왜 소비자는 블랙 프라이데이(Black Friday)의 대폭 할인에 열광하는가?

이진석,최자영 한국마케팅학회 2021 마케팅연구 Vol.36 No.2

Black Friday(BF) is globally famous for exceptional price discounts. Consumers are likely to purchase products aggressively on BF. This study explored the effect of BF’s deep discounts. We investigated how a deep discount in the context of BF have different influences on consumer responses in comparison with a deep discount in a general price discount promotion context. We also examined consumers’ psychological mechanism of these effects by focusing on affective information processing. We predicted that consumers will respond more positively to a deep discount on BF compared to a deep discount on Non-BF situation. We proposed the affective information processing as an underlying mechanism by which these effects occur. To test theoretical arguments we proposed, we conducted three experiments. In experiment 1, we confirmed that a deep discount on BF had a significantly greater impact on consumer responses than a deep price discount on Non-BF. In experiment 2a & 2b, we considered people’s personal deposition to trust as a moderating variable to precisely verify the role of affective information processing in the relationship between BF’s deep discounts and consumers responses. The results of both experiments showed that the effect of BF’s deep discounts affected by affective information processing worked only for consumers with high disposition to trust, but not for consumers with low disposition to trust. 블랙 프라이데이의 파격적인 가격할인은 세계적으로 유명하다. 소비자들은 블랙 프라이데이 기간에 적극적으로제품을 구매한다. 본 연구는 블랙 프라이데이의 대폭 할인 효과를 연구하였다. 먼저, 블랙 프라이데이의 대폭할인이 소비자 반응에 미치는 영향과 이 영향이 발생하는 소비자의 내적 과정을 감정적 정보처리방식에 주목하여살펴보았다. 본 연구는 소비자들이 일반 행사의 대폭 할인보다 블랙 프라이데이의 대폭 할인에 더 긍정적으로 반응할 것으로 예상하였다. 또한 이러한 효과를 발생하는 메커니즘으로 소비자의 감정적 정보처리과정을 제시하고검증하였다. 본 연구의 이론적 주장을 검증하기 위하여 3번의 실험연구를 진행하였다. 실험 1에서는 블랙 프라이데이의 대폭 할인이 일반 행사의 대폭 할인보다 소비자 반응에 더 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, 이러한 블랙 프라이데이의 대폭 할인 효과가 감정적 정보처리과정에 기인함을 확인하였다. 실험 2a와 실험 2b에서는 감정적 정보처리과정의 역할을 면밀하게 검증하기 위하여 개인 특성 요소인 신뢰수준을 조절 변수로 투입하여 연구하였다. 연구결과, 감정적 정보처리과정에 따른 블랙 프라이데이의 대폭 할인 효과가 신뢰성향이 높을 때는 나타났고, 신뢰성향이 낮을 때는 나타나지 않았다.

일반논문 : 로버트 하인라인의 『프라이데이』와 존 쿳시의 『포』의 비교 -유토피아의 담론을 중심으로

정익순 ( Ik Soon Chung ) 한국비교문학회 2010 比較文學 Vol.50 No.-

로버트 하인라인의 『프라이데이』와 존 쿳시의 『포』의 비교 - 유토피아의 담론을 중심으로

정익순 한국비교문학회 2010 比較文學 Vol.0 No.50

This thesis studies the philosophical and literal particularities between Friday and Foe. These two works have the general temper of utopian world or future world that has been critically twisted from the original work, Robinson Crusoe. Friday is an SF novel in which Robert Heinlein created the character Friday who is a mechanical woman living the actual world in the future society and moving from the planet to the outer space world for her freedom. John Coetzee's Foe is a rewriting of Robinson Crusoe and he creates a female Susan castaway who comes to realize the necessity of rereading the original accident between Robinson and Friday. Here I pointed out that people have an interest in saying that everybody knows this. And we know that everybody recognizes this or that nobody can deny it. In this sense the literal and philosophical thoughts from the ancient to the contemporary have different images of thought, borrowed from the pure element of common senses between two men on the ideal but primitive society. And according to this images, thought out of the original work has an affinity with the true in the possible world. So it is the image of thought that everybody knows and is presumed to know what it means to think. The event between Robinson and Friday is not what occurs an accident, it is rather inside what occurs implicitly and explicitly. Event gives us signal. And the actor represents, but what he represents is always in the future and already in the past, whereas his representation is divided as a metaphysical epistemology from the ideal world Plato imagined in his Nation. Therefore it is available for us to understand what is the ubiquitous difference from actualization and imagination of philosophical and literal discourse in debating utopian concept.

결정적 사건 기법을 이용한 소비자의 블랙 프라이데이 쇼핑 경험에 관한 연구 -미국 대학생 소비자의 응답을 중심으로-

심수인 ( Soo In Shim ) 복식문화학회 2014 服飾文化硏究 Vol.22 No.2

Black Friday, a biggest holiday shopping season in the United States, has been regarded as a great opportunity that fashion retailers can dramatically increase their sales· However, there has been a lack of attention to consumers’ shopping experiences on Black Friday from the consumer perspectives· The objective of this study is to explore consumer shopping experiences on Black Friday, in terms of consumer responses toward the experiences, shopping values, and any possible factors influencing the experiences· The method of critical incident technique was used with 198 critical incidents extracted from 165 responses of university students in the United States· As results, the shopping experiences on Black Friday were categorized into positive vs· negative shopping experiences· After that, the positive and negative experiences were respectively divided into two common themes: utilitarian shopping value vs· hedonic shopping value· In addition to the common themes, 12 categories were also emerged· Among positive experiences, utilitarian shopping experiences includes two categories of off-price shopping and shopping for expensive products, whereas hedonic shopping experiences includes three categories of impulse buying, holiday atmosphere, and shopping for the latest or luxury brand products· Among negative experiences, utilitarian shopping experiences includes four categories of modest discounts, out of stock, time-consuming queues, and fatigue of holiday shopping, while hedonic shopping experiences includes three categories of crowded environments, compulsive buying, and poorly managed stores· In conclusion, it is notable that consumer can undergo negative as well as positive shopping experiences on Black Friday· Implications and suggestions are also discussed·

사건, 사유 그리고 웃음의 함수 관계 - Friday를 중심으로

정익순 한국비교문학회 2010 比較文學 Vol.0 No.52

It was a disaster when Robinson was wrecked into the desert island. The island was a society where no civilization is existed by human beings. The processes that Robinson had lived was like the story of salvation or the new world where mankind can live happily but which just excites human's curiosity. With his knowledge he thought that there were no men which drew him into the problem of others. Something that happened on an island was the accident that conceptualized another one or conflicted this with that to know what was the problem. We know that the concept of the incident was not represented implicitly from the story. And we have already recognized that the story of Robinson Crusoe had the same incident but differently from Tournier's Friday. In a sense Robinson had to change his situation regarding to the problem of being with Friday. But this is the theme where Robinson had another story line in an incomplete society. At last his life style and balance of living with Friday broke only to make his readers laugh. This thesis has a point to concentrate themes on Deleuze and Bergson's philosophical position. It is an effect because we know their expectation. But when the scene and the story were fit for the interest of them the incidents changed into the twisted story at the same time. There are many actions we can not cause them to understand the logical explanation. These are the creative instrumental tools someday somebody makes another story line in their novels. In Deleuze's philosophy, there has always been regarded as a very delicate problem for all presuppositions. These presuppositions are as much subjective as objective. Here this thesis tries to know that how by objective presuppositions we can get understood the concepts explicitly presupposed by a given incident. According to this hypothesis we understand that the true philosophical difference is in-itself already repetition between the relation of Robinson and Friday in Friday. Again the event is not what occurs an accident. It is rather inside what occurs as an incident purely expressed in a relation. Event gives us signal and awaits us. Event is that we must understand what happened in it. And the actor represents, but what he represents is always in the future and already in the past, whereas his representation is impassible and divided, unfolded without being ruptured, neither acting nor being acted upon. Anyway Friday actualizes the event, but in a way which is entirely different from the actualization of the event with the functional relation.

사건, 사유 그리고 웃음의 함수 관계 -Friday를 중심으로

정익순 ( Ik Soon Chung ) 한국비교문학회 2010 比較文學 Vol.52 No.-

Diving into the Wreck: Diving into Coetzee’s Foe

김경숙 현대영미어문학회 2023 현대영미어문학 Vol.41 No.1

The question how one can represent the other has long been an ethical dilemma haunting the field of postcolonial studies. J. M. Coetzee’s Foe materializes the body of the suffering other as the shape of the wreck sunk at the bottom of the sea and as the body engraved with the scar as the symptom of pain. The last part of Foe explores the possibility of diving into this sunken wreck and encountering the suffering body in it, while warning against the danger of words which might distort the meaning and position of the other. Focusing mainly on the very ending of Coetzee’s Foe in which the unnamed narrator literally dives into the text/wreck and gropes around Friday’s body, this essay examines the possibility in which the reader also encounters and feels the body of the other in pain, symbolized in Friday in the text of Coetzee’s Foe. This rereading hinges upon a reinterpretation of Friday’s silence as a symbolic resistance.

드러리 레인 플레이빌 연구(2)

전준택(Joon-taek Jun) 한국셰익스피어학회 2018 셰익스피어 비평 Vol.54 No.1

This article focuses on three tasks to look into Sheridan’s strategy toward Drury Lane’s playbill of 29 Jan. 1781, consisting of Garrrick’s Florizel and Perdita and Sheridan’s pantomime, Robinson Crusoe and Harlequin Friday. First, to stage Whig political propaganda, Sheridan chose Florizel and Perdita as it became associated with the inappropriate love affair of Prince of Wales and the actress who played the role of Perdita, Mary Robinson. Second, Sheridan intended to satire inappropriateness of George III’s foreign affairs and the Tory policies promoting the legitimacy of the hereditary power. Thus he chose DeFoe’s novel as an Opening of the first part of his pantomime as it was a text embodying both European colonial and nationalist rhetoric, symbolic of beating Spain out of the New World. Third, to upstage George III and the Tory and their policies, Sheridan finally downstaged an uncanny resemblance between the fundamental traits of Friday/Harlequin and himself. Friday/Harlequin/Sheridan humiliated Spanish culture and religion which its contemporary audience would have recognized as the satires of the Tory. Thus after the premiere of the playbill of 1781, Sheridan began to be considered as Harlequin advocating constitutional authority and representative government, middle class values and abolition.

Listening for the Subaltern's Mutilated Voice/Silence: J. M. Coetzee's Foe

김경숙 현대영미어문학회 2009 현대영미어문학 Vol.27 No.1

This essay examines the critical/ethical question of "speaking for the subaltern," reading Coetzee's Foe― especially Friday―as an allegory for the subaltern's voice/silence. Although his tongue is mutilated/mutelated against his will, Friday's silence should not be read as his inability to communicate but as his unique way of communication or his voluntary rejection of it. Susan's final disillusionment of the language's/ narrative's magic power to conjure the island and its "substantiality" represents Coetzee's demythification of the immediacy and transparency of language. Refusing to speak the Master's language can be seen as an extreme form of rebellion; Friday's silence can be seen as the last fort not contaminated by colonial force. The last scene of the novel in which the unnamed narrator enters Friday through his mouth in order to listen for his story instead of remaining outside and speaking for him suggests such a possibility to listen for the subaltern not penetrating or interrupting their space. Now, the issue of "speaking for" the subaltern should be replaced by that of "listening for" the subaltern, who might be speaking by using the body instead of tongue, or to whom "silence" can be a form of articulation.

아일랜드 역사 : 아일랜드의 역사 기억: 1798년 반란 기억하기

김종원 ( Jong Won Kim ) 영국사학회 2005 영국연구 Vol.13 No.-

In 1798 Ireland was shook by a mass rebellion for democratic rights and against British rule. The product of the rebellion came in January 1801 in the form of the Act of Union with Great Britain. The 1798 rebellion was an important moment in Irish history. And 1798 has a history of commemoration, as well as a history of itself. By 1898 all Irish nationalists recognised the year 1798 as a watershed in Irish history. They were intent on celebrating the rebellion with their own ceremonies and the erection of monuments throughout Ireland. An alliance of Catholic and constitutional nationalist forces played the leading roles in the 1798 centenary celebrations. However, constitutional nationalists preferred to ignore the deep ambiguity of these monuments which clearly commemorate a violent and bloody popular rising. The Catholic church preferred to ignore the secularist republicanism and interpret the rebellion as a fight for `Faith and Fatherland`. The bicentenary, coinciding with the `Peace process`, attracted considerable discussion, the holding of conferences, and a high level of interest in the TV documentaries and books published around the event. There were also an excellent response to the three major exhibitions on 1798-Up in Arms at the Ulster Museum in Belfast, and Fellowship of Freedom at the National Museum in Collins Barracks, and the permanent display at The National 1798 Centre in Enniscorthy. In the bicentenary year of the 1798 Rebellion, the Irish Government set out to avoid what they identified as a flaw in the commemorations of 1898, 1938 and 1948. That is the excessive emphasis on the Catholic nationalist version of the rebellion which saw 1798 only as a crusade for `Faith and Fatherland`. They saw the living principles of the United Irishmen as their pursuit of democracy, of pluralism, of non-sectarianism, their optimism about Ireland`s economic potenial. 200 years later 1798 continues to loom over Irish politics.