일본의 고령화와 공민관의 역할

이미애(Lee, Mi-Ae) 일본어문학회 2017 일본어문학 Vol.79 No.-

Kominkan isa local social educational facility established during the postwar period with democratic policy of Japan in 1946, and its attitude and role have changed according to the social changes. In the postwar period, it had made an effort as a comprehensive institution for culture and general education for national education in the era of revival, and for regeneration of local community and regional revitalization in response to the collapse of community caused by the urbanization in 60s and 70s. But Japan is entering a new era of low fertility and superaged society. This study summarizesthe roles of Kominkan in the aging era as follows. First, it will be a place providing an opportunity to contact others by inviting local residents(the aged) to it as well as a study place. Second, it must play a role enabling local community, the aged and isolated people to enter into a relation as a base for building a local network for solving regional problems(problems of the aged). Problems surrounding the aged may happen to anyone. In the modern society when family structure, values, and lifestyle are changing, and it is necessary to make a relation with many people consciously in daily life. Problems of the aged can be solved with a relation network with individuals.

지속가능발전을 위한 고등교육의 담론과 실천: 국제개발협력 아카데미협력 프로그램 사례연구를 중심으로

홍문숙,박채원,김성규 한양대학교 제3섹터연구소 2019 시민사회와 NGO Vol.17 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the historical, conceptual and policy context of higher education in international development cooperation, and to examine the implications of Korea’s international higher education programs in the context of sustainable development. To this end, this study reviews policy and academic related literatures and international and national discussions on the roles of higher education in international development. In addition, this study analyzes the KOICA’s flagship academic cooperation program, which is carried out under the public-private cooperation projects in Korea. The case study examined the program itself and 52 implemented proejcts, while using mixed methods such as literature review, questionnaire survey and individual and focus group interviews with stakeholder from experts, aid agencies and project executing universities and research institutes. This study finds that the case of the program consistently considered linkages with the international initiatives such as MDGs and SDGs, and has contributed to knowledge achievement of participants in terms of international development. However, there are the structural limitations of Korean universities and research institutes in terms of institutional, financial and administrative sustainability as well as a lack of strategic discussions on social responsibilities of the HEIs. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the need for the institutional, organizational and leadership awareness of global social responsibilities of higher education as well as expanding discussions in regards to relevant policy discussions. 본 연구의 목적은 국제개발에서 고등교육의 역사적, 개념적, 정책적 맥락을 점검하고 지속가능발전의 맥락에서 민관협력으로서 우리나라 국제개발 고등교육 프로그램의 함의를 살펴보는 데 있다. 국제개발 고등교육 프로그램은 교육 및 연구 인프라, 정책컨설팅, 장학금 제공 및 연수 등의 형태로 우리나라 국제개발에서 중요한 역할을 해왔음에도 불구하고 국내에 관련 연구가 부재하며, 관련 프로그램의 사회적 역할에 대한 학술 및 정책 담론에 대한 논의가 부족하다. 본 연구의 목적은 지속가능발전의 맥락에서 국제개발에서의 고등교육의 사회적 역할을 고찰하고 SDGs 목표와의 연계 속에서 우리나라 고등교육 국제개발의 방향을 모색 하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 학술 및 정책 관련 문헌 분석을 수행했으며, 아울러 국제개발에서 고등교육의 사회적 역할에 대한 국제적, 국내적 논의를 검토하였다. 또한 우리나라 공적개발원조 사업 중 민관협력사업의 형태로 수행되고 있는 아카데미협력 프로그램을 사례연구로 선정하여 문헌분석, 참여기관 설문조사, 전문가 및 원조 기관 면담 조사, 프로그램 참여기관 면담 조사 등의 방법을 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 사례 프로그램은 전 지구적 개발목표인 새천년개발목표(MDGs) 및 지속가능발전목표(SDGs)와의 연계가 꾸준히 고려되었으며, 프로그램 참여자의 국제개발관련 지식강화와 같은 성과가 발견되었다. 그러나 공여기관 고등교육 프로그램이 제도적, 재정적, 행정적 지속가능성 측면에서 가지는 한계 및 해외사업을 민관협력으로 구현하는 과정에서 국내 대학 및 연구소의 현실적·구조적 한계가 뚜렷이 확인되었다. 결론적으로 향후 우리나라 고등교육 협력사업의 근간은 불평등을 해소하고 인류의 가치 있는 삶을 추구하고자 하는 지속가능발전의 차원에서 ‘고등교육의 전 지구적 사회적 역할과 책임에 대한 기관차원의 인식강화’가 동반되어야 함을 강조하였다. 아울러 단발적이며 한시적으로 진행되는 고등교육 국제개발협력 프로그램의 구조적 한계를 극복하기 위해 이에 대한 본격적인 학술적·정책적 논의와 함께 파트너들의 협력과 실천이 병행되어야 함을 제안하였다.

일본의 민관협력에 의한 공공건축 조성방식 사례 연구

염철호(Youm, Chirl-Ho) 대한건축학회 2018 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.34 No.12

The purpose of this study is to draw implications for revitalizing public-private partnership system that can reduce the financial burden of the government and utilize the creative know-how of the private sector by analyzing the cases of public building construction projects by public-private partnership method in Japan. In this study, first of all, I looked at the current state of public-private partnership policy in Japan and then selected 8 representative projects as an analysis target. Next, in order to grasp the specific situation that is aimed at securing publicity and revitalizing private participation, I analyzed the role sharing between public and private sectors in the maintenance and management of public buildings, and examined the conditions for private revenue facilities. As a result of the analysis, the following implications were drawn. First, the methods of public building construction by public-private partnership in Japan are largely divided into BTO method based on the PFI method, and the method of installing public facilities and private revenue facilities based on the term leasehold rights system. Second, measures were taken to mitigate the burden of the state and local governments in establishing public facilities. Third, the public has delegated to the private sector actively about the role that the private sector can play, expanding the role of private sector widely from design to operation in the public building construction projects. Fourth, in order to actively participate in private sectors and promote regional revitalization, private profit-making projects are widely accepted, but consideration has been given to guarantee a certain level of publicity.

해외도시개발의 장애요인 및 활성화 정책 분석 연구

임창휘,양성돈,강명구 국토연구원 2011 국토연구 Vol.69 No.-

As urban population accounts for more than half of world population in 2010, UN declared “Urban Millennium.” Most urbanization occurs in developing world. The competition among firms and nations for the world urban development market is intense. The purpose of this study is to analyze barriers and policies for advancing world urban development. Analysis finds that the critical barrier 3 to the developers is the condition of oversea countries because the risk of oversea urban development is high and the risk can be even higher depending on the oversea country’s condition. Therefore, lowering the risk in oversea countries is the most important to policy agenda. Specifically, policies need to aim to build socio-economic cooperation between countries and to lessen financial risk. Reduction in financial risk can be done linked with official development assistance (ODA), fund raising such as infra-fund targeting infrastructure building, credit support, and so forth. The government needs to do general support including diplomatic relationship, funding support, information provision, human resource development, and so forth. Besides, public-private partnership can be a useful vehicle for the oversea urban development. UN은 도시인구가 농촌인구를 넘어선 2000년대를 ‘Urban Millennium’이라고 선언했다. 도시의 확장은 주로 개발도상국에서 발생하고 있으며, 미처 도시화에 대처하지 못하고 있는 개발도상국의 경우 도시의 슬럼화 및 기반시설 부족 등 다양한 도시문제를 야기하고 있다. 나아가 경제기반으로서의 산업화 및 산업시설에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있고, 생활기반으로서 주거, 환경, 교통, 문화 등에 대한 지속가능한 도시개발에 대한 요구가 증가하고 있다. 하지만 선진 국가와 기업의 활발한 해외도시개발과 비교해볼 때, 대한민국의 해외도시개발은 아직 미약한 수준이다. 본 연구에서는 해외도시개발을 활성화하는 데 장애요인이 무엇인지를 분석하고 이와 연계하여 효율적인 정책적 함의를 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 분석결과 해외도시개발에서 우선적으로 극복해야 하는 장애요인은 진출대상국과 관련한 변수가 가장 컸다. 구체적으로 우선 필요한 정책은 진출대상국과의 경제협력, 공적개발기금(ODA)과의 연계, 인프라펀드 등 신규재원의 조성, EDCF 확대, 정부의 신용보증 확대의 순으로 양국 간 관계구축과 금융위험 완화가 높게 나타났다. 또한 국가의 역할에서 사업 참여보다는 사업화 단계에서 일반적인 지원(외교, 금융, 정보, 교육 등)과 함께 민관협력 및 공공참여 방안의 확대를 위한 지원체계의 구축이 필요함을 보여주고 있다.

주택재개발사업의 공공성과 사업성 증진을 위한 민관역할 재정립

맹다미(Maeng, Da-Mi),이동훈(Lee, Dong-Hoon),백세나(Baik, Ce-Na) 대한건축학회 2016 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.32 No.2

Low economic growth and recession in real estate market resulted in sluggish implementation in housing redevelopment projects and affect inadequate provision of public facilities and housing. This study aims to identify the issues of the current provision system of public facilities and housing in the housing redevelopment projects of Seoul and find solutions by comparing with the cases of Japanese redevelopment projects. Keeping the balance between publicness and profitability of the projects is one of the main principles which can be accomplished by reinforcing the public-private partnership. This study suggests three systems as the way of enhancing publicness and profitability of the housing redevelopment projects: (1) government financial supports for establishing infrastructure, (2) introduction of public copartner system, and (3) risk-taking of private sectors.

현 단계 남북경제교류협력의 쟁점과 과제

양문수 ( Moon Soo Yang ) 북한연구학회 2005 북한연구학회보 Vol.9 No.2

As a result of the 9/19 joint declaration, inter-Korean economic cooperation is entering a new phase. This new phase appears distinctly different from the last 17 years of economic cooperation, but as of yet it is difficult to judge whether it is a fundamentally different phase, a cyclical phenomenon rooted in past actions, or somewhere in-between. We must keep in mind how it is that this broadened cooperation came about. Through empirical research we can both draw natural conclusions as well as edge into anew dimension of studies. This paper focuses on the important issues and points of contention surrounding the current stage of inter-Korean economic cooperation. First, the new phase of inter-Korean economic cooperation requires certain structural changes in the current cooperative relationship. North Korean development is at the core of this. In fact, North Korean development is representative of the new direction inter-Korean cooperation is seeking to move toward. Second, it is pressing that supplemental policy be prepared in order to be able to deal with difficult issues that will arise if we are to progress in the so called new way of economic cooperation. If DPRK-Chinese economic cooperation is closely examined, more than a few of these issues can be found. Third, South Korea`s `important proposal` of electrical energy transmission to North Korea does not only quantitatively impact North Korea`s economy, but qualitatively affects it as well. If the proposal is realized, then not only South Korea`s inter-Korean cooperation policy, but the whole of their policies regarding North Korea need to be re-examined. Fourth, it is becoming necessary that the system for promotion of inter-Korean economic cooperation be re-examined. This system for promotion is directly related to capital procurement issues. Fifth, the roles of government and private sector must be clearly defined. Also, there is the possibility of conflicting policies, such as Seoul`s unification policy and its macro economic policy, or its industrial policy, and discussion on a means for settlement of these differences needs to be undertaken. Sixth, it is inevitable that expansion of inter-Korean economic exchange will arouse some conflict among interested parties in South Korea. If that is the case, then there is the issue of on what scale and by what means this can be compensated for. In the future, it will become necessary to take a more cost-benefit oriented approach to inter-Korean economic cooperation.

독일의‘도시재생’성공사례 연구: 함부르크, HafenCity를 중심으로

박길용 한독사회과학회 2019 한독사회과학논총 Vol.29 No.3

This study is to present the policy implication for improving the direction of urban regeneration in Korea by analyzing the case of 'Hamburg HafenCity' which is a success case of German urban regeneration. Before analyzing the case study, we clarified the clear conceptualization and meaning of urban regeneration by comparing the difference between the existing urban redevelopment and urban regeneration according to several criteria. For the case analysis, five analysis criteria and evaluation items of urban regeneration success factor were analyzed and analyzed. categorized this into three categories, First, public-private partnership as public role. The municipal government derived voluntary participation of various stakeholders, from deriving the master plan to the whole development process. Second, the urban regeneration direction, that is, within the master plan of the city as a whole, HafenCity is used as a center of development strategy, and it is pursuing the development of balanced and harmonious development of the whole city by strengthening the connection with the old urban center and the undeveloped urban areas. Especially, the municipal government have created a competitive and differentiated city through the combination of building use and securing the publicity. Third, the whole city is pursuing 'sustainability' while aiming for a low-carbon eco-city. This suggests various policy implications for urban regeneration in Korea. In addition, we pointed out some limitations to overcome in terms of applying our reality. 본 연구는 독일 도시재생의 성공사례라고 할 수 있는 ‘함부르크 하펜시티(Hamburg HafenCity)’를 중심으로 분석하여, 우리나라 도시재생의 방향성 제고를 위한 정책적 함의를 제시하는 데 있다. 사례분석에 앞서 기존의 ‘도시재개발’과 ‘도시재생’의 차이점이 무엇인지를 몇 가지 기준에 따라 비교 설명하여 도시재생의 명백한 개념화와 의미를 고찰하였다. 또한, 사례분석을 위해 도시재생 성공요소의 5가지 분석기준과 평가항목을 구체화하였다. 이를 크게 세 가지로 범주화하여 보면 첫째, 공공의 역할로서 민·관 파트너십이다. 시(市) 정부는 마스터플랜 도출에서부터 개발 전 과정에 이르기까지 다양한 이해관계자들의 자발적 참여를 도출하였다. 둘째, 도시재생의 방향성, 즉 도시 전체의 마스터플랜 안에서 하펜시티를 발전전략의 구심점으로 삼아 구(舊) 도심부와 미개발된 도시지역과 연계성을 강화하여 도시 전체가 균형과 조화를 이룬 발전을 추구하고 있다. 특히 건물 ‘용도의 복합화’와 ‘공공성의 확보’를 통해 경쟁력 있고 차별화된 도시를 창출하였다. 셋째, 도시 전체를 저탄소 생태 도시를 지향하면서 ‘지속가능성’을 추구하고 있다는 점이다. 이 같은 점에서 우리나라의 도시재생에 있어서 다양한 정책적 시사점을 던져주고 있다. 이와 더불어 우리의 현실적용 관점에서, 몇 가지 극복해야 할 한계점을 제시하였다.