온라인 커뮤니티에서 기술적, 사회적 익명성이 자기통제에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

최희재 ( Heejai Choi ),이준기 ( Zoonky Lee ),김정원 ( Jungwon Kim ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2009 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.10 No.1

온라인 커뮤니티에서 익명성의 정도에 따라 자기통제의 행동이 달라짐에 관한 많은 연구들이 진행되어왔다. 본 연구는 온라인 커뮤니티에서의 익명성에 대한 개념을 구분하여 객관적이고 기계적인 기술적 익명성과 개인의 주관적인 사회적 익명성으로 정의하고, 익명성의 영향으로 나타나는 자기 통제의 정도와의 관계에 대해 규명하였다. 인터넷 커뮤니티 회원을 대상으로 기술적 익명성, 사회적 익명성, 개인의 유대감, 자기통제 정도를 설문을 통해서 조사한 결과 인터넷커뮤니티에서 기술적으로 주어지는 익명성은 개인이 가지는 유대감이 낮을수록 개인의 주관적인 사회적 익명성에 강한 영향을 미치고, 기술적으로 주어지는 익명성은 개인의 주관적인 사회적 익명성을 통해서 자기통제에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 익명성이 어떻게 해서 개인의 행동에 영향을 미칠 수 있는지 하나의 관점을 제시함으로써 실명제 논의나, 인터넷 사이트의 익명성 정책에 대한 참고자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. There have been many previous studies about an effect of anonymity on self-control behavior. However the previous studies are on the aspect of results such as the usefulness, the problems of cyber crime or a lack of trust by anonymity. This study identifies the accurate definition of the objective technical anonymity and subjective social anonymity. And it reveals the relationship among technical anonymity, social anonymity, community tie, and self-control as an effect of anonymity. The result of survey shows that technical anonymity affects self-control through social anonymity and the relationship between technical and social anonymity is affected by community tie. This study presents how the anonymity affects individual behaviors. So it can be used as a reference to the policy on anonymity of the internet.

The Causality Test of Network Technical Anonymity and Perceptive Anonymity

Xi Chen,Yujie Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.9 No.3

In order to discuss different types of network anonymity and the correlations among them, this paper separates network anonymity into two variables on the basis of subject object dichotomy. One is network technical anonymity, referring to the amount of information concealed that lead to difficulties in identifying the subject; the other is perceptive anonymity, which means how anonymous one perceive him/herself has been. Then the author explores how to measure these variables and set up a test model to see if there is any causal relation between them. The data was collected from Sina Weibo, and it is intended for empirical test. This thesis proved that there is an obvious causal relation between the two types of anonymity.

Towards a Comprehensive Analysis of Crowds Anonymity System

Tianbo Lu,Xinyuan Zhang,Xiaofeng Du,Yang Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.7

There is an increasing command for anonymity in network. Crowds[1] is an popular anonymity system proposed by Michael K. Reiter and Aviel D. Rubin which main idea behind it is hiding users’ identities by routing their packets randomly within a group of similar users. Crowds can provides sender anonymity and also has an advantage that the computation load of relay nodes is very small but it does not protect the identity of the receiver. This paper presents an overview on Crowds and introduces the development of Crowds from the following aspects: anonymity analysis, application especially the application in P2P and the performance. We summarize the work about anonymity analysis based on Crowds and divide them into receiver analysis, probabilistic behavior, attack and anonymity proof. Crowds is high efficient but it can’t resist the global attack, therefore, to meet the needs of the different levels of anonymity, there is a vast body of anonymity literature concerned with anonymity analysis, for example, Crowds can’t provide receiver anonymity but receiver anonymity is important in many cases, so many work extending the Crowds system from sender anonymity only to sender and receiver anonymity. In addition to the analysis, we also summarize the applications of Crowds. Undoubtedly, it is widely used in P2P. We also give an overlook of the performance of Crowds.

온라인 커뮤니케이션에서 집단극화 현상에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구: 익명성 관점에서

서응교 한국유통과학회 2015 유통과학연구 Vol.13 No.2

Purpose – This study aims to identify the effects of communication cues, anonymity, and social presence on group polarization in computer-mediated communication (CMC) settings. Extant literature has introduced some theoretical backgrounds of social presence and SIDE (Social Identity model of Deindividuation Effects) to explain the effects of communication cues and anonymity. The concept of social presence emphasized the mediating role on communication cues and anonymity. However, most literature did not measure social presence and compare group polarization of all condition groups. This does not sufficiently explain the result of group polarization. Research design, data, and methodology – We believe that the direct impact of anonymity on group polarization can provide a more admissible and clearer explanation for the results. In addition, this study categorizes anonymity into two levels, as anonymity of group and anonymity of self. To justify the anonymity view, a laboratory experiment was conducted. The experiment was conducted in communication cues settings (visual cue; without visual cue) and anonymity settings (identified; anonymous). Each of the four settings has 10 groups consisting of five subjects each (total 200 subjects). The subjects are undergraduates from a large university, majoring in business. All experimental procedures and calculations of choice shift and preference change follow the literature. Results – First, the removal of visual cues does not produce a significant impact on group polarization, which cannot be explained by the social presence view. Second, the anonymous condition does not significantly affect group polarization, which also cannot be explained by the social presence view. However, the anonymous condition directly affects group polarization. Specifically, anonymity of self has a stronger effect on group polarization than anonymity of group. The result explains about the leading factor affecting group polarization. This study examines another view of how computer-mediated communication may be associated with group polarization. The process and outcome data from the experiment reveal that group polarization is not affected by level of social presence, but by level of anonymity. Group discussions conducted with visual cue CMC setting and identified CMC setting result in weaker group polarization. Conversely, group discussions conducted without visual cue CMC setting and anonymous CMC setting lead to stronger group polarization. The results of the study have the following implications. First, they provide clues for business organizations to design the most appropriate media conditions and preemptive social conditions to implement when making group decisions through CMC, to maximize achievements, generate amicable agreements, or actively share information. Second, this study can be useful in analyzing different adverse effects generated through Internet use. Conclusions – This research can help explain discussions and decision-making actions on Internet forums, which have recently increased, as well as providing a foundational basis in newly establishing policies for the forums. Finally, it should be noted that many other factors such as group size, topics, and group history may affect group polarization. These should be examined in future studies.

BIG – MIX : A Mapping-Based Approach towards Measuring Anonymity

Tianbo Lu,Cheng Wang,Xiaofeng Du,Yang Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.7

As the Internet is becoming a virtual platform for people’s sharing information and communicating daily, more and more people are connected together and the contact area between their personal privacy and the outside world turn to be unprecedented large. Therefore, the users of the Internet are faced with an enormous privacy threat. Anonymous P2P technology is a good way to solve the above problems. The ultimate goal of all anonymous P2P systems is to obtain the anonymity. Anonymity assessment on different anonymous P2P systems can be used to compare the amount of anonymity offered by different systems or to adjust the parameter setting of the same system according to different need, which is of great guiding significance to improve anonymous communication systems. In this paper, from the angle of relationship anonymity between the sender and the receiver, we presents the BIG-MIX anonymity method, taking the paths cross of different messages into consideration, to make anonymity assessment on anonymous P2P networks with the use of mapping. And with this method, this paper makes a quantitative analysis on the relationship anonymity of anonymous P2P networks under the mechanism of Threshold Mixes, Timed Mixes or Pool Mixes.

온라인 커뮤니티 내 익명성이 가상 팀 성과에 미치는 영향

이은곤(Un-Kon Lee),이애리(Aeri Lee),김경규(Kyong Kyu Kim) 한국전자거래학회 2015 한국전자거래학회지 Vol.20 No.1

온라인 커뮤니티 구성원들의 참여를 독려하고 비행을 막기 위해 어느 수준의 익명성을 보장하여야 하는지에 대한 연구가 시급하다. 그러나, 선행연구들은 익명성의 개념이나 구분에 대한 체계적인 연구를 진행하지 못하였을 뿐만 아니라, 온라인 커뮤니티의 가상 팀 활동에 익명성이 어떠한 영향을 미칠 수 있는지에 대한 연구가 부족하였다. 본 연구에서는 익명성의 개념 및 효과에 대한 선행연구를 종합하고, 익명성을 1) 실명(무익명), 2) 별명(부분 익명), 3) 임의의 숫자 아이디를 임시로 부여(완전 익명)의 세 가지 수준으로 구분하였다. 이러한 익명성의 차이가 온라인 커뮤니티 구성원들의 신뢰 및 인지된 신원 노출 위험에 영향을 미침으로써, 결과적으로 가상 팀 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 실증적으로 검증하였다. 실험실 실험이 수행되었으며, 온라인 커뮤니티의 실제 모습을 반영하기 위해 정착된 커뮤니티의 가상 팀 상황을 만들어 자료를 수집하였다. 총 364개의 응답이 수집된 가운데, ANOVA와 PLS를 활용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 실명과 별명을 부여한 익명성 집단간 차이는 유의하지 않았으며, 임의의 아이디를 임시로 부여하였던 집단만이 인지된 익명성에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 동시에 익명성의 효과는 정착된 커뮤니티의 가상 팀 상황에서는 신뢰, 인지된 위험에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 온라인 커뮤니티 실무에서 보다 전략적인 커뮤니티 구성원의 익명성 보호 전략을 수립하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 판단한다. One of the challenges in online community management is what level of perceived anonymity can be granted to encourage active participation from members while discouraging unhealthy activities. Few studies developed a scheme of anonymity and investigated how different levels of anonymity influence community activities. This study develops a classification scheme of anonymity encompassing the following three different levels : (1) real name(no anonymity), (2) nickname (partial anonymity), and (3) random assignment of a temporal ID (complete anonymity). Then, it examines how different levels of anonymity influence trust and perceived risk, which in turn affect virtual team performance. A series of laboratory experiments were performed, manipulating the levels of anonymity, in the context of well-structured communities that allow prior interactions among community members. The data was collected from 364 laboratory participants and analyzed using ANOVA and PLS. The results indicate that the difference of anonymity between (2) and (3) had not be significant and the only (1) could not guarantee the anonymity. The impact of anonymity on trust and perceived risk could not be significant in this situation. These findings could contribute to make more beneficial member identification strategies in online community practice.

온라인 서포트 커뮤니티에서의 인지된 익명성

윤해진(Haejin Yun) 한국언론학회 2006 한국언론학보 Vol.50 No.6

This study examined the effects of anonymity on self-disclosure in an online social support community. Online anonymity was redefined as perceived anonymity based on the Social Information Processing (SIP) model, and online self-disclosure as online public disclosure in order to make the concept more appropriate to the context of online social support community. The results showed that the perceived anonymity construct has a two-dimensional hierarchical structure: self-anonymity (SA) and other-anonymity(OA). Self-and other-anonymity, each consisting of three sub-dimensions representing types of identity information(nominai/locatability, biographic, and discursive), did not differ by technical anonymity. The discursive dimension of self-anonymity and the nominal dimension of other-anonymity both affected online public disclosure negatively, supporting the motivational base of uncertainty reduction. Need for social support increased online public disclosure. Practical as well as theoretical implications were discussed.

익명성과 공격성의 관계: 자기애 유형과 성차를 중심으로

조효심,조수현 한국여성심리학회 2024 한국심리학회지 여성 Vol.29 No.1

본 연구는 온라인 환경의 특성 중 하나인 익명성과 개인의 심리 내적 특성인 자기애 성향이 성별 및 하위요인별로 공격성을 어떻게 설명하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 20대 이상 성인남녀 206명을 대상으로 익명성, 공격성, 외현적 자기애, 내현적 자기애 성향을 측정하였고, SPSS 29.0 프로그램을 이용하여 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 익명성이 공격성을 유의하게 설명하였지만, 자기애 유형을 추가로 고려하였을 때, 공격성에 대한 익명성의 설명력은 유의하지 않게 되었다. 둘째, 자기애적 성향은 익명적 조건에서 외현적 자기애, 내현적 자기애 유형 모두 공격성을 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 익명적 조건에서 자기애 유형은 성별에 따라 공격성이 다르게 나타났다. 남성의 경우 내현적 자기애 성향만이 공격성을 유의하게 설명하였고, 여성은 익명적 조건에서 외현적 자기애, 내현적 자기애 성향 모두 공격성을 유의하게 설명하였다. 이는 익명성 보장 상담의 심층적 이해를 위해 익명성 자체뿐만 아니라 자기애적 성향과 성별 등의 내담자 개인특성을 살펴볼 필요성을 시사한다. This study examined gender and narcissistic types as factors in the relationship between anonymity and aggression in 206 adults. Using hierarchical regression in SPSS 29.0, anonymity, aggression, overt narcissism, and covert narcissism were analyzed. Results reveal that the impact of anonymity on aggression loses significance when considering narcissistic types, despite sole anonymity significantly explaining aggression. Both overt and covert narcissistic tendencies explained aggression, controlling anonymity. Gender differences were observed, with only covert narcissism significantly explaining aggression in men, while women showed significant effects for both narcissistic tendencies in anonymity controlled conditions. The study underscores the need to scrutinize personal factors such as narcissistic types and gender for a comprehensive understanding of anonymous counseling. It emphasizes considering individual characteristics beyond the influence of anonymity itself.

‘개인공동체’로서의 굿문화 엿보기

박흥주 실천민속학회 2016 실천민속학연구 Vol.27 No.-

한국민속 내에 잠재된 가능성에 대한 인식력 제고와 더불어, 이제까지 한국민속학이 이룬 성과를 재창출의 토대와 가능성으로 적극 활용하려는 인식제고에 관심을 갖고, 그 한 방안으로서 한국민속문화가 갖고 있는 공동체의 실상과 그 특성에 주목하였다. 현대 사회에 긍정적으로 기여할 수 있는 공동체론과 그 실체 형성에 기여할 방안을 찾기 위해굿문화를 대상으로 살펴본 결과, 개체와 집단과의 관계는 상보적이어야 하는 공동체였으며, 상생하기 위해서는 개체성을 최대화시키고 집단성을 최소화시키는 인식체계가 도출됐다. 이를 실제상황에서 매 순간마다 최대한 발현시키기 위해서는 주체성(내 멋), 원초성, 즉흥성(시나위), 현장성을 얼마나 살려나가는 가가 관건이었다. 현대사회는 “자본주의 인간형으로서의 개인이 확산 심화되는 상황에서 개인을 어떻게 바라봐야 할 것이며, 공동체와의 관계가 계속 서로에게 유익할 것인가, 공동체와의 바람직한 현재적 관계 설정을 어떻게 할 것인가를 제시할 수 있어야 한다.”는 진단으로 요약될 수 있었다. 현대인들은 자신 이외의 모든 사회 구성원들이 자신을 주체로 간주해주지 않는 상황에 직면해 있으며, 거대한 타자들의 대상화에 대항해 홀로만 스스로를 주체라고 주장하는 사태에 직면하고 있다. 점점 구성원들 사이에서 주체적 존재로 인정받거나 상호협력이 불가능한 상황으로 치닫는 중이다. 그것이 극명하게 드러나는 현상을 ‘익명성’에 자신을 숨기는 개인의 확산이라고 봤다. 그러면서도 관계에 대한 필요와 욕구는 상존해 있다. 익명성은 필요한 내용을 그 순간(한정된 시간)만 공유하기를 원한다는 특징을 보인다. 익명성이 자신을 보호할뿐더러 오히려 자신의 주체성을 적극 발현시킬 수 있는 장치와 통로로 전환시키는 방안이 되고, 익명성을 유지하면서도 상호 협력할 수 있는 적절한 접점을 찾는 공동체를 찾을 수 있다면, 익명성과 한정된 시간을 공유하려는 현대인들의 속성을 굳이 부정할 필요가 없을 것이며, 오히려 시대성을 획득한 적절한 현대의 공동체문화를 구축할 돌파구일 수 있다. 그 접점찾기에서 굿문화의 공동체성에 주목해봤다. 집단보다는 개체의 절대성과 주체성 발현을 최대한 보장하려는 굿문화의 인식목표는 현대인들이 개인의 주체성을 견지하려는 목표와 상통한다. 익명성 또한 굿문화는 이를 보장할 수 있는 방안이 내재된 것으로 보았다. 그것은 즉흥성과 현장성에서 도출됐다. 즉흥성은 그 순간의 상황과 관계를 개체가 주체적으로 소화해서 적극 자신을 발현시켜내는 것으로서, 이를 그 현장에 있는 집단(다른 개체들)으로부터 ‘인정받음’을 획득하거나 집단이 그 개체의 즉흥성을 인정하게 될 때 서로 ‘하나’가 되는데 기여할 수 있었다. 익명성으로 실체를 가린 상태라 하더라도 이는 가능했다. 굿문화에서도 익명성이 필요로 할 때는 탈(가면)과 인형이라는 장치를 적극 활용하였다. 사회전체와 개인이라는 관계가 설정될 수밖에 없는 현대인들에게는 익명성이 자신의 주체성을 보호받을 수 있는 좋은 ‘탈’일 수 있으며, 한시적인 만남은 이를 안정적으로 발현시켜줄 수 있는 장치일 수 있다. 현대인 저마다의 주체성 발현이 ‘내 멋’이 되고, 내 멋에 원초성도 담보된 문화를 갖게 될 때, 그 만남의 순간만을 최대한 내 멋으로 즐기는 것이 시나위적으로 조화를 이룬다면 공동체형성에 긍정 ... In this thesis, we focus on the reality and characteristic of a community in Korean folk culture to reconsider cognitive faculty about possibilities of the folk culture. It is one of the ways that raise awareness about using products of Korean folklore as foundation of creation. We study about the culture of Kut to find the theory about communities that could contribute to modern society and the solution that leads to build up real communities. As a result of this study, the main characteristic of that community is complementary relationships between a community and its individuals. In this community, we also find a recognition that maximize individuality, while minizing collectivity to coexist. To manifest this characteristics in every moments, the way which revive subjecthood(Nae-Meot), primitiveness, improvisation(Sinawi), monument is important. In Modern society, we have to propose the question how we perceive an individual and what kind of a relationship between an individual and a community is good for both, while the personality of capitalism is spreading and intensifying. Modern people confront the circumstances in which all of the social members except oneself don’t regard the person as a subject, at the same time an individual asserts one’s subjecthood alone in opposition to a great crowd’s objectifying. The symptom is more and more severe so that the approval for a subject being among the members or the mutual cooperation with others are almost impossible. This phenomenon clearly appears in spreads of hiding individual behind anonymity. Nervertheless the needs and desires for relationships still exist. Anonimity has feature that people want to share the moments only in case of needs. On the other hand, by anonimity, we are able to protect oneself and, furthermore, we find the ways to express one’subjecthood. If we find the community that maintains individual’s anonimity and mutual coopteration with others at the same time, it is unnecessary to deny modern people’s ironic characteristics. Inversely we could make breakthrough to build appropriate culture of modern communities. As finding the contact point, we focus on communal characters of culture of Kut. The perceptional purpose of the culture of Kut, that ensures appearance of individual’s absoluteness and subjecthood ratherth an community’s, connects with modern people’s purpose to maintain personal subjecthood. Also the culture of Kut has a solution to guarantee anonymity. It is found on improvisation and monument. Spontaneity appears in a moment when individuals adapt autonomously their circumstances and relationships, so they actively express themselves. It contributes to become a ‘one’ with others by acommunity’s (or other individuals’ in a community) acceptance in the moments or by a community’s recognition about individual’s spontaneity. That is possible, even though when an individual is hiding it’s nature by anonymity. In the culture of Kut, they actively use devices like masks and dolls when they needs anonymity. Anonymity is a wonderful mask to protect one’s subjecthood for modern people, who unavoidably are positioned between an individual and a whole community. A brief encounter is an device to stably guarentee it. When modern people’s subjecthood emerges one by one and becomes ‘Nae-Meot’ and, when primitiveness is preserved in ‘Nae-Meot’, furthermore, when individuals enjoy the every moments of contacts harmoniously, the formation of conmmunities procedespositively. To find that way, this thesis connects ‘the community which respects one’s individuality’ with the term and concept of ‘Anonymous Social Network’. And we raise the possibility ofcontribution to build specific ‘Anonymous Social Network’ by the culture of Kut.

청소년의 감각추구성향과 또래동조성이 사이버불링에미치는 영향: 익명성의 매개효과

이수봉,한상철 미래를 여는 청소년학회 2018 미래청소년학회지 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of adolescents' sensation seeking and peer conformity on cyberbullying and the mediation effect of anonymity. The subjects of this study are totally 840 students including 420 middle school students and 420 high school students in Daegu Metropolitan City. Among them 794 students' data were analyzed. The validity of these scales was verified by exploratory factor analysis. In this process, preliminary study was conducted two times and the main study was conducted using the established scales. The hypothesis were verified by applying structural equation model analysis based to the collected data. The results of this study were discussed based on previous studies and the following conclusions were drawn. First, adolescents' sensation seeking and a peer conformity have a significant influence on cyberbulling. Second, adolescents' sensation seeking and a peer conformity have a significant influence on anonymity. Third, anonymity has a meaningful influence on cyberbulling. Fourth, anonymity meaningfully mediates the effects of sensation seeking and peer conformity on cyberbullying, respectively. These findings show that a cyberbullying is influenced by adolescents' sensation seeking and peer conformity, which is mediated by anonymity. It is suggested that it is necessary to consider adolescents' sensation seeking and peer conformity to prevent cyberbullying and an anonymity of a cyberspace operate to adolescents' sensation seeking and peer conformity, in additions that this reinforce cyberbullying. Therefore, it is suggested that a various of method should be provided to reduce a dysfunction of an anonymity and to increase a positive functions. In addition, the results of this study imply that a variety of an educational content development is needed in order to prevent a cyber harassment, and a multilateral research needs to be done to alleviate the adverse effects and increase the good effects for healthy cyberculture. 본 연구는 청소년을 대상으로 감각추구성향과 또래동조성이 사이버불링에 미치는 영향과 익명성의 매개효과를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 대구광역시에 거주하는 중학생 420명과 고등학생 420명으로 총 840명이며, 이들 중 794명의 자료를 분석하였다. 2차에 걸친 예비조사를 통해 척도의 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하였으며, 확정된 척도를 이용하여 본 조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료에 대해 구조방정식모형 분석을 적용하였다. 연구 결과를 간단히 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년의 감각추구성향과 또래동조성은 사이버불링에 의미있는 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 청소년의 감각추구성향과 또래동조성 각각은 익명성에 의미있는 영향을 미친다. 셋째, 익명성은 사이버불링에 의미있는 영향을 미친다. 넷째, 익명성은 감각추구성향의 사이버불링에 대한 영향을 의미있게 매개하며, 또래동조성의 영향 또한 의미있게 매개한다. 이러한 결과는 청소년의 감각추구성향과 또래동조성이 사이버불링에 영향을 주고, 익명성은 이를 매개한다는 것을 보여 준다. 청소년들의 사이버불링이 만연되고 있는 현 상황에서 청소년기의 발달적 특성에 속하는 감각추구성향과 또래동조성을 완충 또는 조절할 수 있는 방안을 마련해야 하며, 이와 더불어 사이버공간의 중심적 특성이라고 할 수 있는 익명성을 합리적․건설적으로 활용해야 함을 제안하였다.