유형과 비례로 본 전통건축 중 중층 목조건축의 조형성에 관한 연구

김왕직,조현정 한국기초조형학회 2016 기초조형학연구 Vol.17 No.1

The aim of this study is to figure out the formativeness of multi-roofed wooden building. For this purpose the types were classified and the study analyzed proportion system of 4 formative elements including diminishing, eaves protruding, floor height and slope of a roof. These 4 elements are important formative principle in the determination of cross-section dimension at the multi-roofed wooden building design. The research subjects were 52 buildings including national treasures, treasures, important folk data and historical sites among state-designated cultural properties. Among them, palace and government buildings were 17 together with 7 Buddhist buildings, 4 Confucius buildings and 24 residential buildings. Precedent studies focused on government buildings and Buddhist buildings, but this study included residential buildings too. As for research methodology, the site visit was conducted and precise measurement survey report, repair work report, drawings and other related documents were studied and analyzed. In doing so, multi-roofed wooden buildings were classified into 6 types based on floor section, type of inter-roofed and diminishing followed by review of formative elements. As a result, the types of multi-roofed wooden buildings were classified into inter-floor roof type, inter-floor banister type, non-addition type. Inter-floor roof type was specified again into internal-external multi-roofed type, internal single floor type and multiple roof type. And non-addition type was specified into Gongsimdon type and half-floor type. As for studies on existing multi-roofed wooden building, there was no mention on non-addition type. But as this study reviewed types focusing on formativeness, the non-addition type was included in residential house or symbolic building which accounted for large portion in Hanok design. In formative elements, area and height had regular proportion, and it was found that slope of a roof and eaves protruding were relatively free. As for area, if the lower floor was 100%, upper floor accounted for 42%~44% for Onkanmulim and for 55%~78% for Bankanmulim. As for height, lower floor in the interior-exterior multi-roofed type was higher than upper floor. Thus, the height of use area of upper area was 1/2~2/3 over the height of lower floor. To the contrary, in the inter-floor banister type, upper floor was central space of the building than lower floor, the height between upper and lower floors was similar, and some buildings had higher upper floor. In the half-floor type which is residential building, while it was seen as a single floor building from outside, it was multi-roofed building with low height both upper and lower floor. 본 연구는 중층 목조건축의 조형성을 파악하기 위해 유형을 분류하고 4가지 조형요소인 체감(遞減), 처마내밀기, 층고(層 高), 지붕경사인 물매의 비례체계 분석을 목적으로 한다. 이 네 가지는 중층 목조건축 설계에서 단면 치수 결정에 중요한조형원리이기 때문이다. 연구대상은 국가지정문화재 중 국보, 보물, 중요민속자료, 사적에 속하는 52건이다. 이 중 궁궐및 관영건축이 17건, 불교건축 7건, 유교건축 4건, 주거건축 24건이다. 기존 연구에서는 관영건축과 불교건축 중심이었으나 본 연구에서는 주거건축까지 포함시켰다. 연구방법은 현지답사와 정밀실측조사보고서, 보수공사보고서, 도면 등 관련 문헌을 통하여 연구, 분석하였다. 이를 통해 층 구분, 층간유형, 체감 유무를 기준으로 중층 목조건축의 유형을 6가지로 분류하고 조형적 요소를 검토했다. 그 결과 중층 목조건축의 유형은 층간지붕형, 층간난간형, 무첨형으로 구분 가능하고, 층간지붕형은 다시 내외중층형, 내부통층형, 다중지붕형, 무첨형은 공심돈형과 반층형으로 세분했다. 기존의 중층 목조건축 관련 연구에서는 무첨형에 대한 언급이 없었으나 본 연구에서는 조형성을 중심으로 유형을 검토하므로 한옥 설계에서 많은 비중을 차지하는 살림집이나 상징적 건물은 무첨형을 포함시켰다. 조형요소에서 면적과 높이는 일정한 비례가나타나며 지붕물매와 처마내밀기는 비교적 자유로웠던 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 면적은 하층이 100%인 경우 온칸물림은 상층이 42%~44%, 반칸물림은 상층이 55~78%로 나타났다. 높이는 내외중층형 하층이 상층보다 높아 상층 사용공간의 높이가 하층의 높이에 비해 1/2~2/3 수준이었다. 반면 층간난간형은 하층보다 상층이 해당건물의 중심공간이므로상하층의 높이가 거의 비슷하거나 오히려 높은 건물들도 볼 수 있었다. 반층형은 모두 거주형으로 외부에서 봤을 때는 단층건물로 보이나 내부는 중층건물로 상하층의 높이가 낮았다.

道岬寺大雄寶殿의 造營에 관한 硏究 : 전통중층목조건축의 주칸설정과 상층체감기법을 중심으로

신웅주,이봉수,박강철 한국농촌건축학회 2011 농촌건축 : 한국농촌건축학회논문집 Vol.13 No.1

중층 및 고층 목조 건축물의 하이브리드 시스템 유형 분석

김윤미(Kim, Yoon-Mi),김영민(Kim, Yeong-Min) 대한건축학회 2022 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.38 No.11

The hybrid systems of timber buildings were classified into three types according to the composite and combination types: member level, sub-system level, and structural system level. The member level hybrid system is achieved when more than two structural materials including timber are composed to make a single member. A sub-system level hybrid system is achieved when various material types of structural members are mixed to make a single sub-structure. And a structural system level hybrid system is achieved when several sub-systems are combined to make a complete structural system. There were 44 cases of mid and high-rise timber buildings analyzed according to these three hybrid types. Sub-system and structural system level hybrid systems showed more application ratios than the member level hybrid system. As a building becomes taller, the system level hybrid system showed more application ratio. The combination tendency of the structural material showed that the combination of timber and concrete showed the highest application ratio, and that the timber, concrete, and steel showed half of that. As the building becomes taller, the combination of timber, concrete, and steel showed more application ratio to achieve more structural performance.

전통 중층문루의 유형별 특성에 관한 연구

박강철,신웅주 대한건축학회지회연합회 2010 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.12 No.2

전통 중층문루의 유형별 특성에 관한 연구

박강철,신웅주 대한건축학회지회연합회 2010 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.12 No.1

傳統 重層木造建築物의 構造解析에 관한 硏究

남병선(Nam Byung-Sun),신웅주(Shin Woong-Ju),박강철(Park Kang-Chul) 대한건축학회 2010 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.26 No.5

This study classified existent traditional wooden buildings with multi-roof into three types depending on the structural type, selected the representative architecture by types and interpreted their structures and conducted mathematical analysis. The results of this study are as follows. Traditional wooden buildings with multi-roof were classified into the whole -kan high columns type, half-kan corner high columns type, and half-kan beams type by the constructive traits and three dimensional pattern of upper story variation column. It was confirmed through structural interpretation using MIDAS/GEN that Pungnammun of the whole-kan high columns type had the stable system against tolerance and main temple of Bupjusa temple with the half-kan beams type needed separate reinforcement equipment because its shear strength exceeded tolerance. In addition, while Pungnammun of the whole-kan high columns type had much shear strength and moment against roof load, Sungnyemun of the half-kan corner high columns type had efficient structural system against roof load, and high column and flat column share similar load.

예제에 의한 숭례문과 팔달문의 중층구조 차이에 관한 연구

오규성(Oh, Kyusung),김왕직(Kim, Wang-Jik) 대한건축학회 2015 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.31 No.10

The purpose of this study was to reinterpret the structures of Sungnyemun and Paldalmun through the analysis of the royal ritual. Both buildings were gates of the main cities in the Joseon dynasty which was used as a ruling place by the king in the late 18th century. For this alter of use, it turned out that Sungnyemun utilized its existing structure but had limitations while on the other hand, Paldalmun was thoroughly planned from the start on top of earlier experiences. The results of the analysis are as follows; firstly, as a result of differences in the circulation systems Sungnyemun used the lower floor as the ruling place while Paldamun used the upper floor, secondly, the opening size of the upper floor of Paldalmun was influenced by both Sungnyemun and Donhwamun. This enabled the lower floor to be uninfluenced by the king and led to reinforcing the offensive functions in frontal parapets of Paldalmun. Thirdly, Paldalmun gained the center alignment between the outer stairway and the side entrance. Fourthly, the inner staircase of Paldalmun was made under the principles of confucian and practicalism. Fifthly, the knee-brace-type-beam structure was adapted by most of multi-floored gates because of its usefulness of installing the inner staircase. Lastly, while the exterior model of Paldalmun can be defined as Sungnyemun, the model building that influenced the interior space planning is assumed to be Donhwamun.

중층목조건축의 가구유형별 취약부위 분석 연구

조현정(Cho, Hyun-Jung),김상협(Kim, Sang-Hyup),노현균(Noh, Hyeon-Kyun),김호수(Kim, Ho-Soo),정성진(Jung, Sung-Jin),김왕직(Kim, Wang-Jik),김덕문(Kim, Derk-Moon) 대한건축학회 2014 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.30 No.3

Multi-roofed historic wooden building "connection" and "special proportion" of the load according to the delivery system may be different. Layer and the layer again, and that there is a special proportional single layer than building Multi-roofed historic wooden building will be the reason for severe deformation. In this paper, we present a Multi-roofed historic wooden building in Korea in connection with the special classified on the basis of proportional type, susceptible parts to organized the structure, and the techniques used to reinforcement the study aims to. As a result, depending on the type of connection that specific proportion and was able to find similarities and differences.

중층 목조건축을 위한 프리패브 전단벽 시스템 개발

방성준(Sung-Jun Pang),안경선(Kyung-Sun Ahn),이한식(Han Shik Lee),오정권(Jung-Kwon Oh) 대한건축학회 2020 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.40 No.2

보림사 대웅보전의 조영에 관한 연구

신웅주(Shin Woong-Ju),박강철(Park Gang-Chul) 대한건축학회 2010 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.26 No.5

This study examines the history and construction of main sanctuary of Borimsa temple and analyzes establishment of Bay of columns and setback technique in upper stories through comparison with other wooden architectures built in the same age. The results are as follows. 1. Architectural activities for rebuilding the main sanctuary of Borimsa temple were confirmed in ≪Record of Rebuilding Borimsa Temple≫. 2. The main sanctuary of Borimsa temple showed high probability to be rebuilt or reconstructed on the same site by the interpretation of the word 'destroyed house' and later dates in ≪Record of Rebuilding Borimsa Temple≫. 3. It was found that the site had Bay of columns applied to the ancient laminated structure and showed different layout of main sections from other wooden architectures built in the 17th century. 4. It was considered that the main sanctuary of Borimsa temple had relatively wider quadrangular aisle attached than other royal palaces, the width of quadrangular aisle attached was maintained as it is, its length was adjusted from the width of quadrangular aisle attached which was Setback in upper stories and then setback proportion of structure was fitted.