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강정원 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2023 로컬리티 인문학 Vol.- No.30
A forestry survey project was implemented for 158 dongri (villages) in 10 myeon (townships) starting from March 1919 in Yeoju-gun, Gyeonggi-do. The forestry survey project was carried out in the following order: preparation and collection of statement, investigation of ownership and survey by parcel, preparation of forestry survey book, and assessment. Assessments were completed for 38,561.4328 jeongbo (1 jeongbo is approximately 9917m2 or 1ha) of 11,156 parcels in 10 townships in Yeoju-gun on November 10, 1923. After the public announcement and reading of the survey results, the ownership of respective parcels decided in accordance with the assessment was granted absolute title, which could not be denied even by a judicial court decision. The characteristics of the Yeoju-gun forestry survey project revealed in the forestry survey results are as follows: First, of the 38,561.4328 jeongbo of 11,156 parcels in 10 townships in Yeoju-gun, state-owned forests accounted for 9,368.57 jeongbo (24.3%) of 2,811 parcels (25.2%), while civil-owned forests accounted for 29,192.08 jeongbo (75.7%) of 8,333 parcels (24.3%). Thus, it was found that the proportion of private forests was much higher than national forests. Second, compared to findings from the case study of Gimhae-gun, Changwon, the survey results of Yeoju-gun showed fewer small-scale woods and fields and many large forest landowners of Korean nationality. Such a state of affairs was possible because people of considerable wealth, including high-ranking officials and big merchants from Seoul, intensively purchased lands in Gyeonggi-do. Also, Yeoju, in particular, was a representative area for rice production and yangban residency. Third, compared to the case of Gimhae-gun, Changwon, where there were overwhelmingly many disputes over national forests, there was a high rate of disputes over private forests in Yeoju-gun. A total of 45 cases of disputes regarding 58 parcels occurred during the survey. Such a rate is not low in Gyeonggi-do, since the figure accounts for 5.2% of the 554 cases of actual disputes (involving 1,108 parcels) that occurred in Gyeonggi-do encompassing 29 counties (gun) (1,437 cases involving 272,777 parcels) excluding disputes that were reconciled or withdrawn. According to the details of disputes verified through Imyawondo (Illustration of Woods and Fields) and Imyajosaseo (A Forestry Survey Report), there were more disputes over civil-owned forests than over state-owned forests in Yeoju-gun. Out of a total of 83 cases of disputes, 33 cases involved state-owned forests, while 50 cases involved civil-owned forests. Fourth, the advancement of Japanese landowners and capitalists was not noticeable in Yeoju. The inflow of Japanese capital through afforestation loans occurred on a large scale nationwide. However, the advancement of Japanese capital into Yeoju-gun was insignificant. As mentioned earlier, Yeoju-gun was a representative rice farming area where large-scale land ownership belonged to Korean yangban (aristocrats). It was relatively possible for this class of people than others to maintain land ownership while maintaining financial power even during the colonial period. As such a tendency developed in forestry, Japanese advancement was inevitably limited.
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