사회복지사 자격제도의 변화와 사회복지교육의 과제에 대한 고찰 -2년제 전문대학을 중심으로-

나용선 한국인간복지실천학회 2011 한국인간복지실천연구 Vol.7 No.-

최근 들어 사회복지사 자격제도를 개선해야 한다고 주장하는 이가 늘어나고 있다. 이는 주장에서 멈추지 않고, 관련 법령의 개정을 통해 사회복지사의 수요를 조절하고, 나아가 사회복지사의 전문성을 강화하려는 계기로 삼고자 하고 있다. 사회복지관련 교과목의 이수해야 할 의무교과목 수를 늘리고, 사회복지현장실습의 강화를 통해서 전문성을 강화하고자 하며, 사회복지사 1급· 2급 자격증을 국가시험을 통해서 획득할 수 있도록 하는 소위 ‘단일사회복지사자격제도’ 등이 구체적으로 거론되고 있다. 이러한 사회복지사의 전문성 강화의 움직임은 찬성하고, 적극적으로 동참할 일이지만, 앞으로 닥쳐올 대학입시자원의 감소, 사회복지사 2급 자격제도의 시험제 전환, 보육교사 2급자격증관련 이수 의무 교과목 수의 증가, 정부의 대학구조조정 교육정책 등은 2년제 전문대학에게는 큰 위기임에 틀림없다. 하지만 이는 동시에 새로운 변화의 가능성을 열고 전진할 수 있는 기회임에도 틀림없다. 따라서 2년제 전문대학은 이 같은 시대적 변화에 능동적이며, 자발적으로 나아가야 할 것이다. 전문대학의 장점인 단기성, 현장(업무)중심성, 전문성, 평생교육친화성 등을 살려, 다양한 사회복지분야의 복지업무특성을 파악하여 분야별, 업무별, 대상별로 전문화하고, 사회복지현장과의 연계성을 강화하며, 현장중심의 맞춤교육의 실현에 중심을 두어 교육과정을 개선해 나간다면 이러한 변화의 움직임은 분명히 발전의 계기로 삼아야 할 것이다. The number of people clamoring for the improvement of the social worker certification system has been increasing of late. Rather than merely insisting on their opinion, such people also argue that the demand for social workers should be controlled by the amendment of relevant laws, and that the improvement of the social worker certification system should be utilized as an opportunity to enhance the expertise of social workers. For these purposes, they also argue that the required number of social-welfare-related subjects should be increased, and that the social welfare field trip should be intensified. In addition, they specifically mention the so-called “single certification system for social workers,” which allows the candidates to obtain first- or second- class social welfare certification through a national exam. Such trends for the enhancement of the expertise of social workers should be considered positive and should be actively supported, but such changes will definitely bring about problems for two-year colleges, such as a decrease in the number of university applicants, the introduction of the examination system in obtaining second-class social worker certification, an increase in the number of required subjects related to the second-class childminder certificate, and the establishment of the government-oriented university reorganization policy. At the same time, such new environment can also give an opportunity for two-year colleges to advance with the potential change. Accordingly, the two-year colleges should actively and voluntarily cope with such changes. By enhancing such advantages as shortness, field-focused education, expertise, and life-long education, those colleges should specialize in various welfare jobs based on types, duties, and educational targets, after analyzing such characteristics of the welfare jobs. Moreover, the colleges should develop educational curricula by enhancing their connection with social welfare centers and by focusing on the realization of field-centered customized education. These efforts will surely usher in growth and development.

<일본 근대문학의 기원>을 이루는 풍경과 루소의 작품에 나타난 풍경의 비교

서익원(Seo, Ik-won) 가천대학교 아시아문화연구소 2013 아시아문화연구 Vol.29 No.-

가라타니 고진은 돗포가 허탈한 상태를 벗어나기 위해 홋가이도로 이주할 생각을 했다고 본다. 루소 역시 사회생활에서 공허감을 느낀다. 둘 모두 자아를 찾을 필요에서 자연으로 몸을 돌릴 결심을 한 것이고, 홋가이도와 알프스를 자신들의 작품의 소재로 삼는다. 돗포의 『소리치 강변』 이 일본에서 근대문학을 여는 작품이라면, 루소의 『신 엘로이즈』 는 서구에서 근대문학의 초석의 역할을 한다는 점에서 공통점을 보인다. 가라타니 고진은 돗포가 묘사한 풍경이 <내적 인간>에 의해 발견되기에, 인간의 내면 상태와 밀접하게 연결되어 있다고 본다. 루소 역시 영혼상태와 풍경을 연결 짓는다. 그가 언급한 <능동적 인간>은 감각을 통해 받은 것을 인식으로 바꿀 수 있는 주체가 되며, 외부의 대상을 선별적으로 받아들이게 된다. 이 점에서 <내적 인간>과 <능동적 인간>은 거의 같은 개념이다. 가라타니 고진은 돗포의 『소리치 강변』에서 <내적 인간>이 외적인 것을 내면화하기 위해서는 “어떤 역전”이 필요하다고 주장한다. 즉 풍경이 출현하기 위해서는 지각방식이 변해야 한다는 것이다. 루소는 외부의 대상을 받아들여 내면화하는 방식을 감수성의 차이로 설명한다. 인간이 풍경을 수동적으로 받아들인 것은 느낌으로서 일시적으로 남아있다 곧 사라진다. 하지만 능동적으로 받아들일 때는 그것이 마음에 각인되어 오랫동안 지속되는데, 이것이 감정이다. 가라타니 고진이 설명한 지각방식의 변화란 받아들인 풍경을 느낌의 상태로 두는 것이 아니라 감정으로 바꾸어야 한다는 것을 의미하는 것 같다. 그리고 이러한 지각방식의 변화에는 어떤 도착이 필요한데, 루소는 그 점을 존재의 시선이 머무는 것으로 표현한다. 가라타니 고진이 돗포의 작품을 중심으로 분석한 개념은 루소와 많은 점에서 공통점을 지닌다. 따라서 이 개념들은 동아시아 근대문학의 기원을 탐구할 때 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다. Kunikida Doppo wanted to remove to Hokkaido for getting out of a state of despondency and for recovering his self. J.-J. Rousseau had a critical opinion about the city life and social life. He thought that a person might loss his self in the city. He considered the loss of self as a great evil. Doppo and Rousseau turned to the nature in order to recover the self and to seek consolation against the anguish due to the social vice. Karatani Kojin contends that a scenery is connected to the inner condition of a human being. The <inner man> accepts only the scenery which is related to himself. J.-J. Rousseau contends that the <voluntary man> replaces the impression with the recognition, and accepts selectively the external objects. So the <inner man> may mean the <voluntary man>. Karatany Kojin asserts that the inner man has to change the perceptive methode in order to accept the external objects significantly. J.-J. Rousseau explain the process of the perceptive methode. He distinguishs between the sensation and the sentiment. The sensation can change to the sentiment by the voluntary human spirit when the new circumstances are formed. When a person perceives the beautiful scenery passively. the scenery doesn"t have a significance. But when he perceives it voluntarily, it has a significance.

能動的 變化를 主導하기 위한 地方財政 運營의 戰略 : 冒險的인 積極性이냐, 保守的인 內實이냐

文永世 東國大學校 地域開發大學院 1997 開發論叢 Vol.6 No.-

장례 풍습의 변천과 홍콩인의 의식변화

이헌종 한국인문과학회 2006 人文學論叢 Vol.5 No.2

This paper seeks to observe what alteration process traditional funeral customs of China in the urban Hong Kong. Hong Kong, went through with the economic development after the 1970s, and what form and adaptation process it went through after the 1977 regression in Hong Kong. In field researching, following the ethnographical research method, researches on interviews and various material culture information were executed concentrating on Yonghyang funeral hall one of the important funeral hall in Hong Kong. The funeral service of Hong Kong has changed into a new form gradually unifying various Chinese funeral customs in the process of becoming a modern city. This alteration in funeral service is related to the process of modernization, globalization and pluralistic development since the 1970s. The unification of Chinese and Western costumes, changes of alters and offerings, alterations in thoughts of cremation in the funeral process can be seen as revelations of multi-cultural aspect of Hong Kong stepping into the modern society. The decisive reason for the changes of funeral service in concentrating on such funeral hall can be found in the economic aspect. Even burial customs (cremation, memorial service) sustained by religious perspectives were gradually depending on vast growth of population, urbanization, and economic efficiency. The mental depression situation after and before 1997 in the whole society of Hong Kong brought in and out immense economic problems like reduction in investment, foreign investment, a crash in real estate markets, and vast growth in immigrants. Hong Kongers, who were afraid of the changes in life patterns toward Hong Kong through mainland's political intervention, even chose not only resistance but also a way to adapt. However, the previously made new tradition of package tradition concentrating on funeral service prevailed and settled as the funeral service of Hong Kong. Furthermore, the professionalism, modernism, and standardization of the method, with the economic efficiency, are influencing even the Chinese in mainland china. That is, for the current Hong Kong is a model China sought to make Shanghai into a modern city, if economic structure planned in that direction sustains, modernized forms of cultural pattern of Chinese tradition including funeral services, is one of China's ultimate future situations. These shows an aspect of the possibility of further acceleration in Hong Kong in China, where China in Hong Kong is emphasized. One of the oldest cultural phenomenons in burial methods, and known to sustain its tradition, shows that it possesses the cultural element that changes in the most accelerating speed in the modern society of economical efficiency and comfort. Although, the method and process of handling the dead shows different forms depending on societies and cultures, and has an changeable element according to time, it demonstrated changes can be accelerating depending on the quality of alteration. The shift in burial customs is possibly an adequate study subject when seeking to find the alteration progress of cultural phenomenon. As an aftermath of the 1997 Hong Kong regression, 10% of total population immigrated, an immense incident, yet not great enough stress for the Hong Kong citizens to return to the traditional funeral custom of China. Hence, unlike an incident of inevitably changing its memorial service to adapt to the economic changes, chosen for the necessity of groups of citizens, this was a Hong Kong like active cultural phenomenon. Instead, the various cultural urbanized phenomenon of current Hong Kong including the funeral customs, everyday Taoism, will become the future map enabling the prediction of yet to be modernized cities of mainland China.

사회심리적 관점에서 보살(菩薩)의 회심

안환기(Hwanki Ahn) 한국종교학회 2010 宗敎硏究 Vol.58 No.-

This article attempts to analyze Bodhisattva based on Richardson’s Conversion theories, especially in terms of intra and interindividual conversion. It is known that the concept of Conversion comes from Christianity. And there is a good example that St. Paul who had undergone the conversion experience changed his attitude toward Christianity from as a persecutor to as a major proponent. Noticing that the aspects of Conversion appear in Christianity as well as in Buddhism, I tried to explain Yog?c?ra Buddhist Bodhisattva in the view of Conversion.<br/> According to Mah?y?nasairigraha (攝大乘論),the most theoretically systematized text in Yog?c?ra Buddhism, the Bodhisattva who has changed his mind radically by acquiring “the consequential wisdom”(後得智) through experiencing “the extensive and fundamental conversion”(廣大傳) makes up his mind to return to samsaric realm for the benefit of sentient beings, while Arhat remains in Nirvana.<br/> So it is clarified in this article that Bodhisattva who has attained intraindividual conversion by active choice realizes his identity in society actively. By arguing Bodhisattva based on the frame of Richardson’s theory that the process of Conversion is classified into active/passive pattern and intra/ interindividual conversion, I attempt to show that the aspect of Bodhisattva’ conversion is changed from the model of ‘the active-intraindividual conversion’ to that of ‘the active-interindividual conversion’ which means that Bodhisattva realizes his identity with a good social relationship.

미용전공 대학생의 사회적 지지가 자발적 행동의도와 내현적 자기애에 미치는 영향

정의정,강나경 한국미용예술경영학회 2023 미용예술경영연구 Vol.17 No.2

This study investigated the effect of social support on voluntary behavioral intention and covert narcissism of beauty majoring college students, and by verifying the effect of social support on voluntary behavioral intention and covert narcissism of beauty majoring college students, voluntary behavioral intention and covert narcissism The purpose of this study is to find ways to improve social support as a way to positively change narcissism. The survey period was from October 10, 22 to December 27, 2022, and a survey was conducted targeting college students majoring in beauty. A total of 360 questionnaires were distributed, and the final 307 copies were used as analysis data, excluding 26 copies with insincere responses. The collected data were confirmed through frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 24.0 program. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that voluntary behavioral intention increased and covert narcissism decreased when social support was high. In order to increase social support, voluntary action must be induced through effective counseling and advice from professors, family, and friends. As a result, it is believed that job skills will be improved and successful job arrangements will be made. Social support induces an active life by reducing covert narcissism in college students majoring in beauty who are unstable, timid, and hypersensitive. It is also necessary to develop human resources by reducing job stress and depression. Through this study, it is judged that counseling with leadership can bring about positive changes to beauty majors. It was suggested that social support induces voluntary behavioral intention and suppresses covert narcissism to have the influence to succeed with a clear sense of purpose in beauty companies.