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이봉금 대한중국학회 2022 중국학 Vol.81 No.-
The large number of causative meanings in modern Chinese is conditional on the productivity and vitality of new words, that is, “extensive use”. In this study, the concept of “Causative generalized verbs” is put forward, and the discussion of causative sentence is carried out with the properties similar to causative verb connecting wire. Generally speaking, semantic verb refers to the component that can get rid of the original meaning and show broad and flowing meaning with the expansion of the combining ability of verbs. The structure of Causative generalized verbs is combined with root morphemes to create a large number of derivative words. From this point, we can see that there are many similarities with causative verb affixes. However, it does not fully have grammatical meaning like affixes, nor does it give play to the substantive lexical meaning like roots. To summarize its content simply, it can be understood that verb affixes are generally made virtual, so they are highly dependent on word roots. Only through close combination can they play a meaningful role. While Chinese verb verbs are intermediate elements between word roots and affixes. Relatively speaking, word roots are less dependent, to a certain extent, they are self-supporting elements, so other elements can appear. On the other hand, according to the Chinese result of the combination of “root+root (V1V2)”, which represents the meaning of cause and result, the integration between root words is autonomous, so it can achieve a very broad combination. In terms of the ability of combining root words to form words, it surpasses causative verbs and affixes. 일반적으로 泛义动词란 동사의 결합능력이 확대되면서 본래의미에서 벗어나 넓고 유동적인 의미를 나타낼 수 있는 성분을 말한다. 본 연구는 소위 V2와의 결합을 통해 본 의미로부터 다소 허화하여 사동 의미를 나타낼 수 있는 ‘弄’, ‘搞’ 2개의 V1에 대해 사동 범의동사(使動泛義動詞)로 정의하고 연구를 진행한다. ‘사동 범의동사구조’의 각종 양상들은 어근형태소와 결합하여 대량의 파생어를 만들어 낸다는 점에 있어서 사동 접사와 비슷한 부분이 많음을 파악할 수 있다. 그렇지만 사동 접사처럼 완전히 문법적 의미만을 갖는 것도 아니고, 그렇다고 어근처럼 실질적 어휘의미를 발휘하는 것도 아님에 착안할 때 중국어에도 수많은 어휘를 파생하는 사동파생법이 존재한다는 사실을 확인할 수 있다. 이를 위해 문법화 기제에 의한 범의동사의 범화과정을 살피고, 이 둘의 구분이 어떤 특징에서 기인하는지 형식적, 문법적, 의미적으로 나누어 중점적 문제들을 다루어 본다.
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현대중국어 사동의 형태적 생산성 분석: V1V2 형식의 사동구조를 중심으로
이봉금 서강대학교 언어정보연구소 2019 언어와 정보 사회 Vol.37 No.-
The meaning of causative construction in Complement of Result is a combination of two lexical Chinese verbs expressing a causative meaning. Generally, most linguists insist that Chinese has two types of causatives—lexical causative and syntactic(or periphrastic) causative. However, they do not agree that Chinese has a morphological causative, because Chinese is an isolated language that has not undergone morphological changes. This research has opposite views to prevailing opinions. Complement of Result construction, which is special causative forms(VP) on Chinese, can be divided into two lexical words, V1 and V2. This combination structure is very similar to lexical causative structure when viewed for the sake of formality. However, when we analyze the situation in detail, we can find that they have radical differences between the structures. Turning now to morphological causatives, the prototypical case has the following two characteristics. First, the causative is related to the non-causative predicate by morphological means, for example, by affixation. A simple example provided by the prototypical morphological causative is that the means of VP(V1+V2) construction has its productivity. In this situation, VP has two types of constructions. One is ‘VP-a’ and the other is ‘VP-b’, and especially the latter has a wide variety of productivity, which is exemplified by ‘咬斷’, ‘打破’, ‘扭傷’, ‘解開’, ‘熬白’ etc. This research provides that although these structures has limitations to causative productivity, they are very close to morphological causatives, and have a broad distinction with lexical causative constructions.
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