평화가 삶이 되는 ‘회복적 통일교육’ 교과목 개발: 비폭력대화와 북한 영화 리터러시를 중심으로

안지영 북한연구학회 2021 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.25 No.2

This study is about ‘restorative unification education’ designed as a result of practical research for the development of peace and unification education subjects at universities. Here, restorative education for unification means education for peace and unification based on the perspective of restorative justice. From the perspective of restorative justice, peace on the Korean Peninsula means that members of society feel a sense of responsibility and fully recover from the damage of division through voluntary and daily practice. And in the process, it is a process of restoring justice for all by peacefully restoring interpersonal relationships and communities. Therefore, the goal of restorative unification education is to nurture citizens with communication and coordination capabilities to restore peace on the Korean Peninsula from the effects of division. To this end, the communication theory and mediator education model based on Nonviolent Communication(NVC) were reconstructed. First, it forms a learning community in which a culture in which all members communicate sympathetically using principles and elements of NVC in a safe and equal circle structure works. Second, since exchanges have been cut off, we use the characteristics of North Korean films and images to critically understand social structure and culture, but also engage in experiential activities that empathize with residents’ consciousness and daily life. As learners experienced healing and recovery through empathic communication, their self-esteem and sense of community increased. At the same time, I became aware of my responsibilities as a member of the Korean Peninsula and began to ponder on daily practice for mutual prosperity and peace between the two Koreas. These results suggest that it is necessary to start education for unification from the practice of peace that restores one’s inner self and daily life. 본 연구는 대학에서의 평화·통일교육 교과목 개발을 위한 실행연구 결과 고안된 ‘회복적 통일교육’의 원리와 운영 사례에 대한 것이다. 여기서 회복적 통일교육은 회복적 정의 시각에 입각한 평화·통일교육을 의미한다. 회복적 정의 관점에서 볼 때 한반도 평화는 그 구성원들이 스스로 책임의식을 느끼며 자발적이고 일상적인 실천을 통해 분단 피해로부터 온전히 회복하는 것이고, 그 과정에서 개인 간 관계 및 남북 공동체를 평화롭게 회복함으로써 모두의 정의를 회복하는 과정이다. 따라서 회복적 통일교육은 분단의 폐해로부터 한반도 평화를 회복할 소통/갈등조정 역량을 기르는 교육이다. 이를 위해 비폭력대화의 이론 및 중재교육 모델을 재구성한 두 가지 방향을 제시하였다. 첫째, 구성원 모두가 안전하고 평등한 서클 구조에서 비폭력대화 원리와 요소를 활용해 공감적으로 소통하는 문화가 작동하는 배움공동체를 형성한다. 각자의 주관적 시선과 경험을 존중하면서 불편함과 갈등을 드러내길 환영하고 회복하는 평화 습관을 길러간다. 둘째, 남북 간 교류가 단절된 상황인만큼 북한 영화 및 영상이 가진 특징을 활용하여 사회구조와 문화를 비판적으로 이해하면서도 주민 의식과 일상을 공감하는 체험활동을 한다. 학습자들은 공감적 소통을 통해 치유와 회복을 경험하면서 자존감과 공동체의식이 높아졌다. 동시에 한반도 구성원으로서의 책임을 자각하면서 남북의 상생과 평화를 위한 일상에서의 실천을 고민하게 되었다. 이같은 결과는 자기 내면과 일상을 회복하는 평화의 실천으로부터 통일교육을 시작할 필요가 있다는 점을 시사한다.

상담자의 권위주의 성격과 사회정의 옹호역량의 관계에서 공감적 이해의 매개효과와 무조건적 자기수용의 조절효과

김보라,유성경 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2023 다문화사회연구 Vol.16 No.3

This study investigated the relationship between the authoritarian personalities of Korean therapists and their competence in social justice advocacy, with the objective of identifying influencing factors. A survey was administered to 217 therapists holding at least a second-degree certificate and affiliated with either the Korean Counseling Psychological Association or the Korean Counseling Association. This survey included measures for authoritarian personality, social justice advocacy competence, empathic understanding, and unconditional self-acceptance. After excluding outliers, data from 216 participants were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS MACRO. The results revealed that therapists who perceived themselves as more authoritarian demonstrated lower competence in social justice advocacy. Additionally, empathic understanding was identified as a mediator in the negative relationship between authoritarian personality and social justice advocacy competence. Moreover, therapists with high or average levels of unconditional self-acceptance had diminished social justice advocacy competence when they exhibited more authoritarian characteristics. The article concludes by discussing the implications of these findings and the study's limitations.

남아공 ‘진실과 화해 위원회(TRC)’를 통해 본 기독교적 정의와 화해 담론

윤형철 ( Yoon Hyung Chul ) 한국복음주의신학회 2017 성경과신학 Vol.83 No.-

What kind of Christian justice and reconciliation vision can be presented to the Korean society that is more desperate for justice than ever before by experiencing former president Park and her friend Choi’s manipulation of government affairs, which is unprecedented in constitutional history? The purpose of this paper is to explore the strategies and activities of the ‘Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa,’ which played a crucial role in the miracle of South Africa, and by so doing to find a basis for Christian justice and reconciliation discourse for our time and society. The TRC was established in order to end the period of apartheid discrimination and repression and to promote national unity and reconciliation. The TRC’s approach to clarifying the truth of past history and establishing a community of reconciliation can be summarized as ‘restorative justice’, ‘Ubuntu reconciliation’, and ‘integration into national memory through public storytelling’, Each of which, I believe, reflects Christian values and visions. First, the TRC tried to make victim, perpetrator, and community participate in achieving responsibility, healing and restoration of relationship by employing not the concept of ‘retributive justice’ but ‘restorative justice’. It corresponds to the ‘compassionate justice’ of God, who did not only look after the weak, the suffering and oppressed, but also free, comfort, forgive, justify, and sanctify sinners. Second, the TRC concept of reconciliation is based on the African concept of brotherhood and humanity, ‘Ubuntu’, which claims that the identity and dignity of any person or group can be formed only within a communal relationship and reciprocity. An indigenous idea of Ubuntu bears a close parallel to a biblical ‘Shalom’ in the way it views a broken world. But Shalom shows the Christian worldview clearly by declaring that any reconciliation and prosperity in this world is possible only through transcendence beyond this world. The vision of Shalom also would envision the abundant and prosperous eschatos of participation and fellowship, in which all the relationships of human life will be enjoying joy in perfect, harmonious and just order. Third, by publicly sharing the story of both the victims and the perpetrators of the apartheid, the TRC attempted to integrate their memories into the national memory. This is to forgive the sad history of the past but not forget it for the future. At the heart of the Christian community is the memory, commemoration, confession, and praise of God’s story of redemption. ‘Remembering’ is a way for Christians to integrate their stories into Jesus’ story and God’s redemptive history. Furthermore, Christians look forward to the redemption of memory in the final stage. These Christian ideas, which can be said to correspond to the three core concepts of the TRC process, would provide critical inspiration and insight into a Christian justice and reconciliation discourse for our time.

안녕하게 회복하는 ‘공감조정대화’ - 갈등을 기회로 상생하는 평화 습관

안지영 조선대학교 민주평화연구원 2024 민주평화연구 Vol.7 No.2

This study to find the principles and methods of communication that enable not only general communication but also conflict mediation. It aims to develop education to foster citizens’ communication capabilities as an effective means to enjoy a well-being and realize a peaceful society, namely ‘positive peace’ and ‘peace by peaceful means’ suggested by Johan Galtung. This study introduces 'Empathic Mediation Communication (EMC)', which integrates the principles and methods of Restorative Justice, Nonviolent Communication (NVC), Bodyfulness, and Restorative Circles. We often divide people's actions into 'good/bad' and deal with them as 'reward/punishment'. If we adopt the perspective of Restorative Justice and NVC, we see it not as ‘good/bad’ but as ‘is recovery sufficient/necessary?’ and respond with ‘thank you’ or ‘please.’ In EMC, empathy intelligence is personified as the subject of empathy, and the object of empathy includes both oneself and others. In addition, by including ‘a breathing(take care of self by breathing consciously)’ to each of the four elements of NVC (observe/feel/need/request) and incorporating mediation techniques, it was made possible to easily learn the basic capabilities of Bodyfulness and conflict mediation. The EMC process is a positive cycle of peace. This is because people accept the tension and pain resulting from differences and conflicts as a sign and opportunity for recovery, thereby restoring peace for themselves and society.