홀(Hall)의 이문화 요인과 한·중국 청년의 커뮤니케이션(협상) 비교분석

이제홍 한국국제상학회 2018 국제상학 Vol.33 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences between Korean and Chinese cultures in Hall(1976). Korean and Chinese cultural differences researchers analyzed the difference between Korean and Chinese youth by distinguishing between communication, time concept, face-to-face, space use, human relationship centering, and foreign SNS utilization. Research design, data, methodology : The purpose of this study is to analyze the types of negotiation according to different cultural factors in China. We used 7 Likert scale and 7 Likert scale. The data were analyzed using Excell and SPSS 23.0 program. The mean difference of factor was analyzed.Analysis and independent sample T-test. Results : The results of this study show that Korea is more communicative than China and is almost at the same level in terms of time. In terms of face-to-face factors, China tends to emphasize face rather than Korea. In terms of space utilization, China has more free and open use of space than Korea. However, the positiveness of human relations shows that Korea is very important for human relations. Also, according to the use level of SNS with foreigners, Koreans are passive in using SNS with foreigners, whereas China is more active in using SNS with foreigners than Korea. Conclusions : There are some factors that have the same identity as the factors that change the cultural factors of Korea and Chinese youth, and some have different cultural factors. In particular, in terms of spatial concepts and human relations, Korea is evolving into an individualist, western-oriented tendency. Accordingly, it is desirable for Korea to focus on more personal creative activities and thinking. 동일한 문화권인 한국과 중국의 이문화간에도 일정한 차이가 존재할 것이라는 가정을 두고, 본 연구는 Hall(1976)의 고배경문화와 저배경문화 요인을 결정 구분하여, 한국과 중국의이문화 유형차이를 연구하는데 있다. 한중 이문화 차이 연구요인들은 의사소통, 시간관념, 체면중시, 공간활용, 인간관계중심성, 그리고 외국인과이 SNS 활용성을 구분하여 한국과 중국의청년들을 대상으로 차이를 분석하였다. 이러한 차이를 검증을 통해 한중 이문화 차이점을 밝혀내고, 이를 비즈니스 커뮤니케이션(협상)에 활용하는데 필요한 학술적 자료를 얻는데 있다. 한국과 중국 청년의 이문화 차이 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 의사소통 요인은 한국은 중국보다 더 의사소통에 자유롭고, 시간관념 측면에서는 거의 동일한 수준에 있다. 체면중시 요인을보면 한국보다 오히려 중국이 체면을 중시하는 경향을 보이고 있으며, 공간활용측면에서도 중국은 한국보다 공간활용을 보다 자유롭고 오픈된 활용을 하고 있다. 그러나 인간관계에 대한적극성은 한국이 매우 인간관계성을 중요시 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 외국인과의SNS 활용 수준을 보면 한국인은 외국인과 SNS활용에 소극적인 반면 중국은 한국보다 더 외국인과의 SNS활용에 적극적인 것으로 나타났다.

‘홍익인간(弘益人間)’ 이념과 다문화사회

정성식 영산대학교 동양문화연구원 2023 동양문화연구 Vol.39 No.-

The purpose of this study is to review the ‘Hongik Human’ ideology and re-examine its meaning, and to connect it with today's multicultural society to explore implications for peace and coexistence from a multicultural perspective. The ‘Hongik Human’ ideology has played a significant role in the history of Koreans, deeply embedded in the history of Korean thought from the Dangun era to the present, as a major context in the founding myth of our people with a long history. The ideology of ‘Hongik Human’ with these characteristics can be sufficiently established as an ideological basis for promoting cultural convergence in a modern multicultural society. The ‘Hongik Human’ ideology contains the ideal of coexistence that any human being should be able to enjoy the benefits given by heaven without discrimination. For example, it is a world where opposing things coexist, like a world where bears and tigers can live in one cave. In the ideology of the ‘Hongik Human’, it is not self-righteousness that only I am right or self-existence that only I exist, but harmony and coexistence that we should live in harmony with each other based on the universality of truth are deeply embedded. In Dangun mythology, heaven, earth, and humans appear in order. Humans are born in the form of a heavenly soul planted in a land existence. Sky, land, and humans symbolize different cultures, suggesting a typical pattern of a multicultural society in which each culture is fused to form a new culture. In the Dangun myth, the birth of Dangun can be said to mean the combination of heterogeneous cultures. The archetypal implications of multiculturalism are inherent in this myth, which embraces different opponents and their cultures and sustains communities in an orderly manner. Today, as globalization and informatization have emerged as a huge trend in the global community, they are undergoing rapid changes in various fields such as social, political, economic, cultural, and religious. At this time, we need experts in each field to work together to find ways to more actively and actively utilize the wisdom of tradition obtained from the ‘Hongik Human’ ideology.

탈 이데올로기 시대 기업 경영의 가톨릭 이념적 조망 -인간성 회복 경영문화의 정착을 위하여-

김석회 한국인간관계학회 2003 한국인간관계학보 Vol.8 No.1

바람직한 광주건축문화 창출을 위한 전제

양상욱 호남대학교 산업기술연구소 2013 녹색산업연구 Vol.19 No.1

“Framework Act on Building” established by law on December 21, 2007 and took an effect on June 22, 2008 is the supreme law as far as Building Act is concerned. And the law stipulates obligations such as regulation of architecture principles, metropolitan council’s architectural policy and setting 5-year-unit planning relating to the policy. Creating architecture culture can be focused on individual architecture point or handled as constituents that form a space environment like urban improvement. And a status as “Fundamental law” is variable depending on the view point. In this study, we will investigate desirable premise through precedent set by the developed counties regardless of each architectural case or space environment formation. And examining conditions for creating architecture culture contribute to quality of life and improving the dignity of Gwang-ju. 2007.12.21 제정 이듬해 2008.6.22일 시행된 건축기본법은 건축에 관한 최상위법으로 건축이념의 규정과, 광역자치단체의 건축정책과 관련 5년 단위의 계획책정을 의무사항으로 규정하고 있다. 『기본법』은 후대에게 물려줄 수 있는 바람직한 건축문화 창출을 개별적 건축사항에 중점을 둘 것인가 혹은 도시나 시가지정비 등과 같은 공간 환경을 형성하는 요소로 취급할 것인가에 따라 기본법으로써 위상은 크게 달라진다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 개별건축사항 혹은 공간 환경의 형성에 상관없이 공통으로 그 전제로서 중요한 것은 무엇인가를 선진 도시건축사례를 통해 정리하고 삶을 질, 광주시의 품격형성에 기여할 수 있는 도시‧건축문화 창출의 전제에 대해 모색하였다.

한민족의 마음원형과 교육전통

목영해 ( Young Hai Mok ) 한국교육철학학회 2014 교육철학연구 Vol.36 No.4

People who accept other culture try to do it on a base of their own one. When comes to adopting the culture, we could name the base ‘mind archetype’. We are able to find the archetype out on the a primitive religion and myths. The contemporary Koreans takes it for granted that Buddhism and Confucianism are traditional thought and religion of Korean, and the educational tradition of Korean. However, Buddhism and Confucianism in Korean culture are technically, only a religion and a thought which transmitted from the other culture, and Korean have been adopted them within ‘Korean mind archetype’. We can find ‘Korean mind archetype’ out on ‘Musok(巫俗)’ which is Korean shamanism, and the ‘Dangun-shinhwa(檀君神話) which is the myth for Korean founder. ‘Human centered’ is the distinctive characteristic of Korean Musok. Dangun-shinhwa’ shows ‘Human centered thought’ like the Musok. On the Musok and the myth, we can find that the ‘Human centered’ is absolutely one of ‘Korean mind archetype’ ‘Priority of practice’ is another distinctive characteristic of Korean Musok. Dangun-shinhwa’ has a ‘practice prioritized’ thought as well. So ‘the priority of practice’ is sure to be another ‘Korean mind archetype’. Korean Buddhism have been grown upon and within the two kind of Korean mind archetype’, and Korean Confucianism has advanced on and within the Korean mind archetype as well. Person who studied the neo-Confucianism in Korea is called the ‘SunBi(士)’, and the Sunbi is a traditional figure of educated person in Korea. The SunBi was encouraged to cultivate and amuse the Pungru(風流) which refers to esthetically enjoying of drawing, singing, playing musical instrument and dancing. Most of Korean of now think that the SunBi is not appropriate to the modern industrial society, because of ignoring the instrumental value and goods, and overestimating the value of sprit. The educated person in the digital society is required to get features such as a person who knows how to conduct information, a person who has the digital literacy which include relative, critical thinking ability, a ethical person, a person who holds flexible-multi identity. The SunBi is an expert of treating information and knowledge. And he intensively studies disciplines which developed upon inter-relative logics, and he has proficiency on esthetical practice, holds critical mind. The SunBi tries to get and keeps ‘mind nothing(無我)’. Therefore, we can tell that the SunBi is appropriate enough to be the educated person in the digital era. And the Korean mind archetype causes the SunBi to obtain suitability for the new society.

소세키 작품에 나타난 교사상

손순옥 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소 2006 일본연구 Vol.30 No.-

생태론적(生態論的) 시학(詩學) -<성북동 비둘기>를 위하여-

金甲起 ( Kim Gab-ki ) 동국대학교 한국문학연구소 2004 한국문학연구 Vol.0 No.27

Ecology, which has been one of main issues of worldwide academy since the mid -20th century, begins from the consciousness of the threat to the coexistence of living creatures on the Earth. This crisis was caused from human beings' exploitation and demolition of nature, and such a brutality originates from the enthropocentrism from Descarte's dualism and the indivudual possession of nature from J. Locke's Labourism(노동설). On the other hand, Buddhism based on the eastern monism of interespect and biocentrism is worthy of a practical ideological alternative for the future. This paper reviews the change in descriptions of the ecological environment through the comparison of < the Pigeon in Sungbookdong > wrote in 1968 by Kim Kwang-Sup[金珖燮] with Im Kyu's[林圭] Chinese-Korean Poetry[漢詩]. It proposes the self-cultivation, Hwalang's spirit, and scolarship of Chosun Dynasty as an alternative ideology for the innovation of our consciousness for the preservation of ecological environment.

항공운송사업 노사관계의 대안 탐색

김강식 ( Kang Sik Kim ) 한국항공대학교 경영연구소 2002 산업과 경영 Vol.9 No.1

항공운송사업 노사관계의 대안 탐색

김강식 한국항공대학교 경영연구소 2002 경영연구 Vol.9 No.1

현대사회에서 항공운송사업은 국민 경제에서 매우 큰 비중을 차지하고 있는 바 항공운수사업의 파업은 심각한 경제적·사회적 손실과 혼란을 야기하게 된다. 이러한 측면에서 항공운송사업의 파업을 방지하기 위한 근본적인 대책의 수립 필요성이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 항공운송사업의 파업방지 대책으로는 거시적 차원에서 국가수준에서의 관련 법제도의 정비, 그리고 미시적 차원에서 기업수준에 있어서의 협력적 노사관계의 구축을 들 수 있다. As the air transport business and industry have very significant roles in modem society, the conflicts between union and management can create very serious losses both in economy and in society. Nowadays it is strongly recommended to search some methods which can establish a cooperative and productive relationship between union and management and prevent conflicts and strikes.

제봉(霽峯)의 <유서석록(遊瑞石錄)> 서술특성

탁현숙 ( Hyun Sook Tak ) 조선대학교 인문학연구원 2013 인문학연구 Vol.0 No.46

Jebong``s <Yuseoseokrok> is a model of 19 extant essays about traveling on Mt. Mudeungsan along with <Yuseoseoksanki> by Jeong Ji-yoo. To look into the descriptive characteristics of <Yuseoseokrok>, Jebong consistently repeats descriptions of temples and monk cells rather than the natural landscape while traveling. In one scene which describes the point of climbing down through the peaks of Chonwangbong, Bilobong, and Banyabong as well as Ipsukdae, Gyubong, and Punghyoldae, he describes the surrounding scenery through the use of temples or monk cells instead of the magnificent scenery itself. That is, all the surrounding scenery which includes temples or monk cells becomes temples and monk cells. It is thought that this is an expression of his people-oriented thought. He used a descriptive method to place humans in the middle of nature and to unify them with nature. Whenever he moved from place to place, it seems that he tried to understand the communication between humans and nature by admiring water fountains or poetry written by literary people to catch the eyes. In <Yuseoseokrok>, he recorded what happened in a realistic way focusing on realistic descriptions and presented information following the style of Taoism which considers rules and regulations as precious. He describes what happens in good order and pursues the theory of writing for secular religion. As his writing specifically describes his surroundings even using numbers with the desperate intention to deliver what he sees to the readers, it is ambiguous to differentiate whether he is making a description or explanation. One of the greatest features of <Yuseoseokrok> is that is has lots of quotations. He objectified his personal experiences by inserting achieve- ments of virtuous persons, poetry, legends, historical facts, and history while describing the scenery through comparison. To expand the vividness of traveling on the mountains, he inserted a dialogic style description rather than enjoying traveling. It is thought that the style had a great influence on the delivery of realism as well as the development of the atmosphere of writing.