Louis I. Kahn의 건축에서 룸의 의미에 관한 연구

이병욱,이장민 대한건축학회지회연합회 2016 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.18 No.3

본 연구는 루이스 칸의 건축에서 드러나는 룸의 특성과 의미를 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 루이스 칸은 건축을 ‘공간의 사려깊은 창조’로 인식함으로써, 공간이 건축의 중요한 본질적 가치임을 표출하고 있다. 칸의 건축에서 빛과 공간을 상호 연결시켜 감동적인 분위기를 연출하는 것이 칸 건축이 보여주는 깊은 묘미 중의 하나로 평가되고 있는 것도 칸의 건축에서 공간이 중요하게 다루어지고 있음을 암시한다. 칸이 자신의 건축을 설명하기 위해 룸이라는 특정 개념을 사용하고 있다. 이런 점에서 본 연구의 내용은 공간이라는 측면에서 건축에 대한 그의 사고, 룸의 공간적 모습의 특징, 그리고 칸이 룸 개념을 통해 궁극적으로 표현하고자 하였던 의미를 고찰한다. 결과적으로 본 논문은 칸의 건축에서 보이는 건축적 인상이 그의 공간적 개념과 연관되어 있음을 추적함으로써 칸 건축에 대한 건축적 해석의 지평을 넓힐 수 있는 가능성을 마련하고자 한다. The purpose of this research is to study the characteristics and meanings of room revealed in the architectures of Louis Kahn. Kahn expresses a space as an important essential value of architecture by recognizing the architecture as ‘thoughtful making of spaces’ . The impressive atmosphere by interconnecting light and space in Kahn’s architecture is appreciated as a subtlety of his work and this also implies that space is important in his work. Kahn uses a certain concept of room to explain his architecture. In this sense, this study inquires Kahn’s thinking about architecture in the aspect of space, the room’s spatial characteristics of appearance, and the meaning in the concept of room which Kahn ultimately tries to express. As a result, this study is to provide a possibility of expanding the horizon of architectural interpretation in Kahn’s works by tracing that the architectural impression in his architecture is linked to his spatial concept.

룸코너 실험을 이용한 공동구 케이블 화재 시 수평·수직 방향 온도 분석에 관한 연구

김재엽,민세홍 한국재난정보학회 2023 한국재난정보학회 논문집 Vol.19 No.3

연구목적: 지하공동구 화재는 꾸준히 발생하고 있으며, 화재로 인한 재산 및 인명피해 중 특히 재산피해의 비중이 더 크다. 공동구에서 발생하는 케이블 화재는 수직으로 빠르게 확산되어 큰 위험을 초래할 수 있으며 본 논문은 실험을 통해 화재를 재현함으로서 과학적으로 화재의 성상을 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구방법: 지하공동구 케이블 화재의 특성을 분석하기 위해 룸코너 실험을 통해 열방출율 및 온도변화를 측정하여 케이블 화재의 수직 및 수평 방향 전파에 대하여 정량적으로 비교·분석하였다. 연구결과: 룸코너 실험(ISO 9705)을 통해 각 데이터 로거 Point 온도변화를 비교하여, 화재 진행 시 1단 케이블 중앙 Point 기준 수평방향과 수직방향으로의 착화온도 도달시간이 각각 589초, 536초로 수직방향 화재 전파가 53초 빠르다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 화재의 수직전파가 수평전파보다 상대적으로 빠르게 진행된다는 것을 증명하였고, 각 층 케이블 트레이별 화재 수평 전파 속도를 비교하여, 3단 케이블은 2단 케이블의 3.4배, 2단 케이블은 1단 케이블의 1.5배 빠른 속도로 진행되어 상방향에 위치한 케이블일수록 화재 확산 속도가 상대적으로 빠르며 화재 크기는 커진다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 본 연구에서는 케이블 화재의 위험성을 파악하고 룸코너 실험의 결과를 바탕으로 케이블 화재 시 화재 수직전파의 위험성에 대해 분석하였다. 화재 확산을 막기 위한 연구와 화재 수직방향 전파를 예방하기 위한 소방 대응정책 등이 필요하며, 본 연구 논문의 시험 결과로 공동구 및 기타 화재 위험성 평가에 활용되기를 기대한다. Purpose: Underground common duct fires are steadily occurring, and the proportion of property damage is particularly large among property and human casualties caused by fires. Especially, cable fires that occur in common areas can spread vertically quickly and pose a great risk. This paper aims to scientifically analyze the nature of the fire by reproducing the fire through experiments. Method: To analyze the characteristics of cable fires in underground common duct, heat release rate and temperature changes were measured through Room-corner(ISO 9705) test, and the vertical and horizontal propagation of cable fires was quantitatively compared and analyzed. Result: The Room Corner Test (ISO 9705) was used to compare the temperature changes at each data logger point. The results showed that the time it took for the fire to reach the ignition temperature in the horizontal and vertical directions from the center point of the first-tier cable was 589 seconds and 536 seconds, respectively, which means that the vertical fire propagation is 53 seconds faster than the horizontal propagation. This proves that the vertical propagation of fire is relatively faster than the horizontal propagation. The horizontal propagation speed of the fire was also compared for each floor cable tray. The results showed that the third-tier cable propagated at 3.4 times the speed of the second-tier cable, and the second-tier cable propagated at 1.5 times the speed of the first-tier cable. This means that the higher the cable is located, the faster the fire spreads and the larger the fire becomes. Conclusion: This study identified the risks of cable fires and analyzed the risks of vertical fire propagation during cable fires based on the results of the Room Corner Test. Studies to prevent the spread of fire and fire response policies to prevent vertical fire propagation are required. The results of this study are expected to be used to assess the fire risk of common areas and other fires.

룸에어콘 실내기용 관류홴의 유동장 개선에 관한 연구

김장권(Jang-kweon Kim),오석형(Seok-hyung Oh) 대한기계학회 2011 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2011 No.5

The computational flow analysis using LES technique was introduced to investigate the flow field characteristics of a new indoor RAC with edge blocks. This unsteady three-dimensional numerical analysis was carried out by the commercial SC/Tetra software. The edge blocks cause the center of an eccentric vortex to be stable along all length of a cross-flow fan, and then, the static pressure and the velocity vector show a stable distributions. In consequence, because the edge blocks eliminate a reverse flow near the edges, an exhausting flow becomes to be stable and uniform.

룸에어컨 내부 유동 특성에 관한 수치적 연구

서현석(Hyeon-Seok Seo),전현주(Hyun-Joo Jeon),김영재(Young-Jae Kim),김진백(Jin-Baek Kim),박성관(Sung-Kwan Park),김윤제(Youn-Jea Kim) 대한기계학회 2007 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2007 No.10

At present, many studies on the air-conditioning systems are more focused on the individual thermal comfort than the thermal efficiency due to increase of the concern of health. Numerical analyses were carried out for investigating the flow characteristics in the room, including the impeller, the rearguider, the stabilizer and the blade of the diffuser region in the RAC. Especially, two different types of blade in the diffuser region, single blade and double blades, were numerically estimated. Using a commercial code, FLUENT, two-dimensional steady air thermal flow fields are calculated with different rotating speeds of impeller. The rotational frequency of impeller is located in the range from 900 rpm to 1200 rpm. Turbulence closure is achieved using a standard k-ε model. A moving reference frame approach is adopted to simulate the flow field generated by impeller in the RAC. Results are graphically depicted with various geometrical configurations and operating conditions.

룸에어콘용 관류홴의 공력성능에 대한 실험적 연구

김장권(Jang-Kweon Kim),오석형(Seok-Hyung Oh),나의균(Eui-Gyun Na) 대한기계학회 2013 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2013 No.5

Generally, the geometric size of room air-conditioner depends on the curvature radius of a rearguider. Also, the aerodynamic performance of a cross-flow fan is strongly influenced by the design factors composed of a rear-guider and a stabilizer. Therefore, this paper was studied to find out the effects of various design factors on the aerodynamic performance of a cross-flow fan, The design factors adopted in this paper are the curvature radiuses of a rear-guider and stabilizer setup angles. As a result, maximum static pressure generally increases, but maximum flowrate decreases according to the increase of a stabilizer setup angle for all diameter ratios. Moreover, the optimum setup angles of a stabilizer for the diameter ratio of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 are estimated as 45° , 55° and 65° , respectively.

룸에어컨의 토출 Blade 설계를 통한 효율 향상

권대일(Dae Il Kwon),정영기(Young Gi Jeong),조한샘(Han Saem Cho),박현남(Hyun Nam Park),김동열(Dong Yul Kim),박성수(Sung Soo Park),고한서(Han Seo Ko) 대한기계학회 2009 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2009 No.11

A period of winter has shortened and a period of summer has lengthened in Korea because .the climate has become a subtropical climate lately, which is contrary to a temperate climate in past years. Furthermore, a discomfort index is getting higher in summer because of high humidity. Therefore, the use of an air conditioner has increased steadily and the electric usage in summer has highly risen annually. Since this situation is unavoidable to live in Korea, it is required to find efficient methods to develop the air conditioners. One of the methods which was attempted in this study was an improvement of the efficiency for a room air conditioner(RAC) by redesigning the outlet blade. The best design has been selected in this study by examining the change of mass flow rate and direction of the cold air for the improved efficiency after redesigning the outlet blade. A commercial software, FLUENT, has been used to analyze the phenomena. Finally, an existing model has been compared with the redesigned model to confirm the improved efficiency.

룸코너 시험기의 시험환경 변화에 따른 열방출률 비교

이덕희(Duck-Hee Lee),김치훈(Chi-Hun Kim),박성빈(Sung-Bin Park),박원희(Won-Hee Park) 한국철도학회 2012 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

ISO 9705 규격에 의한 룸코너 시험기에서 헵탄 풀화재를 이용하여 시험환경의 변화에 따른 발열량 측정값의 변화를 분석하였다. 첫 번째 변화요소는 배기 유량인데 ISO 규격에서는 초당 3.5입방미터 이상을 유지하도록 요구하고 있다. 산소농도 측정에 의하여 산소소모량법을 이용하므로 배기용량의 오차가 미치는 시험 오차가 매우 클 것으로 예상되었다. 두 번째는 실험실 온도와 습도 등의 환경변화에 의한 편차를 관찰하였다. 세 번째 변화요소는 실험실 개구면적을 변화시켜서 발생되는 발열량 변화를 분석하였다. 화원의 크기를 작게 설정하여 연료 지배적 환경임에도 불구하고 발열량 변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 시험 데이터를 근거로 룸코너시험기의 불화도 원인을 추출하고 이에 따른 불확도 값을 추정하는 근거로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Peak HRR was measured to the variation of the test condition in ISO 9705 Room corner facility with the heptane pool fire. The first changing factor was gas extraction volume which is expected to make definite difference of oxygen concentration. Second factor was temperature and humidity in the test laboratory. The third was the opening area of the room. From the results of the test, it was founded that at fuel controlled condition opened area effects to the backward from volume controlled condition. These test results are expected to contribute for the uncertainty estimation of the room test.

HVAC용 룸 유니트 (Room Unit)의 소음저감성능해석

김상렬,김현실,이성현,김봉기,김재승 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2012 한국해양환경공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.5

In this paper, acoustic performance of the large-sized room units for ship HVAC system is studied. The room unit consists of a rectangular chamber of which inside partitions are covered by absorptive material with fabric skin. The room unit has one inlet and three outlets. At the inlet, a plane damper is installed to control the flow rate. The acoustic performance of a prototype room unit is measured using a HVAC mock-up. It is shown that insertion loss is comparable with that of a commercial room unit, although the prototype generates more flow noise than the commercial product. The major source of flow noise is analyzed by NADS-R, the noise analysis program for room unit. In order to reduce the flow noise, cone-shaped dampers are inserted into the room unit. It is shown that the cone-shaped damper decreases flow noise remarkably.

PIV기법을 이용한 룸에어컨 주변 유동 분포 해석

이아미(A-Mi Lee),한규일(Kyu-Il Han),김동원(Dong-Won Kim),라선욱(Seon-Uk Na),주재만(Jaeman Joo),고한서(Han Seo Ko) 한국가시화정보학회 2006 한국가시화정보학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

다수의 출구를 가진 선박용 대형 저소음 룸유닛 개발

김상렬(SangRyul Kim),김현실(Hyun-Sil Kim),이성현(Sung-Hyun Lee),박근효(Geun-Hyo Park) 한국소음진동공학회 2012 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.4

In this paper, the acoustic performance of a shipboard large-sized room unit is studied. The room unit is a kind of rectangular absorptive chamber with a partition whose surface absorptive material with fabric skin is attached to. The room unit has one inlet and three outlet. At the inlet, a plane damper is installed to control the flow rate. The acoustic performance of a prototype room unit is measured using a HVAC mock-up. It is shown that its insertion loss is comparable with that of a commercially-used room unit but the developed room unit generates flow noise higher than the other one. The major source of flow noise is analyzed by NADS-R, the noise analysis program for room unit. Cone-shaped dampers are proposed to be used as the damper of a room unit to reduce flow noise. It is shown that the cone-shaped damper decrease flow noise remarkably.