days). In nature, B. elongatum overwinters as an egg, but it can be assumed from the results that cold temperatures were not required for hatching. The hatch rate was 98.2% in the treatment using floral foam, fermented sawdust, and leaves. The developmental period was $100.9{\pm}4.2$ days for eggs, $55.3{\pm}4.6$ days for nymphs, and $49.7{\pm}16.0$ days for adults. The length of the eggs was $0.33{\pm}0.0$ cm and the lengths of the nymphs were clearly distinguishable according to the instar stage. Clover(Trifolium repens) was an excellent diet as it was similar to the host plant and could be used as an alternative diet. The rate of reaching adulthood for the insects was 66.7% on an artificial diet containing 25% acacia leaves. For sustainable mass rearing of nymphs or adults of B. elongatum, a natural diet could be used such as acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), white oak (Quercus aliena), chestnut (Castanea crenata var. dulcis), and bush clover (Lespedeza bicolor), or an alternative diet such as clover or artificial diet.

Biological Characteristics of Stick Insect, Baculum elongatum (Phasmida : Phasmatidae) to Develop for the Industrial Insect

JinGu Lee,AeGyeong Seo,HeeDong Kim,YoungBo Lee2,SangHyun Lee,YoungKyu Park,HaeGil Lee,ChangSung Kang 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.05

Stick insect has several peculiarities like parthenogenesis, unique external features and dropping oviposition, so it is very hopeful to use for industrial insect. The oviposition was established by only female without fertilization with sperm of male which was not discovered during this study. The oviposition period was 37.3±14.9 days and the number of eggs per female was 41.5±16.5 eggs. The hatchability was 73.3% at 25℃and 66.7% after low temperature treatment(8℃, 60 days). The developmental periods and the length of egg were 100.9±4.2 days and 0.33±0.0cm, respectively, and the adult's life span was 49.7±16.0days. Differently other research which reported five nymph stage, the developmental stages of nymph showed five(62.9%) or six(37.1%) stages. The duration and the length of nymph increased according to the increase of nymph stage. Stick insect preferred the leaf of American locust, White oak, Chestnut, Bush clover in order but could be reared with food of the leaf of all these trees. Stick insects are herbivorus but made an attack each other when encountered in the small space. For sustaining mass rearing of stick insect, it is needed that the development of artificial diet and high density rearing method.