중학생의 사고 예방행위 실천에 영향을 미치는 요인

김선수,유미 한국아동간호학회 2019 Child Health Nursing Research Vol.25 No.4

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the degree of accident prevention behavior, self-esteem, self-regulation ability, and social support among middle-school students, and investigate factors influencing their practice of accident prevention behaviors. Methods: The participants were 174 students from two middle schools located in J city. Data were collected from December 28, 2017 to February 9, 2018 using self-reported questionnaires. Results: The mean score were 3.08±0.37 of 4 for practice of accident prevention behaviors, 3.07±0.57 of 4 for self-esteem, 3.69±0.48 of 5 for self-regulation ability, and 3.38±0.75 of 5 for social support. Positive correlations were found among self-regulation ability, self-esteem, social support, and practice of accident prevention behaviors. The factors influencing the practice of accident prevention behaviors were personality (being ‘haste’) (β=-.20, p=.003), self- regulation ability (β=.48, p<.001), and social support (β=.23, p<.001). These factors explained 39.0% of the variance in practice of accident prevention behaviors. Conclusion: It was found that the middle-school students engaged in prevention behavior to an extent that was insufficient to prevent accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to develop intervention strategies to improve the practice of accident prevention behavior among middle-school students, considering self-regulation ability, social support, and personality, which affect the practice of accident prevention behaviors.

헌법원리적 관점에서 바라본 중대재해처벌법의 문제점과 개선방안 – 중대산업재해를 중심으로 –

정진우 한국비교노동법학회 2024 노동법논총 Vol.61 No.-

중대재해처벌법은 종전의 사업장 안전보건관계법들, 특히 산업안전보건법과 충돌・모순되는 등 여러 헌법원리(명확성의 원칙, 책임주의의 원칙, 과잉금지의 원칙, 평등의 원칙, 포괄위임금지의 원칙)에 위배된다는 근본적인 문제를 가지고 있다. 헌법원리에 위배된다는 것은 재해예방의 실효성을 확보하는 데에도 도움이 되지 않는 것으로 이어질 가능성이 크다. 실제로 중대재해처벌법에 의해 재해예방의 실효성 저하 등 여러 부작용이 곳곳에서 나타나고 있다. 중대재해를 대폭 줄인다는 기치 아래 제정된 중대재해처벌법이 재해예방에 실질적인 도움이 되지 않으면서 막대한 비용부담을 초래하고 있는 형국이라고 할 수 있다. 가장 심각한 문제는 형사특별법이 갖추어야 할 가장 기본적인 원칙인 예측가능성과 이행가능성이 현저히 결여되어 있다는 점과 중대재해처벌법 의무위반이 산업안전보건법 의무위반(결과적 가중범)보다 비난가능성이 더 높지 않거나 오히려 약한데도 불구하고 훨씬 높은 수준의 처벌을 정하고 있다는 점이다. 이러한 문제는 중대재해처벌법의 정당성 자체가 부정될 수 있는 근본적인 결함에 해당한다. 이를 해소하지 않고는 중대재해처벌법을 아무리 미사여구로 치장한다고 하더라도 가식에 지나지 않고, 그 결과 사회 전반적으로 안전문제에 대한 냉소적 분위기가 심해질 수 있다. 엄벌에 따른 공포와 법의 모호성, 비현실성 등에 기대어 자의적 법집행・해석이 남발될 수 있는 점에도 주목해야 한다. 수사기관과 법원에 의한 수사편의주의적 기소의견 송치, 기소 및 유죄 판결로 이어지는 형벌권의 남용 또는 과도한 형벌은 그 자체가 하나의 악이요, 국가에 의해 저질러지는 범죄라는 인식을 가질 필요가 있다. 정부와 법원에서는 중대재해처벌법의 체계와 내용에 결함이 많은 만큼, 중대재해처벌법 정비 전에라도 자의적 법 집행과 법 해석을 최소화하도록 노력해야 한다. 중대재해처벌법이 명분으로 내거는 중대재해 예방을 실질적으로 도모할 수 있도록 하기 위해서는 엄벌주의에 의존할 것이 아니라, 우리나라 기업의 안전보건역량을 전체적으로 향상시키고 기업들이 올바른 방향으로 안전보건관리를 해나가도록 재해예방시스템 개선과 재해예방인프라 구축에 집중해야 한다. 이를 위해서는 중대재해처벌법을 산업안전보건법의 대폭적인 개정을 전제로 산업안전보건법으로 일원화하는 방식으로 폐지하거나 대대적으로 정비하는 것이 무엇보다 최우선적으로 이루어져야 한다. Korea's Serious Accident Punishment Act has a fundamental problem that it violates several constitutional principles (principle of clarity, principle of responsibility, principle of prohibition of excess, principle of equality, and principle of prohibition of comprehensive delegation), such as conflict and contradiction with Korea's Occupational Safety and Health Act. Violation of constitutional principles is likely to lead to unhelpful in securing effectiveness of accident prevention. In fact, many point out that various side effects such as a decrease in the effectiveness of accident prevention are occurring in various places due to Serious Accident Punishment Act. It can be said that Serious Accident Punishment Act enacted under the banner of drastically reducing serious accidents is not really helpful in accident prevention and is causing a huge cost burden. The most serious problem is the lack of predictability and feasibility, which are the most basic principles that the special criminal law should have, and the violation of the obligation of Serious Accident Punishment Act is not more likely to be blamed than the Occupational Safety and Health Act (consequentially aggravated offender) However, it stipulates a much higher level of punishment. In the former case, even large corporations are encouraging them to respond formally rather than practically safe, promoting ‘high-cost, low-effectiveness’ occupational safety and health. In the latter case, if the basis for strong punishment under the Serious Accident Punishment Act is that illegal, the Industrial Safety and Health Relations Act should provide a legal basis for why the same type of violation is punished with lower or non-penalty than Serious Accident Punishment Act, but neither Serious Accident Punishment Act nor the law enforcement or interpretation agency is able to explain it. The above problem corresponds to a fundamental defect in which the legitimacy of Serious Accident Punishment Act itself can be denied. Without resolving this, no matter how much rhetoric Serious Accident Punishment Act is decorated, it is nothing more than a pretense, and as a result, a cynical atmosphere about safety issues in society as a whole can intensify. In order for Serious Accident Punishment Act to practically promote the prevention of serious accidents, it is necessary to focus on improving the accident prevention system and establishing a accident prevention infrastructure so that the overall safety and health capabilities of Korean companies can be improved and companies can manage safety and health in the right direction. To this end, it needs to be done first and foremost before it is too late to abolish or overhaul Serious Accident Punishment Act, which has many problems, into the Occupational Safety and Health Act, on the premise of a major revision of Occupational Safety and Health Act.

산업안전보건법제에 대한 비판적 고찰* — 최근 이슈를 중심으로 —

정진우 노동법이론실무학회 2023 노동법포럼 Vol.- No.39

The advanced countries for industrial accident prevention take the view that use of contractors in itself does not result in poor safety and health standards, but poor management can lead to injuries, ill health and additional costs. Therefore, regulations such as prohibition of contract and approval of contract stipulated in Occupational Safety and Health Act in Korea are not found at all. Developed countries for industrial accident prevention do not stipulate the same obligations as those who receive contracts to those who give contracts like the Occupational Safety and Health Act in Korea. While the UK, Germany, and Japan are all taking a sophisticated and sophisticated approach to effective implementation at the government level, Korea is facing many problems in terms of the sophistication and effectiveness of the risk assessment legislation due to the government's lack of authenticity and expertise. Recently, the risk assessment has been downgraded through the revision of the notice (Guidelines on workplace risk assessment). Unlike Korea, all advanced industrial accident prevention countries focus on developing and continuously distributing industrial accident techniques rather than direct financial support. In addition to inspecting and supervising small and medium-sized enterprises, the government has developed industrial accident prevention techniques suitable for the situation of small and medium-sized enterprises, guiding and promoting them on a large scale. In ILO, advanced countries for industrial accident prevention, labor inspectors are considered important in the role of judicial police officers and the role of administrators in advance prevention, while Korea lacks awareness of the importance of professional prevention guidance and neglects its role. In the case of advanced industrial accident prevention countries, apart from the operation of certification bodies, government ministries are actively enacting OSHMS guidelines and guiding and promoting them. This is because government ministries need to play the role of a control tower, such as setting and guiding directions for workplaces and certification agencies regarding OSHMS. On the other hand, the Korean government has never enacted OSHMS guidelines, and it is simply approaching punishment rather than continuously guiding and promoting OSHMS. In the case of advanced countries for industrial accident prevention, there is no case of ordering to receive safety and health diagnosis only from designated institutions, which are private institutions like Korea, just because a serious industrial accident has occurred. The supervisory authority is responsible for the investigation of the cause of the industrial accident, and it is requested to an expert (specialized institution) regardless of whether it is a designated institution or not, only if it requires a high level of expertise. Korea has many problems with the Occupational Safety and Health Act even with much more administrative personnel and costs than advanced countries for industrial accident prevention. Only when these problems are solved can Korea's occupational safety and health legislation be substantially advanced. 산업안전보건과 같은 전문성 있는 사안은 문제해결을 위해선 강한 의지(진정성)와 더불어 전문성이 있어야 한다. 의지가 강해도(진정성을 가지고 있어도) 그것이 비전, 정확한 현실인식 그리고 정교한 방법론으로 뒷받침되지 않으면 당초의 의지와는 반대의 결과를 만들어낼 수 있다. 진정성마저 결여되어 있다면 보여주기 정책으로 끝날 것이다. 이러한 관점에서 앞에서 고찰한 문제점과 개선방안을 산재예방선진국과 비교하는 형태로 요약하고자 한다. 산재예방선진국에는 도급에 대한 안전관리의 불량이 문제이고 도급 자체가 나쁘다는 관점을 취하고 있지 않다. 따라서 우리나라 전부개정 산업안전보건법에 규정된 도급금지, 도급승인과 같은 규제는 전혀 발견되지 않는다. 산재예방선진국은 도급인에게는 수급인의 근로자와 직접 고용관계가 없는 것을 전제로 도급인의 위상과 역할에 맞는 의무를 부과하고 있다. 구체적으로는 선진국에 따라 다소 다르지만 대체로 시설 및 기계·설비에 대한 관리의무, 적격의 수급인 선정의무, 수급인과의 협력·조정의무 및 수급인 간 협력·조정의무, 수급인에 대한 지도감독의무, 충분한 공사비·공기 보장의무 등과 같은 의무를 부과하고 있다. 우리나라의 전부개정 산업안전보건법과 같이 도급인에게 수급인과 동일한 의무를 규정하고 있지 않다. 영국, 독일, 일본 모두 위험성평가가 사업장 안전관리의 중요한 수단이라는 판단하에 방식은 각기 다르지만 위험성평가 실시를 강제화하는 한편 정부 차원에서 실효성 있는 이행을 위해 정교하고 세련된 접근을 하고 있는 반면, 우리나라는 정부의 위험성평가에 대한 진정성과 전문성 부족으로 위험성평가 법제의 정교성과 실효성 측면에서 많은 문제를 노정하고 있다. 최근에는 고시(사업장 위험성평가에 관한 지침) 개정을 통해 위험성평가를 하향평준화시키고 말았다. 이들 선진국은 사용단계의 위험성평가를 설계·제조단계의 위험성평가까지 제도화하고 있는 반면에, 우리나라는 설계·제조단계의 위험성평가에 대해서는 아무런 제도적 장치를 두고 있지 않다. 산재예방선진국 모두 중소기업 안전보건프로그램으로 우리나라와 달리 직접적인 재정지원보다는 산재예방기법을 개발하여 지속적으로 보급하는 데 중점을 두고 있다. 중소기업에 대해 점검·감독 외에 중소기업의 실정에 맞으면서 큰 비용 들이지 않고 실천할 수 있는 산재예방기법을 공공기관 차원에서 개발하여 대대적으로 지도·홍보하고 있다. 즉, 산재예방선진국은 큰 비용 들이지 않으면서 효과적으로 중소기업 재해를 예방할 수 있는 방법에 집중하고 있다. ILO, 산재예방선진국에서는 근로감독관을 사법경찰관의 역할 외 사전예방을 하는 행정관의 역할을 아울러 중요하게 생각하고 있는 반면, 우리나라는 사법경찰관의 역할을 중심으로 감독과 처벌에 치우쳐 운영되고 있어 전문적 예방지도의 중요성에 대한 인식이 부족하고 그 역할이 소홀하다. 산재예방선진국의 경우 인증기관 운영과는 별개로 정부부처에서 OSHMS 지침을 직접 제정하고 이를 지도·홍보하는 것에 적극적이다. 이는 정부부처가 OSHMS에 관하여 사업장과 인증기관을 대상으로 방향을 설정하고 지도하는 등 컨트롤타워의 역할을 수행할 필요가 있기 때문이다. 반면 우리나라 정부 차원에서 OSHMS 지침을 제정한 적이 없고 OSHMS를 지속적으로 지도·홍보하려는 접근보다는 처 ...

A Study on Legal and Institutional Improvement Measures for the Effective Implementation of SMS -Focusing on Aircraft Accident Investigation-

유경인 한국항공우주정책⋅법학회 2017 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Even with the most advanced aviation technology benefits, aircraft accidents are constantly occurring while air passenger transportation volume is expected to double in the next 15 years. Since it is not possible to secure aviation safety only by the post aircraft accident safety action of accident investigations, it has been recognized and consensus has been formed that proactive and predictive prevention measures are necessary. In this sense, the aviation safety management system (SMS) was introduced in 2008 and has been carried out in earnest since 2011. SMS is a proactive and predictive aircraft accident preventive measure, which is a mechanism to eliminate the fundamental risk factors by approaching organizational factors beyond technological factors and human factors related to aviation safety. The methodology is to collect hazards in all the sites required for aircraft operations, to build a database, to analyze the risks, and through managing risks, to keep the risks acceptable or below. Therefore, the improper implementation of SMS indicates that the aircraft accident prevention is insufficient and it is to be directly connected with the aircraft accident. Reports of duty performance related hazards including their own errors are essential and most important in SMS. Under the policy of just culture for voluntary reporting, the guarantee of information providers' anonymity, non-punishment and non-blame should be basically secured, but to this end, under-reporting is stagnant due to lack of trust in their own organizations. It is necessary for the accountable executive(CEO) and senior management to take a leading role to foster the safety culture initiating from just culture with the safety consciousness, balancing between safety and profit for the organization. Though a Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport’s order, “Guidance on SMS Implementation” states the training required for the accountable executive(CEO) and senior management, it is not legally binding. Thus it is suggested that the SMS training completion certificates of accountable executive(CEO) and senior management be included in SMS approval application form that is legally required by “Korea Aviation Safety Program” in addition to other required documents such as a copy of SMS manual. Also, SMS related items are missing in the aircraft accident investigation, so that organizational factors in association with safety culture and risk management are not being investigated. This hinders from preventing future accidents, as the root cause cannot be identified. The Aircraft Accident Investigation Manuals issued by ICAO contain the SMS investigation wheres it is not included in the final report form of Annex 13 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. In addition, the US National Transportation Safety Board(NTSB) that has been a substantial example of the aircraft accident investigation for the other accident investigation agencies worldwide does not appear to expand the scope of investigation activities further to SMS. For these reasons, it is believed that investigation agencies conducting their investigations under Annex 13 do not include SMS in the investigation items, and the aircraft accident investigators are hardly exposed to SMS investigation methods or techniques. In this respect, it is necessary to include the SMS investigation in the organization and management information of the final report format of Annex 13. In Korea as well, in the same manner, SMS item should be added to the final report format of the Operating Regulation of the Aircraft and Railway Accident Investigation Board. If such legal and institutional improvement methods are complemented, SMS will serve the purpose of aircraft accident prevention effectively and contribute to the improvement of aviation safety in the future.

고령자 교통범죄 예방을 위한 법제연구

선은애 한국토지공법학회 2024 土地公法硏究 Vol.107 No.-

국문초록 경찰청 통계에 따르면 고령자 교통범죄 중 교통사고 범죄는 2021년 31,841건이었으나 2022년에는 8.8%가 증가한 34,652건이었다. 교통사고 범죄로 인한 사망자는 2021년에는 사망자가 709명이었으며, 부상자는 44,713명이었으나 2022년에는 전년 대비 사망자가 3.7% 증가하여 735명이며 부상자는 10.2% 증가한 49,291명으로 나타났다.경찰청(https://www.police.go.kr/www/open/publice/publice2022_0401.jsp,“경찰접수 교통사고 현황”, 2023년 교통사고 통계, 108면. (최종검색일 :2024. 7. 31) 이는 교통사고 범죄 중 경찰접수 교통사고 현황 건수이며 2021년에 비해 사고 건수의 증가, 사망 및 부상자의 증가 추세로 나타났다. 교통범죄 중 경찰에 접수되지 않는 교통사고도 있다는 점에서 실제 현황은 더 많을 것으로 추정된다. 고령 인구의 증가에 따른 고령자의 교통범죄는 계속적으로 증가할 수 밖에 없는 상황이며 교통범죄의 예방을 위한 법률적 검토와 더불어 정책적 개선방안이 필요함에도 불구하고 그동안 고령자의 이동권 편익과 평등권의 측면에서 실효성 있는 정책을 모색하는데 한계가 있었다. 고령자의 교통범죄가 증가할 수 밖에 없는 상황에서 이에 대한 예방을 위해서는 첫째, 고령자 교통범죄에 대한 이론적 검토를 바탕으로 현재 자치법규로만 규정되어 있는 고령자 교통사고 예방을 위한 조례에 대한 근거법인 고령자의 교통범죄 예방을 위한 통합법 제정을 통해 교통범죄를 명확하게 명시하고 고령자의 교통범죄 예방에 대한 국가 및 지방자치단체의 책임을 규정하며 획일화된 법령에 따른 고령자의 교통사고 범죄를 미리 예방하고 지원하여 교통범죄에 대비할 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 고령자 교통범죄를 예방을 위해서 첫째, 자치법규로 규정이 되어 있는 고령자 교통사고 범죄 예방을 위한 통합 법령 제정을 통해 교통범죄를 명확히 하고 고령자의 교통범죄 예방에 대한 국가 및 지방자치단체의 책임을 규정하고 획일화된 법령에 의해 고령자의 교통범죄를 미리 예방하고 지원하며 교통사고 범죄 발생에 대한 대비할 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 둘째, 실질적으로 65세 이상-74세까지가 전체 고령자 교통사고 건수의 77% 이상을 차지하고 있는 바, 「도로교통법」 제73조 제5항의 개정을 통해 현재 운전면허의 갱신 전 의무교육의 대상자의 연령을 75세에서 65세로 하향함으로서 고령자 교통사고 범죄를 예방하고 교통사고 범죄의 사고 건수를 줄이는데 있어 실질적 효과를 거두어야 할 것이다. 셋째, 고령자 면허취득·갱신시 의료보고 의무화 제도 도입함으로서 고령자의 운전능력을 판단할 수 있는 의료 전문가의 소견이나 검진 결과의 필수적인 제출을 통해 고령자의 교통사고 범죄 예방을 위한 실질적인 방안을 마련하여야 한다. 넷째, 생체정보를 활용한 제어장치 개발에 따른 지원 및 운전자 특성에 맞는 위험성 인식 프로그램의 개발이 요구된다. 마지막으로 2020년부터 시행하고 있는 고령자 면허반납에 따른 지원을 법·제도적 측면에서 보완하여 실효성 있는 제도로 안착할 수 있도록 하여야 할 것이다. 이를 통해 고령자 교통사고 범죄 예방에 대한 실효성을 확보함으로서 교통사고 범죄가 일어나지 않도록 하여 안전한 사회에 도달하게 될 것이다. Abstract According to the National Police Agency statistics, the traffic accident crimes stood at 31,841 cases in 2021 among the elderly traffic crimes, but amounted to 34,652 cases up by 8.8% in 2022. The number of deaths caused by a car accident crime came to 709 fatalities in 2021. The injured reached 44,713 people. But in 2022, the dead increased by 3.7% year-on-year, thereby having been 735 people. And the wounded appeared to be 49,291 people up by 10.2%. This corresponds to the number of traffic accidents received by the police out of traffic accident crimes and was indicated to be a trend of an increase in number of accidents and in number of deaths and injuries compared to 2021. The actual situation is estimated to be more likely with regard to what there are also car accidents that are not reported to the police out of traffic crimes. The elderly traffic crime according to a rise in elderly population is in a situation that has no choice but to grow. In order to prevent a traffic crime, there is a need for the policy improvement measures along with a legal review. Nevertheless, there has been a limit to pursuing effective policies so far regarding the elderly's right-of-movement benefits and equal rights. To curb this in a situation that the elderly traffic crime cannot help mounting, first, there is a need to possibly get ready for a traffic crime by clearly specifying a traffic crime through enacting the Convergence Law for the prevention of traffic crimes among the elderly as the applicable Act pertinent to the municipal ordinance for the elderly traffic accident prevention, which is now stipulated only by local government regulations, based on a theoretical review of the elderly traffic crimes, by prescribing the responsibility of the State and local governments for the prevention of traffic crimes among elderly people, and by preventing and supporting the traffic accident crimes of the elderly beforehand in accordance with the standardized laws and ordinances. Second, the elderly aged over 65 to 74 years account for more than 77% of the total number of accidents. Thus, there will be a need to have a substantial effect on preventing the elderly traffic accident crimes and reducing the number of accidents in traffic accident crimes by lowering the age of those who are subject to compulsory education from 75 to 65 years old before the renewal of their current driver's license, through amending Article 73, Clause 5 of 「Road Traffic Act」. Third, by introducing a mandatory medical reporting system for acquiring and renewing a license for the elderly, practical measures should be prepared to prevent traffic accident crimes for the elderly by submitting medical expert findings or examination results that can determine the driving ability of the elderly. Fourth, it is required to support the development of a control device using biometric information and to develop a risk recognition program suitable for driver characteristics. Finally, there will be a need to establish an effective system by supplementing the legal and institutional aspects of a support for the return of the elderly’s license, which has been in effect since 2020. Through this, the security of effectiveness on the prevention of the elderly traffic accident crimes will lead to curbing the occurrence of traffic accident crimes, resulting in probably reaching a safe society.

어린이의 안전사고 예방에 대한 지식 및 발생 사례 분석 연구

배정이 인제대학교 2003 仁濟論叢 Vol.18 No.1

Accidents are important causes of death and disability in children. They also have enormous financial implications. Young children become a victim of accidents easily because of their physical fragileness and their coping behavior being vulnerable to any actions taken by accidents. Once they have an accident, the children whose not ful1y developed, suffer from devastating long-term after-effects. Lee, Lee, Kang and Han(1995) reported that ninety percent of accidents can be prevented. But there is no national system to manage, evaluate and analyse the information about child accidents, even though it is necessary for accident prevention policies and health promotion of the general public. The purpose of the study was to determine how often children have accidents and the Knowledge toward accident in Children. The investigator conducted a descriptive study by performing the interviews for the 268 young children. The data collection for the study began on September 2000 and completed on April 2001. The analysis of the data was done with Window SPSS 10.0 for descriptive statistics. Among those children, 247 case reported from accidents. The children who had accident answered that they injured from inside the home(31.2%), traffic accident(29.9%), on the playground(27.1%) and in the school(4.9%). Among 268 children 57.5% answered that they know what is safety accident. Among 268 children 43.7% answered that they obey the precautionary regulations a safety accident. Taking Societal responsibilities and changing public policies should be followed by legal enforcement accordingly. Greater efforts are required to reduce unnecessary deaths and disability from childhood accidents. The lessons already learned in many parts of the world must now be put into much wider use and practice in Korea. This study gave a very useful and important data to prepare accident prevention educational program and to prepare accident prevention strategies.

사고 보고 활성화를 위한 사고 미보고 원인 분석

이일석(Ilseok Lee),김범수(Beom Soo Kim),진상은(Sangeun Jin) 대한인간공학회 2019 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.38 No.6

Objective: The goal of current study was to investigate the main reasons of unreported accidents in a view point of system, person, and working environment. Background: Various accidents could happen anytime and anywhere of the industrial sites. Regardless of the accident severity and type, industry have been emphasized the importance of accident reporting to prevent a severe accident in future. Despite of the effort to increase the accident report, numerous numbers of near-misses and minor accidents were not reported in various reasons. Method: The current study was conducted with a questionnaire, consisted of three main question and 22 sub-questions asking about the reason of the unreported accidents. Total 763 workers at a chemical company in Republic of Korea answered the questionnaire. Results: In both 2016 and 2018, more than 80% of workers agreed the sentence that the accident must be reported. Regardless of the individual"s perception on the accident reporting (e.g., agree, disagree and hesitate) and the position of workers (e.g., employee, manager and supervisor), the followings were selected as non-reporting reasons: 1) when workers judged that the incident can be solved by themselves; 2) when workers believed that the damage is minimal; 3) when the worker judged that the accident reporting increases workload; 4) when the report took a lot of time to complete form; and 5) when the reporting system was complex. Especially, most workers responded that the main reason of avoiding accident reporting was when workers believed that the accident could be immediately solved and trivial. In contrast, for the workers who were aware that the accident report is not necessary, the extra time required to report the accident was one of the main reason of unreported accident. Conclusion: The company could concentrate on the training of workers explaining the effectiveness and importance of accident reporting for having a leading indicator of accidents, and could be able to develop and provide an easier way of the accident reporting system. Application: The results of this study could be used to enhance the safety culture of a company by using the result in the safety education or advertisement.

환경부의 화학사고 예방 및 대응정책

윤이(Y. Yoon),김학주(H. J. Kim),양희선(H. S. Yang),박춘화(C. H. Park),신성일(S. I. Shin),조문식(M. S. Cho),김성범(S. B. Kim),박연신(Y. S. Park),이문순(M. S. Lee) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2007 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

화학물질 유통량 증가와 신규화학물질의 지속적인 도입 등으로 대형 화학사고 발생가능성이 증가되고 있고, 또한 유해화학물질을 이용한 화학테러에 대한 사회적인 우려가 가중되고 있다. 화학물질은 제조, 사용, 폐기 등 전 과정에서 다양한 경로를 통하여 인체와 환경에 노출되어 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 특히 화학사고는 치명적 재난을 가져올 잠재력을 가지고 있기 때문에 철저한 관리와 사고발생시 신속ㆍ정확하게 대처할 수 있도록 대비하는 것이 중요하다. 그간 환경부는 화학물질 관리의 주체로서 화학물질 사고를 사전예방하고, 상시 대응이 가능하도록 각종 사업을 추진해 왔다. 2004년 유해화학물질관리법 개정을 통해 사고발생가능성이 높거나 사고발생시 그 피해규모가 클 것으로 우려되는 화학물질을 사고대비물질로 지정ㆍ관리하고 유해화학물질 취급시설 관리 기준을 강화하는 등 화학사고 예방을 위한 각종 제도를 발전시켜 왔으며, 사고발생에 대비하여 대응조직을 정비하고 화학사고 예방을 위한 정책개발과 대응에 필요한 기술 지원을 담당할 전담조직을 설치ㆍ운영 중에 있다. 또한, 사고현장에서의 임무수행을 위해 개인보호 및 탐지ㆍ측정 등의 대응장비를 단계적으로 확충하고 있으며, 소방ㆍ경찰ㆍ지자체 공무원 등을 대상으로 교육프로그램을 운영하고 있다. 화학물질마다 위험ㆍ유해성이 다르므로 방제요령, 피해영향범위 등 종합적인 사고대응정보를 실시간 현장대응기관에 제공하는 화학뭉질사고대응정보시스템을 구축하여 전국의 대응기관에서 사용하고 있고, 잔류성 화학물질 사고의 경우, 사고로 인한 영향을 예측하여 사고지역을 관리하기 위한 사고 후 영향조사 제도를 시행중에 있다. 또한, 유해화학물질 운송차량의 이력관리와 실시간 사고를 모니터링 할 수 있는 유해화학물질 운송차량 관리시스템을 구축 중에 있으며, 화학사고 출동차량 확보, 사고대응 기술 및 각종지침을 개발하여 사고현장 대응 능력을 개선하고 화학물질 및 화학제품 정보를 일반국민까지 확대 제공할 예정이다. Due to increase of chemicals distribution amount and continuous introduction of new chemicals, the occurrence possibility of chemical accidents is gradually increasing and the social caution on terrors using hazardous chemicals is growing heavier. Chemicals can exposure to human and environment through various pathways in their life cycle including production, use, discharge, etc. Especially chemical accidents has possibility to cause fa때 disaster, and thus it is very important to radically manage chemicals and to prepare for quick and correct countermeasures of chemical accidents. So far, the Ministry of Environment as the central managing body of chemical management, has been proceeding various projects for the preliminary prevention and the ordinary response. 1) Through revision of the Toxic Chemical Control Act, it has been developing various systems to prevent chemical accidents including reinforcement of management standard of hazardous chemicals handling facilities and designation & management of Accident Precaution Chemical that have a high risk of accident or are likely to result in a disastrous damage in case of an accident. 2) It has promoted and expanded its organizations including establishing and managing the exclusive body which supplies technical supports that are necessary to develope policy and response system to prevent chemical accidents. 3) It in stages expanded response equipments including personal protection equipments, detection and analysis instruments for better performance of on-site task. 4) It has been operating education programs targeting early response agents including fire fighter, police, local government civil servants, etc. 5) It established the Chemic머 Accidents Response Information System(CARIS) and various response organization are using the system The CARIS supplies on-site response agents a comprehensive accident response information including toxicity and hazard, decontamination method, impacted area, etc. and also 6) it has been enforcing the "Accident Impact Assessments system" which predicts and impact of the accident and through this manages the contaminated area. In addition, the MOE will continuously proceed the following efforts: 1) the establishment of the Toxic Chemicals Transport Vehicle Management System which traces the course of toxic chemical transport vehicle and monitors the accident in real time, 2) the extention of information supply on chemicals and chemical products to civilian, 3) the modification of on-site response capacity through developing accident response technologies and various guidelines, and 4) the purchase of the Special Vehicle for Chemical Accidents.

연안사고 예방을 위한연안해역 안전관리 강화방안

김두석 한국치안행정학회 2019 한국치안행정논집 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study is to propose an effective safety management plan for the characteristics of the coastal waters of Republic of Korea to provide a safe coastal environment in relation of Korea Coast Guard coastal safety management duties and「Coastal Accident Prevention Law」as defined. Coastal waters are a popular destination for tourists and leisure activities as well as the well-being culture that emphasizes health and quality of life as the national income increases. The「Coastal Accident Prevention Law」was enacted and enforced in 2014, providing legal basis for coastal accident prevention. However, this Act have been limited to non-vessel accidents occurred in coastal waters and uninhabited islands, limiting the scope of the general public’s definition of coastal water accidents. In addition, Aquatic leisure activities are reiterated with Aqua leisure standard law as well as normal aqua leisure activities are reiterated with bathing beach law, by the presence of this Act has placed coastal accident prevention law at an unstable position. In this study, statistical analysis data of coastal water accidents have been analyzed. After the coastal accident prevention law was enacted, the accident ratio provided a huge difference while the number of death showed no specific difference. Therefore, the contents of the current coastal accident prevention system were reviewed, and issues and improvement directions that have been raised are divided into legal institutional and practical aspects. In addition, the viewpoint of efficient maritime accident management system was reviewed under Republic of Korea legal system and the need of improvement. 이 연구의 목적은 「연안사고 예방에 관한 법률」에서 정의하고 있는 연안사고를 기준으로 해양경찰청의 연안 안전관리 업무와 관련하여 국내 연안해역의 특성에 맞는 효율적인 안전관리 방안을 도출함으로써 안전한 연안해역 공간을 제공하기 위한 대안을 제시하는데 있다. 연안해역은 국민소득이 향상되면서 건강과 삶의 질을 중시하는 웰빙문화가 확산됨에 따라 관광객 및 레저활동자가 많이 찾는 곳이다. 지난 2014년 「연안사고 예방에 관한 법률」이 제정, 시행되면서 연안사고 예방을 위한 법적인 근거가 마련되었다. 그러나 이 법에서의 연안사고는 연안해역이나 무인도에서 발생한 비선박사고로 제한되어 있기 때문에 일반인이 생각하는 연안사고 개념 보다는 그 범위가 매우 제한되어 있다. 또한, 수중형체험활동은 수중레저법과 수상형체험활동은 수상레저법과 일반형체험활동은 해수욕장법 등과 중첩되어 이 법의 입법취지가 퇴색되고 있는 것이 사실이다. 이 연구에서는 연안사고 통계자료를 분석하였다. 연안사고예방법 시행 이후 사고발생 건수는 큰 변화를 보인 반면, 사망자 수는 이렇다 할 변동이 없는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 이러한 점에 주목하여 현행 연안해역 안전관리 제도의 내용을 살펴보고, 그간 제기되었던 문제점과 개선방안을 법제도적 관점과 실무적 관점으로 나누어 제시하였다. 아울러, 우리나라 법체계 전체의 관점에서 해양사고의 효율적 관리를 위한 보완 점검의 필요성을 제기하였다.

사고공화국에 대한 심리학적 제의: 안전사고의 심리적 기제와 대안 모색에 관한여덟 편의 논문을 안내하면서

이종한 한국문화및사회문제심리학회 2003 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제 Vol.9 No.특

The purpose of this paper is to introduce eight articles which were written on the psychological mechanisms of accidents in Korean society and to suggest alternatives to prevent them. All of these articles were presented during the “Symposium of Safety” at the Annual Conference of the Korean Psychological Association, at Youngnam University through October 18~19, 2002. Frequently occurring accidents in Korean society are a very serious and enduring social issue. Psychological and cultural factors, as well as environmental factors, were found to be leading causes of the various accidents. The preventative alternatives for these accidents should be developed taking into account these factors. A nation-wide comprehensive institute for accident management is necessary to control accidents and to study and to develop preventive programs. The attitude of psychologists also needs to shift from the laboratory to the field toward accidents and from passive to aggressive toward issues facing Korean society. 이 글은 특집호에 게재된 사고에 있어서 심리학적 의미에 관한 여덟 편의 논문을 안내하기 위하여 쓴 것이다. 우리의 기억을 잠시만 거슬러 가도 수많은 대형참사를 떠올릴 수 있을 정도이고 우리 스스로 우리나라를 사고공화국으로 낙인찍기에 이르렀다. 산업재해, 직업성 요통, 교통사고 등 모든 사고의 원인으로 심리적 요인과 한국의 문화적 특성이 발견되었다. 사고의 원인에 대한 심리적 요인과 문화적 요인을 고려하여 사고에 대한 예방대책을 강구하여야 될 것이다. 사고에 대하여 연구하고 관리하는 일원화된 국가단위의 항구적인 기구와 제도가 필요하다. 심리학자들이 사고의 원인과 예방대책에 대하여 더 많은 관심을 가지고 사고현장에서 깊이 있는 연구를 하여야 할 때이다. 이 글을 마칠 즈음인 2003년 2월 18일 대구 지하철에서 발생한 화재 참사를 계기로 이 땅에서 더 이상 이런 엄청난 사고가 발생하지 않도록 지속적이고도 치밀한 대책을 국가적 차원에서 수립하여 실행하기 바란다.