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캐나다 퀘벡주의 분리독립 문제와 불어권국가연합기구(O. I. F.)의 향후 위상 전망
한양환(Yanghwan Han) 한국정치학회 2001 한국정치학회보 Vol.35 No.2
탈냉전 이후 미국 주도 하의 정보통신혁명과 ‘세계 화’로 인한 불어문화권의 위축을 경계해 온 프랑스는 1997년 부트로스-갈리(Boutros-Ghali)전 유엔사무총장을 영입하여 불어권국가연합기구(O. I. F.)를 출범시키고, 40여 개 회원국의 정치적 결속을 통한 국제사회에서의 위상회복을 시도하고 있다. 그러나 대다수의 회원국이 제3세계 최빈국들로, 이 기구의 활성화 전망은 그리 밝지 못한 것이 사실인바, 이와 같은 O. I. F.의 구조적 한계를 극복하고자 하는 프랑스의 노력에 있어 퀘벡주의 독립은 매우 절실한 사안이 될 수 있다. 북미대륙의 영어문화권 내에서 문화적 정체성 유지를 위해 고심하고 있는 퀘백주의 분리독립이 달성될 경우. O. I. F. 회원국 간 경제협력의 활성화는 물론, 프랑스의 국제적 위상 제고, 나아가 세계 각국에서 침체를 겪고 있는 불어교육의 활성화에도 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 타국에 대한 내정간섭을 금기시하는 국제사회에서 프랑스 또는 제3국의 퀘벡주 독립에 대한 공개적 지지가 어려운 만큼, 대미종속의 심화로 자체적인 국가 정체성의 위기를 겪고 있는 캐나다 연방의 타협적 양보와 퀘벡 주민들의 현명하고도 신중한 선택이 요구되는 시점이다. What would happen to the future of la Francophonie if Quebecers vote for independence from Canada? The prospects of the International Organization of Francophonie (I.O.F), recently reactivated in France by declaring its political aims under the presidency of Boutros-Ghali, depend a lot on the full membership of Quebec as an independent state. Now only a province in the Canadian federation dominated by English culture within the sphere of American influence, french-speaking Quebec ought to figure out its political status, in the near future, taking into consideration both its own cultural identity and economical circumstances. This study brings the debate up to the present, exploring the political dynamics in Quebec since the landmark referendum of 1995 and examines the implications of eventual separation for Quebec, Canada and the rest of the I.O.F member nations.
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L’éducation pédagogique et culturelle pour les enfants : <Bonjour France>
김종서 한국영상문화학회 2013 영상문화 Vol.0 No.21
L’education pedagogique et culturelle pour les enfants est le travail le plus important pour l’avenir de notre societe. L’Alliance Francaise Incheon et l’arrondissement de Namgu dans la ville d’Incheon ont cree ensemble ce projet <Bonjour France>. Ce dernier a ete mis en place au CAMF(Centre des arts numeriques pour la jeunesse de Namgu) au mois de septembre en 2009. Nous faisons decouvrir gratuitement la langue francaise et la culture francophone au travers d’un programme specialement concu et adapte a ce jeune public. Le but est d’ameliorer l’education de la langue francaise et de la culture francophone a la jeunesse de notre ville et de renforcer les liens avec la communaute d’Incheon. Il sert aussi pour l’avenir de nos enfants qui souhaiteraient devenir des specialistes politiques et culturels dans le monde. <Bonjour France> est dispense en deux groupes qu’il faut bien separer etant donne la difference d’age et leur niveau francais. Le premier groupe que nous appelerons la <classe A> est compose d’un public d’enfant de 8 a 11 ans. Le deuxieme, la <classe B>, est compose d’un public plus age. Le cours se deroule dans un systeme tres specialise avec la conception pedagogique et culturelle. Nous ne demandons pas aux enfants de memoriser directement, mais plutot d’appeler leur imagination et leur curiosite. Ils apprennent donc atravers divers programmes culturels(jeux, contes, bandes dessinees...). La <classe A> est destinee aux enfants qui decouvrent la langue et la culture francaises pour la premiere fois. Le cours est d’une duree de deux heures. La premiere heure est un cours de langue, la deuxieme, un cours culturel. Les enfants sont en general tous debutants et n’ont aucune notion du francais. Les enseignants francais et coreens se retrouvent face a des enfants qu’ils vont encourager et animer. Le professeur natif enseigne la langue en francais et les coreens enseigent la culture francophone en coreen. En se basant sur une approche actionnelle, les enfants deviennent des acteurs dans la classe et presentent leur imagination et leur curiosite. Avec la gestuelle, ils commencent a parler des choses qu’ils aiment et a poser des questions simples. <La classe B> correspond aux eleves qui sont deja venus plus de 6 mois. Ils sont plus ages et plus matures puisqu’ils sont desormais tous collegiens. Le cours est un apprentissage plus pousse avec des regles de grammaire et du vocabulaire plus riche. Il est possible de creer en meme temps un projet lingustique et culturelle. Le projet de blog, de chanson, encore de conte sur tablette numerique. L’objectif reste toujours de proposer des activites ludiques tout en decouvrant la culture francophone. Le programme permet aussi de faire participer pleinement les enfants aux cours et de les rendre acteurs de <Bonjour France>. Grace au succes de notre programme, les parents de <Bonjour France> participent a nos actions pedagogiques et culturelles. Ils ont cree eux-meme <Bonjour France Maman>qui est une association de benevoles. Leur but est de montrer la diversite culturelle et encourger la creativite des enfants. <Bonjour France> n’existe pas uniquement pour montrer la langue et la culture francaise, mais egalement pour faire connaitre la diversite culturelle et en comprendre les differences. C’est ainsi que nos enfants pourront avoir plus d’imagination et plus de curiosite et qu’ils pourront comprendre la tolerance et porter une autoreflextion sur eux-memes.
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Language and Cultural Identity as the Regional Features of Quebec
신인영 한국사진지리학회 2017 한국사진지리학회지 Vol.27 No.4
The province of Quebec has distinctively maintained the policy to use the French language as the sole official language and to preserve the French cultural identity for 40 years since the Quebec Charter Bill 101 in 1977, whereas the federal government of Canada proclaimed Canada a multicultural country on the premise of bilingualism. This study focuses on how historical and social background has been reflected in building the current regional features of Quebec. Firstly the present paper examines the historical background in Quebec which is centred on French language and culture. It then investigates current institutional plans enacted by the Quebec government in relation to language and culture, and also looks at cultural landscapes encompassing French tradition in two major cities in Quebec―Quebec City and Montreal. The study finally discusses implications of preserving language and cultural identity in the region of Quebec. This research shows that the consistent endeavors of Quebec to keep their national identity on the basis of policies of regionalism could be seen as sociopolitical phenomena by their own choices to survive against the inequality and hegemony of globalization, even though this may cause tensions and resistance against non-Québécois as well as social and economic losses in Quebec. The province of Quebec appears to position itself well by making good use of its regional features originating from its historical background and by flexibly integrating globalization and regionalism.
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