일제침략에 대한 한중 공동항전의 역사적 경험과 과제

한시준 ( Seejun Han ) 단국사학회 2016 史學志 Vol.52 No.-

한국과 중국은 20세기 전반기에 공유하였던 역사적 경험이 있다. 한국과 중국 모두 일본제국주의의 침략을 받았고, 한중 양민족은 일제가 패망할 때까지 상호 협력하면서 공동으로 대일항전을 전개하였다. 일제를 상대로 한 한중의 공동항전은 중국 각 지역에서, 또 다양한 형태로 전개되었다. 1931년 9월 일제가 만주를 침략하자 만주지역에 거주하고 있던 한중 양민족이 서로 연합하여, 공동으로 일본군과 싸웠다. 한국의 조선혁명군과 한국독립군이 중국의 요녕민중자위군· 길림구국군 등과 연합하여 공동항전을 전개한 것이 그러한 예이다. 중국관내지역에서도 다양한 방법의 공동항전이 이루어졌다. 1910년 이래 많은 한인청년들이 중국의 군관학교에 들어가 군사훈련을 받았고, 이들이 중국군으로 대일항전에 참전하였다. 또 한국의 독립운동 세력들이 조선의용대· 한국청년전지공작대· 한국광복군 조선의용군 등을 조직하여 중국군과 함께 항일전을 전개하기도 하였다. 20세기 전반기 한국과 중국은 일제를 상대로 공동항전을 전개하였고, 그 결과 일제의 침략을 물리치고 해방과 승전을 거두었다. 한중 양국은 일제의 침략을 물리친 공동의 경험을 기억하고, 이를 역사적으로 정리하는 방안을 마련하여야 한다. There are historical experiences that were shared between Koreans and Chinese in the 1st half of the 20th century. Despite the temporal and methodological differences, both Korea and China were invaded by the Japanese imperialism. Invaded by the Japanese empire, Korea and China came to share a ``common fate`` and considered the Japanese empire as their ``mutual enemy.`` And both Koreans and Chinese collaborated each other and fought the anti-Japanese war together. The Korean-Chinese coalitional war against the Japanese empire were developed throughout China in various forms. The typical area in which the Korean-Chinese coalitional war were developed was Manchuria. As the Japanese empire invaded Manchuria in September of 1931, Koreans and Chinese living in the area allied and fought against the Japanese army together. The fact that Korea`s Joseon Revolutionary Army(Joseon Hyeokmyeong-gun) and Korean Independence Army(Han-guk Dokripgun) working in Manchuria allied with China`s Liaoning People`s Self-Defence Army(Liaoning Minjung Jawigun) and Gillim National Salvation Army(Gillim Gugukgun) and developed the coalitional war was one of such examples. Also in the Inland China some coalitional wars of various methods were fought. Since 1910`s many Korean young men entered Chinese military academy, took military training, and then joined Chinese army to fight the anti-Japanese war. Some Korean independence movement groups organized Joseon Euiyongdae · Hanguk Cheongnyeon jeonji gongjakdae · Hanguk Gwangbokgun · Joseon Euiyonggun and fought the anti-Japanese war together with Chinese army. The fact that the Chinese Nationalist Party Government(Kuomintang) and the Chinese Communist Party supported Korea`s independence movement was an important example for the coalitional war. Since Sun Wen`s Constitutional Protection Government, the Chinese Nationalist Party Government supported the independence movement of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, and the Chinese Communist Party helped Joseondokripdongmaeng`s activities in Yan`an. Especially, the result of Jiang Jieshi`s positive support and effort was that the Cairo Conference of 1943 confirmed Korea should become free and independent after the war. In the 1st half of the 20th century Korea and China went through a lot of suffering and ordeal due to the Japanese invasion. Throughout the process Korea and China deployed the coalitional war against the Japanese empire, and for the result defeated the Japanese empire`s invasion and achieved the liberation and the victory. Korea and China together have the historical experiences defeating the Japanese empire`s invasion. Nonetheless, for over the 70 some years the history of the Korean-Chinese coalitional resistance has not been settled yet. Both Korean and Chinese must remember the communal experiences that they defeated the Japanese empire`s invasion together, and prepare a plan to historically organize them.

1·28 상하이사변과 윤봉길의거의 한중공동항전

이재령(Lee, Jae?ryoung) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2016 군사 Vol.- No.98

중국군으로 대일항전을 전개한 김홍일

한시준 ( Han Seejun ) 단국사학회 2018 史學志 Vol.57 No.-

Kim Hong-il was a Korean, yet participated in Chinese Army for nearly 30 years. He entered Guizhou Military Academy for Army (貴州陸軍講武學校: Guizhou Lujun Jiangwu Xuexiao) in 1919 for military training; since then till he came back to Korea in 1948, he served for Chinese army. For the time, Kim Hong-il participated in the Northern Expedition as a member of National Revolutionary Army (國民革命軍: Guomingemingjun); and during the Sino-Japanese War he fought against the Japanese empire as a commanding officer of Chinese army. His rank reached Brigadier General of Army (陸軍少將), and he passed through Army College (陸軍大學) which was the highest training course in Chinese Army. Besides the period in the early 1920’s in which Kim Hong-il served for Korean National Independence Army in Siberia, most of his military career was in Chinese Army. He started his Chinese Army career in 1926 as a major (小校) in the Eastern Rout Corps (東路軍) General Headquarter of National Revolutionary Army; he, then in sequence, took the posts of the vice-commander of an independent defence regiment in Zhejiang Province, the chief of staff and manager of arsenal of Wusong (吳淞) Fortress in Shanghai, the adjutant general of Army Engineering School in Nanjing, a member of Munition Planning Committee of Chinese Military Committee, the senior staff of Southwestern Government (西南綏靖公署) in Guizhou (貴州), the chief of staff in the 102nd division, the chief of staff of the 19th corps headquarter, the commander of the 19th division under the 19th corps, the chief of staff in the 2nd Army in Guilin (桂林), and the chief of staff of the Korean Liberation Army. After Japanese Empire surrendered, he took the office of the senior staff of the Northeastern Security Headquarter (東北保安司令部) which recovered Manchu area. Kim Hong-il participated in Northern Expedition and Sino-Japanese War as a member of Chinese Army. In 1926, he joined into National Revolutionary Army in Shantou (汕頭) of Guangdong Province, and fought against Warlord Sun Chuanfang in Fujian (福建), Shanghai (上海), and Hangzhou (杭州). Especially, he defeated Sun Chuanfang’s troops in Longtan (龍潭) nearby Nanjing; for this he received a medal from Guomintang Government. Since Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1937, he as a commanding officer fought several battles against Japanese army. Among them, the Battle of Wanjialing in October of 1938 and the Battle of Shanggao in March of 1941 represents the victories of Kim Hong-il as a commander. He participated in the Battle of Wanjialing as the chief of staff of the 102nd division, and in the Battle of Shanggao as the commanding general of the 19th division. He destroyed Japanese camp by firing mortars in Wanjialing; and he lured Japanese troops into a trap and besieged them in Shanggao. Especially, the Battle of Shanggao was one of China’s great notable victories in the history of Sino-Japanese War, and is known as ‘Shanggao Huizhan (上高會戰)’. Kim Hong-il’s activities should be highlighted as important examples of Chinese-Korean Anti-Japanese Alliance. During the first half of the 20th century, Korea and China shared a common fate fighting against the Japanese Empire, Korean and Chinese peoples allied together in various ways against Japanese army throughout Manchu and Chinese continent. One of the ways is that Koreans participated in Chinese Army in order to fight against the Japanese empire, like the case of Kim Hong-il. Thus, the historical cases in which Korean and Chinese peoples allied together against the Japanese empire should be discovered and researched.