산업기술 분야 정부 연구개발투자의 성과에 관한 연구

노영진,조윤애,성열용 경성대학교 산업개발연구소 2018 산업혁신연구 Vol.34 No.1

본 연구에서는 산업기술 분야에서의 정부 연구개발투자가 그 성과에 미치는 영향을 실증적으 로 분석하였다. 국가과학기술지식정보서비스(NTIS)의 자료를 활용하여 산업기술 분야의 연구개 발투자와 성과자료를 구축한 후, 과제의 연구개발투자가 국내외 특허, 기술료 수입, 사업화 여부 등에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. NTIS 자료는 국가연구개발 차원에서 수행된 과제별 미시적 정 보와 특징, 그리고 성과를 보유하고 있는 국내 유일의 자료로, 정부의 연구개발예산으로 진행되 는 모든 사업들을 포괄하고 있다는 장점이 있다. 분석 결과 산업기술 분야의 연구개발투자가 국 내외 특허 성과와 기술료 수입에는 긍정적인 영향을 미치나, 사업화 여부에는 통계적으로 유의 하게 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 영향은 과제 특성별로 상이하게 나타났 는데, 연구개발단계가 개발단계인 경우, 연구수행 주체가 기업인 경우, 산학연협력 과제가 아닌 경우에, 국내외 특허에는 부정적인 영향을, 기술료 수입과 사업화 성공 여부에는 긍정적인 영향 을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 정부 산업기술 R&D가 보다 사업화의 성공에 초점 을 두어야 하며, 국내 산업기술 분야의 효율성을 제고하기 위해서는 사업화를 성공적으로 이끌 기 위한 다양한 환경 조성과 수요자 중심의 산학연협력 등이 보다 필요함을 시사한다. In this study, we investigate the effect of government R&D on its performance in the area of industrial technology. Using the raw data from the National Science & Technology Information Service, we construct the R&D investment and its outcome data by project level in industrial technology area, and estimate how R&D investment of project affects its outcome variable such as patent, income from royalty, and the possibility of being commercialized. Our estimation suggests that R&D investment would have a positive effect on domestic and foreign patent, yet a negative effect on the commercialization. Also, we found that this relationship would depend on the project specification. As the project would be performed in the stage of development, or by firms, or by an industry-academy-research cooperation, R&D investment would have a positive effect on its patents, yet negative effects on royalty income and the possibility of commercialization. Our results suggest that the prime purpose of public R&D in industrial technology should be more focused on commercialization, and industry-academy-research cooperation should be led by a firm that needs a technology the most.

특별섹션 논문 : 중소기업과 고용에 대한 기존연구와 새로운 연구방향에 관한 소고

이윤재 ( Youn Jai Lee ) 한국중소기업학회 2011 中小企業硏究 Vol.33 No.4

중소기업은 고용창출 및 고용유지에서 매우 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있음에도 불구하고 이에 대한 심층적인 연구가 미진하였다. 본고에서는 중소기업부문과 고용에 관하여 기존연구 방식을 검토하고, 최근에 새롭게 진행되고 있는 연구 분야를 소개하고자 한다. 전통적으로 중소기업부문의 고용은 거시적인 접근의 연구가 주로 이뤄져 왔다. 중소기업의 고용에 대한 정책지원 효과를 극대화시키기 위해선 미시적인 접근이 필요하다. 또한 구직자의 역량이 취업에도 많은 역량을 끼칠 수 있다는 새로운 연구가 제시되고 있다. 마지막으로 고령화 시대를 맞이하여 중장년층의 일자리와 청년층의 일자리 창출 간에 어떤 관계가 있는가를 규명하는 것도 시급한 문제이다. This is a critical review paper of the relations between small and medium enterprises and job creation. The importance of the role of SMEs in job creation has been consistently posed by academic researchers and practitioners. Realizing that SMEs are the important source of job creation, variety of policies on invigoration of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial environment have been adopted in developed countries such as Europe and the United States. For large enterprises have emphasized on restructuring due to excessive human resources and capital, SMEs has been the important source of job creation. Particularly, the innovative venture firms have contributed substantively to job creation. Similar phenomena have been occurring in Korea as well. Since the IMF financial crisis of late 1990s, SMEs have created more jobs while large enterprises have tried to concentrate on reorganization and restructuring of human resources. In chapter 2, the theoretical relations between SMEs and job creation are reviewed briefly. In chapter 3, issues of research methodological approaches are discussed. This paper discusses not only macro approaches but also micro approaches such as perspectives of individual firms and individual job seekers. In chapter 4, the new research areas regarding employment issues of SMEs and the future research directions are discussed and introduced. In the final chapter, chapter 5, the paper closes with the summary and conclusion. In Korea, although large enterprises in the manufacturing sector have achieved global competitiveness with rapid increase in products and sales amount of the manufacturing sector, they do not contribute significantly in job creation due to the expansion of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and off-shoring in abroad. In recent years, overseas investment by large enterprises in Korea exceeds its domestic investment resulting decrease in local job creation capacity of large firms. While the contribution of SMEs has been higher than that of Large enterprises until 2006 and this trend still seems to be valid. Generally speaking, SMEs has been the important sources of job creation and kept job stability. During the past decades, SMEs has created substantial amount of jobs in most developed countries. What is more, recent global financial crisis has deteriorated job growth even more. SMEs is experiencing labor shortage, while job seekers of younger generation are suffering from unemployment. Thus the goal of this paper is to review briefly existing researches on the relations between SMEs and job creation and to propose future researches. Recently, there are more researches that innovation in SMEs is more substantial in job creation. Particularly, entrepreneurship, which plays a pivotal role in innovative activities of SMEs, is gaining more importance (Garret and Wall, 2006). In the States and Europe, the important role of entrepreneurial activities by SMEs in job creation has been recognized, so that the start-up assistance policy has been emphasized more. But indirect supporting policies have been employed, instead of direct supporting polices. However, the long-term vs short-term impacts of entrepreneurial activities on job creation has been continuously argued. The start-up of new firms has two controversial influence like a double-edged sword. It directly affects job growth by creating new jobs, but it also diminishes job growth by substituting existing firms with new ones. Researchers generally agree with the fact that entrepreneurial activities has a positive effect on job creation but its discussion of long and short-term effects is inconclusive. The empirical evidence of the entrepreneurial activities has been mixed up: some countries showed positive impact on job creation while others negative one. In Korea, Lee (2009) and Lee et al. (2011) showed positive impact on job creation. Traditionally, job creation has become one of the main subjects of macroeconomics. Globalization has led to the increase in foreign direct investment and automation of manufacturing facilities of large enterprises, which has diminished job creation. What is more, large firms have a favorable advantage of flexible adjustment of labor forces according to business cycle, comparing to SMEs. In recession, they can cut off excessive workforce without any big problem because they are at the favorable position of attracting new job seekers. On the other hand, SMEs are not flexible with adjustment of workforces, which keep holding labor forces even in case of recession. Ironically, inflexible labor adjustment of SMEs played a role in hoarding the potential unemployed labor forces. For some more information about SMEs` job creation, categorizing SMEs more in detail is needed. There can be classified two types of SMEs : new venture firms started-up and existing SMEs with long age. In terms of job creation capacity, new venture firms survived for some years (generally 5 years or more) showed more positive effect on job creation, comparing to existing enterprises or new ones started-up newly. This paper also highlights some issues addressed by micro approaches, which deals with individual firms or individual job seekers, rather than unit of the national economy. First, a paradigm shift is necessary to expand job creation in today`s jobless growth period. Potential SMEs can appeal to younger generation if they emphasize human resource development such as career education development. Second, the miss-match issue in labor market is critical. There exists a critical miss-match of information between job seekers and firms. Firms do not have enough information on job seekers and vice versa. Third, creating new types of jobs or firms could be a complement to the job growth issue. Especially, supporting the creation of one-man companies could be the alternative. Fourth, creating jobs in emerging the industry sector is also very important. The Korean government is focusing on ``green growth`` strategy and related industries such as new regeneration energy could be important sources of job creation in near future. Traditionally, researches related to labor market have adopted macro perspective. However, macro approach could not cover SMEs` diversity, so that micro approach is needed to compensate for weakness of macro method. Recently, there is a strong tendency to assume an employee as a human capital. Therefore, there is a general agreement that the competency of job seekers is substantially related to the possibility of employment. Thus, future research focusing on the competency of job seekers could be desirable. As economy goes to the aging economic structure, unemployment of the old generation would be the big social issues in near future. There are some arguments that the supporting unemployment programs for the old generation would crowd out the young generation`s job. Some more research on this issue is needed. Traditionally, macro approach has been employed in research on SMEs` job creation, but micro approach is needed to compensate for missing parts due to aggregated analysis.

경제불황으로 인한 미시적 환경변화가 외식산업의 경영성과에 미치는 영향

손해식(Sohn Hai-Sik),한성호(Han Sung-Ho) 한국관광레저학회 2004 관광레저연구 Vol.16 No.3

독일 통일 이후 구동독 지역의 경제성장 요인 분석과 통일 한국에의 적용: 미시경제학적 접근을 통한 체제전환기업의 성과 분석을 중심으로

김창권 ( Chang Kwon Kim ) 한독경상학회 2004 經商論叢 Vol.22 No.3