중국군으로 대일항전을 전개한 김홍일

한시준 ( Han Seejun ) 단국사학회 2018 史學志 Vol.57 No.-

Kim Hong-il was a Korean, yet participated in Chinese Army for nearly 30 years. He entered Guizhou Military Academy for Army (貴州陸軍講武學校: Guizhou Lujun Jiangwu Xuexiao) in 1919 for military training; since then till he came back to Korea in 1948, he served for Chinese army. For the time, Kim Hong-il participated in the Northern Expedition as a member of National Revolutionary Army (國民革命軍: Guomingemingjun); and during the Sino-Japanese War he fought against the Japanese empire as a commanding officer of Chinese army. His rank reached Brigadier General of Army (陸軍少將), and he passed through Army College (陸軍大學) which was the highest training course in Chinese Army. Besides the period in the early 1920’s in which Kim Hong-il served for Korean National Independence Army in Siberia, most of his military career was in Chinese Army. He started his Chinese Army career in 1926 as a major (小校) in the Eastern Rout Corps (東路軍) General Headquarter of National Revolutionary Army; he, then in sequence, took the posts of the vice-commander of an independent defence regiment in Zhejiang Province, the chief of staff and manager of arsenal of Wusong (吳淞) Fortress in Shanghai, the adjutant general of Army Engineering School in Nanjing, a member of Munition Planning Committee of Chinese Military Committee, the senior staff of Southwestern Government (西南綏靖公署) in Guizhou (貴州), the chief of staff in the 102nd division, the chief of staff of the 19th corps headquarter, the commander of the 19th division under the 19th corps, the chief of staff in the 2nd Army in Guilin (桂林), and the chief of staff of the Korean Liberation Army. After Japanese Empire surrendered, he took the office of the senior staff of the Northeastern Security Headquarter (東北保安司令部) which recovered Manchu area. Kim Hong-il participated in Northern Expedition and Sino-Japanese War as a member of Chinese Army. In 1926, he joined into National Revolutionary Army in Shantou (汕頭) of Guangdong Province, and fought against Warlord Sun Chuanfang in Fujian (福建), Shanghai (上海), and Hangzhou (杭州). Especially, he defeated Sun Chuanfang’s troops in Longtan (龍潭) nearby Nanjing; for this he received a medal from Guomintang Government. Since Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1937, he as a commanding officer fought several battles against Japanese army. Among them, the Battle of Wanjialing in October of 1938 and the Battle of Shanggao in March of 1941 represents the victories of Kim Hong-il as a commander. He participated in the Battle of Wanjialing as the chief of staff of the 102nd division, and in the Battle of Shanggao as the commanding general of the 19th division. He destroyed Japanese camp by firing mortars in Wanjialing; and he lured Japanese troops into a trap and besieged them in Shanggao. Especially, the Battle of Shanggao was one of China’s great notable victories in the history of Sino-Japanese War, and is known as ‘Shanggao Huizhan (上高會戰)’. Kim Hong-il’s activities should be highlighted as important examples of Chinese-Korean Anti-Japanese Alliance. During the first half of the 20th century, Korea and China shared a common fate fighting against the Japanese Empire, Korean and Chinese peoples allied together in various ways against Japanese army throughout Manchu and Chinese continent. One of the ways is that Koreans participated in Chinese Army in order to fight against the Japanese empire, like the case of Kim Hong-il. Thus, the historical cases in which Korean and Chinese peoples allied together against the Japanese empire should be discovered and researched.

金弘壹의 생애와 독립운동

김종문 한국근현대사학회 2014 한국 근현대사 연구 Vol.68 No.-

Kim Hong Il was an activist for Korean independence during the Japaneseoccupation of China, Manchuria, and the Maritime Province of Siberia. He joinedthe Chinese army for Korean independence after he was exiled to China andremained there until the liberation of Korea. Kim Hong Il was born on September 23rd, 1898 in Yongcheon, Pyeonganbukdo. He experienced the Russia-Japan war. He also learned the new knowledge andspirit of independence at Osan school. Since then, he took a teaching positionat Kyeongshin school in Hwanghae-do. In September 1918, Kim Hong Il exiled to China in order to participate inthe resistance against Japan after graduating from a Chinese military school. KimHong Il entered Guizhou military school and started his cooperation with Chinesearmy for Korean independence after graduation. In 1926, Kim Hong Il participated in the north expedition of Chinese NationalistParty. Kim Hong Il was appointed Major-General during this war. He wasdistinguished by his service at the battle of Yongdam and in the Jenam War. In 1937, he joined the Chinese army to fight against Japan. The battles heparticipated in such as the battles of Mangaryeong, Sango and the second battleof Jangsa were the most successful victories during the China-Japan war. Duringthis war, Kim Hong Il became Major-General which was the highest rank thatKorean activists participating in the Chinese army could achieve. He alsoparticipated in the Korean independence movement. The first was the armedresistance in Manchuria, and the Maritime Province of Siberia in 1920. He joinedthe Goryeo Volunteer Corps and the Korea Volunteer Corps re-organized aftertheir dismissal as a result of the catastrophe in Jayushi and started the fightagainst Japan until 1922. Kim Hong Il joined the Korean Patriot Organization and took an importantrole in fights with Lee Bong Chang and Yun Bong Gil. He supported a varietyof activities of the Korean Patriot Organization as a manager of Shanghai ArmoryIronworks. He was a director of the information department for the 19th regiment. The activities of Lee Bong Chang and Yun Bong Gil were made possible withthe explosives provided by Kim Hong Il. He was also involved with the ChosunNational Revolutionary Party by participating in establishing the Chosun VolunteerCorps. In May 1945, Kim Hong Il was appointed Deputy Chief of Korean Resistance. Despite the short duration of three months, he actively sought for cooperationbetween the Korean Resistance and the National Revolutionary Party. With Japan’s collapse on August 15th, 1945 Kim Hong Il headed north asSenior Deputy Chief under the North East Security Commandership. He establisheda judicial office to protect Koreans in the north as the Nationalist Party madean effort to take over the north eastern region. He also competed with the delegatesin China over the leadership in managing the Koreans in the region. His activityas an officer of the people’s Revolutionary Army proved to be meaningful whenhe protected the north eastern regions where the largest number of Koreanimmigrants lived. He became a specialist of the People’s Revolutionary Army and moved underits jurisdiction until returning to Korea on August 23rd, 1948 after more than30 years of living in exile. In summary, Kim Hong Il was active in both the Chinese army and the Koreanresistance from the beginning of his exile until its end. He participated in thebattles against Japan as a Chinese soldier and at the same time supported theKorean independence movement. By doing so the resistance was more stimulatedand the cooperation between Korean and Chinese people were enhanced. KimHong Il continued fighting against Japan as a resistance activist in China whileit was occupied by Japan and contributed to a strong bond between Korea and China.