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서울지역 초등학교 5, 6학년 학생의 수업 교시와 총에너지소비량
김미정,나현주,김영남 한국교원대학교 교육연구원 2010 敎員敎育 Vol.26 No.6
The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of class hour in school on daily activities‘ time and energy spent in primary school students. The data for 2 days of the 4, 6 class hour gathered from the 5th and 6th grade 386 students in Seoul were analyzed. The types of activity were divided into in school activiy and out of school activity, and out of school activity was divided into study, rest, leisure, commuting, household choir, and personal hygiene. The students spent 2300㎉/day in the class hour of 4 and 2230㎉/day in the class hour of 6, and activity coefficient was 1.73, 1.67, respectively. The most affected activity on time and energy spent was the leisure by the class hour in school. The activity coefficient of in school activity was 1.8, which is not reach to low intensity activity. The 35% of the students was classified as low active level, and 40% was active level according to 4 levels of activity determined by the 1 day average of activity coefficient. The effect of environmental factors on total energy expenditure and energy expenditure of individual activities were analyzed. Total energy expenditure were higher in 6th grade than 5th grade, in boys than girls, and in over-weight & obese than under-weight group. Among the out of school activities, energy expenditure in study and household choir were not different by grade, gender, and obesity. On the other hand, energy expenditure in rest & leisure were significantly different by gender and obesity. 본 연구는 초등학교 5, 6학년 학생을 대상으로 학교에서의 수업 시수 차이에 따른 학외활동의 소비시간 변화와 활동종류별 평균활동계수를 파악하여 초등학생의 활동량을 증가시킬 수 있는 방안 마련의 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 초등학생의 활동 내역을 사전 조사하여 기존의 인터넷 프로그램을 보완한 다음, 서울시내 거주 초등학교 5, 6학년 학생 386명을 대상으로 인터넷 프로그램을 활용하여 4교시 수업일과 6교시 수업일의 활동별 소비시간을 조사하였다. 활동의 종류는 학내활동과 학외활동으로 구분하고, 학외활동은 학습, 휴식, 여가, 통학, 가사, 생리 활동으로 구분하였다. 총에너지소비량은 4교시 수업일 2300㎉, 6교시 수업일 2230㎉로 조사되었으며, 1일 평균활동계수는 각각 1.73, 1.67로, 6교시 수업일이 4교시 수업일보다 낮았다. 학교에서의 수업시간이 길어지면 여가활동의 시간 및 소비 에너지가 가장 많이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 학내활동의 활동 강도는 평균활동계수(PAL)가 1.8 가량으로 저강도 활동(PAL = 2.0~2.9)에 미치지 못하는 것으로 확인되었다. 활동실태를 4단계 활동수준으로 분류하였을 때, 조사 대상 학생의 35% 가량은 저활동적 단계, 40% 가량은 활동적 단계로 밝혀졌다. 총에너지소비량은 6학년이 5학년보다, 남자가 여자보다 많았으며, 과체중 및 비만, 정상, 저체중 집단의 순으로 나타났다. 학외활동 가운데 학습활동과 가사활동의 소비 에너지는 학년별, 성별, 비만도 집단별 차이가 없었으며, 휴식활동과 여가활동의 소비 에너지는 학년별 차이는 없고, 성별, 비만도 집단별 차이는 있었다.
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심민영,김기창 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 産業技術硏究 Vol.20 No.A
In this work we measured the total pressure of the aqueous solutions and the methanol-water solutions dissolved with inorganic salts, at 25℃. In organic electrolytes used in this work were K₂SO₄and (NH₄)₂SO₄. Using the measured vapour pressures the activity coefficient of solvents and the mean ionic activity coefficient were obtained through thermodynamic relations. The activity coefficients of solvent and the mean ionic activity coefficirnt obtained in this work were fitted with Macedo's model and Acard's model. Both two models were good agreeable to the vapor pressure and the mean ionic activity coefficient for the electroyte aqueous solutions. For electrolyte /methanol/water solutions, Macedo's model had much deviation from experimental data, while Acard's model showed a good agreement with experimental data.
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심민영(Shim Min Young),김기창(Kim Ki Chang) 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 産業技術硏究 Vol.20 No.1
In this work we measured the total pressure of the aqueous solutions and the methanol-water solutions dissolved with inorganic salts, at 25℃. In organic electrolytes used in this work were K₂SO₄and (NH₄)₂SO₄. Using the measured vapour pressures the activity coefficient of solvents and the mean ionic activity coefficient were obtained through thermodynamic relations. The activity coefficients of solvent and the mean ionic activity coefficirnt obtained in this work were fitted with Macedo’s model and Acard’s model. Both two models were good agreeable to the vapor pressure and the mean ionic activity coefficient for the electroyte aqueous solutions. For electrolyte /methanol/water solutions, Macedo’s model had much deviation from experimental data, while Acard’s model showed a good agreement with experimental data.
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