공립미술관의 법적 정의에 대한 재고찰

김지훈 한국법제연구원 2021 법제연구 Vol.- No.60

Museums and Art Museums Act was enacted in Nov. 30th, 1991, that was basically rooted in Museums Act passed in 1984 and substituted it. For the first time the newly enacted law manifested the legal conception of art museum but also public municipal art museum. According to Art Museums Act of 1991, public municipal art museum is established and run by local government. Museums Act defined the public municipal museum is the museum local authority founded. Museums and Art Museum Act is differentiated from its predecessor for stressing the managerial conception on public municipal art museum. After its legislation, the definition of public municipal art museum has never revised. Its legal conception changed only one time, when Museums Act was abolished and Museums and Art Museums Support Act adopted. In contrast, the definition of art museum has been modified twice until 2020, although they were not dramatic. In this study, I pose a question considering the appropriateness of the legal definition of public municipal art museums. The Korean society has experienced a variety of changes socially, economically, and politically after the enactment of the Art Museums Act. In accordance with Museums and Art Museums Support Act, public municipal art museum is conceptualized by 4 key words; art museum, local autonomous body, foundation, and management. Based upon the historical transition of art museum and local autonomy, and the reality of its establishment and management, I examine the extent how far its legal definition is suitable to embrace the public municipal art museums in practice. 1991년 11월 30일 「박물관 및 미술관 진흥법」이 제정된 이후 미술관에 대한 공식적인 법적 개념이 처음으로 제시되었다. 해당 법률에 의하면 공립미술관은 지방자치단체가 설립·운영하는 미술관으로서 공공미술관의 일종이다. 이후 「박물관 및 미술관 진흥법」은 수차례 개정되며 박물관과 미술관에 대한 개념도 조금씩 수정되었으나 공립미술관의 정의는 제정 이후 단 한 차례도 변경되지 않았다. 본 연구는 공립미술관의 법적 정의의 적절성에 의문을 제기하고 있다. 「박물관 및 미술관 진흥법」이 제정된 이후 한국 사회는 사회적·경제적·정치적으로 다양한 변화를 경험하여 왔다. 이러한 변화 사항을 현재의 공립미술관에 대한 법적 개념은 충분히 반영하지 못하고 있다고 판단된다. 「박물관 및 미술관 진흥법」에 의하면 공립미술관의 법적 개념의 핵심어는 ‘미술관·지방자치단체·설립·운영’이다. 미술관의 역사적 변천과 지방자치, 현실에서 이루어지고 있는 미술관 설립과 운영 실태를 바탕으로 공립미술관의 법적 정의의 적합성을 살펴본다. 그 결과 “지방자치단체가 소유한 미술관”으로서 공립미술관의 개념 수정을 제안하고자 한다.

공립미술관의 작품구입 제도에 관한 연구-지역 대표 미술관을 중심으로-

정종효 동서미술문화학회 2019 미술문화연구 Vol.14 No.14

Local governments including Seoul are establishing the public art museums for revitalizing local culture and arts and supporting art fields. At the same time, the private art museums are sharply increasing. In this revival of art museums, it is important to consider about the role of public art museums and what is necessary for the identity of such museums. Furthermore, the public art museums need to have locality and differentiation strategy. In response to quantitative expansion of art museums, there differentiation issues regarding exhibition, education, and collection. In addition, there are issues about collection purchasing system such as increase in collection purchasing budget, construction of collection management system, and collection database. The purpose of this study is to conduct research and analysis on institutional field in purchasing collection and to suggest improvement measures. This study targeted on Busan Museum of Art, Seoul Museum of Art, and 8 public art museums representing each region. For a practical analysis, this study directly requested data to each art museum. Then, this study analyzed the statistical data on collection contents, storage status, artwork purchasing budget, and artwork purchasing procedure. Also, this study classified the artwork purchasing direction for each art museum and analyzed the items of artwork purchasing system. Then, this study pointed out problems in such system and suggested the necessity of problem solving and measures. 1992년 광주시립미술관의 개관 이후 각 지방자치단체에서 지역의 문화예술 활성화와 미술계의 지원이라는 목적으로 설립하고 있는 공립미술관과 더불어 급증하고 있는 사립미술관을 포함해 과히 미술관 부흥기라고 할 수 있다. 전국에 있는 공립미술관이 올바른 역할을 수행하고 정체성 확립을 위해 무엇이 필요한가에 대한 의식은 매우 중요하다. 지역적 특성을 수용하면서 차별화의 전략을 수립할 시점이다. 미술관의 양적 팽창으로 인한 전시와 교육 그리고 소장 작품에 대한 장기적 수집 방향성 설정의 필요성이 재기되고 있는데 소장품 구입예산 증액, 소장품 관리시스템 구축, 소장품 데이터베이스화 등의 문제와 더불어 소장품 구입의 제도에 대한 문제도 그 일각에 속한다. 본 논문에서는 소장품 구입에 있어 각 미술관의 제도적인 부분의 조사와 분석을 통하여 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다. 대상은 서울시립미술관을 포함하는 전국의 각 지역의 대표성을 띠고 있는 8개의 공립미술관을 조사대상으로 하였다. 현실적인 내용을 취합하고 분석하기 위해 각 미술관에 직접 자료를 의뢰하는 방식으로 진행되었으며, 소장 작품 내용, 수장고의 현황, 작품 구입 예산, 작품 구입 절차 등을 자료를 토대로 분석하고, 작품 구입의 방향성을 미술관별로 구분하여 작품 구입 제도가 어떻게 설정되어 있는지 분석하였다. 그리고 여기에서 나타나는 문제점을 제기하고 문제 해결의 필요성과 방법을 제언하였다.

수요 분석을 통한 공립미술관 관람료 현실화 방안 연구 - 대전시립미술관을 중심으로

최은철,양준석 한국문화경제학회 2021 문화경제연구 Vol.24 No.2

국내 공립미술관은 공공성을 중시하는 정책 기조로 인해 저렴한 관람료 정책을 실시하고 있다. 낮은 수준의 관람료는 공립미술관의 재정자립도를 취약하게 만드는 요인으로, 시민의 눈높이에 맞는 다양한 문화서비스 제공을 위한 예산 확보를 어렵게 한다. 그러나 관람료 인상은 필연적으로 관람객수 감소로 이어지기 때문에 관람료 조정에 앞서 미술관의 수요를 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대전시립미술관을 대상으로 수요함수를 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 관람료 변동에 따른 가격 탄력성은 비탄력적인 것으로 나타났다. 특히 특별전시의 가격 탄력성이 상설전시에 비해 비탄력적인 것으로 나타났다. 추정한 탄력성을 이용하여 관람료 변화에 따른 관람객 수 및 수입 변동을 예측한 결과 적정 수준의 관람료 인상은 미술관 재정 개선에 기여할 것으로 나타났다 Domestic public art museums are implementing a policy of low admission fees due to the policy stance that emphasizes publicity. The low level of admission fees is a factor that weakens the financial independence of public art museums, making it difficult to secure a budget to provide various cultural services that meet the needs of citizens. However, as an increase in admission fees inevitably leads to a decrease in the number of visitors, it is important to understand the demand of the museum before adjusting the admission fee. Therefore, in this study, the demand function was estimated for the Daejeon Museum of Art. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the price elasticity according to the change of the admission fee is inelastic. In particular, the price elasticity of special exhibitions was found to be inelastic compared to permanent exhibitions. As a result of predicting changes in the number of visitors and income due to changes in admission fees using the estimated elasticity, an appropriate increase in admission fees will improve the museum’s finances.

‘이응노의집’과 새롭게 이응노 활용하기: 창조적 파괴의 개념을 통해 본 이응노의 예술세계와 ‘이응노의집’의 미래경영

엄광현 한국미술이론학회 2022 미술이론과 현장 Vol.- No.33

Since the early 2000s, a large number of public art museums have opened in Korea, marking public recognition of the importance of such museums. The number of public art museums will continue to grow at an increasing rate, further strengthening their influence on the society. This study intends to examine the current state of public artist museums in Korea, and then focus specifically on Maison d’Lee Ungno which opened in 2011 to commemorate Lee Ungno’s art world. It also aims to propose a future management plan for Maison d’Lee Ungno based on the concept of creative destruction. Creative destruction, a notion put forward by Joseph Schumpeter, is a process of innovating existing practices through the continual combination and adoption of new ideas. Given the relative absence of modern art museums dedicated to particular artists in Korea, the proposed plan shall incorporate the creative destruction process as its core strategy. 2000년대 이후, 우리나라에서는 공립미술관이 대거 개관하면서 그 중요성을 새롭게 재인식하는 시대를 맞이하였다. 이와 함께 공립작가미술관도 계속 증가해가며 그 입지를 더욱 강화해가는 모습을 보여주고 있다. 요제프 슘페터는 새로운 것들의 끊임없는 결합과 적용을 통해 기존의 것들을 혁신해나가는 ‘창조적 파괴’의 개념을 고안해냈다. 따라서 이 연구는 ‘이응노의집’에초점을 맞춰 우리나라 공립작가미술관의 현황을 점검해보고, 창조적 파괴의 개념을 통해 이응노의 예술세계를 기념하는 이응노의집의 미래경영 방안을 제언해 보고자 한다. 특히 이 연구는 근대미술관이 부재한 한국의 미술관 현황을 고려하여 이응노의 예술세계를 핵으로 하는 근대미술관으로 자리매김하는 이응노의집의 미래경영 전략과 방안을 구상해 보여주고자 한다.

지역문화공간의 관광경쟁력 지표개발에 관한 연구: 공립박물관 및 미술관을 중심으로

홍승일 한국기업경영학회 2023 기업경영연구 Vol.30 No.6

본 연구는 지역을 대표하는 공립박물관 및 미술관의 관광경쟁력 향상을 위한 지표개발에 관한 연구이다. 공립박물관 및 미술관은 지역의 정체성을 확립하는 한편, 지역의 대표적인 문화원형을 보존하고, 전시하여 지역의관람객들과 외지에서 오는 관광객들에게 지역을 홍보하는 대표적인 공간이다. 그러나, 국가와 지방자치단체의다양한 노력에도 불구하고 지방행정의 편의, 문화행정이 아닌 일반행정 중심의 업무, 전문성이 부족한 일반인의문화기관장 업무 담당 관행, 행정전문 직원이 문화행정 관련 업무를 수행하는 등의 요인으로 다양한 문제가 발생하고 있다. 특히, 공립박물관을 건립하고 운영하는데 있어, 건립을 위한 투자는 다양하지만, 정작 운영단계에서는 관리자 중심의 행정편의주의로 인해 지역의 관람객들과 외지에서 오는 관광객들은 제대로 된 서비스를 제공받지 못하는 한계를 가진다. 이는 이용자 중심의 공간・전시・콘텐츠・프로그램 등 다양한 분야에서 문제가 되고있다. 결과적으로 문화예술정책이 일부 분야에 국한되어 실제 시행 및 운영에 대한 인식이 부족한 실정이며, 운영을 위한 지원 예산의 경우 시설 중심의 예산으로 집중되어 있으며, 현행 보조금 성격의 예산 등 자본금 지원성격의 투자를 중심으로 편성되어 운영 중심의 전문가 양성, 프로그램 개발, 홍보, 컨텐츠 수집 등 실질적인 운영관리에 대한 투자가 체계적으로 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 수요자 중심으로 전환되고 있는 공립박물관및 미술관의 지속가능한 관람객 및 관광객 확보를 위한 운영을 위해 새로운 평가체계 도입을 위한 연구이다. This study is about developing indicators to improve the tourism competitiveness of public museums and art galleries representing the region. Local public museums and art museums are representative spaces that promote the region to local visitors and tourists from outside the region by establishing regional identity while preserving and displaying the region's representative cultural archetypes. However, despite the various efforts of the state and local governments, the convenience of local administration, work centered on general administration rather than cultural administration, the practice of ordinary people lacking expertise in charge of cultural institution heads, and the practice of administrative staff performing cultural administration-related work. Various problems are occurring due to factors such as:In particular, in establishing and operating a public museum, the investment for construction is diverse, but in the operation stage, due to manager-centered administrative expediency, local visitors and tourists from outside are unable to receive proper services. This is becoming a problem in various fields such as user-centered spaces, exhibitions, contents, and programs. As a result, culture and arts policies are limited to certain areas and there is a lack of awareness of actual implementation and operation. The support budget for operation is concentrated on facilities, and investments in the form of capital support, such as the current budget in the form of subsidies, are limited. It is organized around , but investment in actual operation management such as training of operation-oriented experts, program development, promotion, and content collection is not being systematically made. This study aims to introduce a new evaluation system for the sustainable operation of public museums and art galleries in regions that are transitioning to be consumer-centered.

국내 국·공립 미술관의 공공성 실현을 위한 공간구성 특성에 관한 연구

서수미,정사희,윤갑근 한국문화공간건축학회 2012 한국문화공간건축학회논문집 Vol.- No.40

Diverse changes which have improved living quality of modern people and their living quality since 1990s have led to increased number of art museums representing public cultural facilities. The purpose of previous art museums was confined to just appreciation of artistic works, but now, they have multiple functions to provide various programs based on public interests as public cultural facilities. Therefore, this study aims to identify characteristics of spatial composition for realization of public service through analysing cases of national public art museums, and present basic data for spatial plans of public art museums. The subjects of the study were twelve national and public art museums from the 2011 Cultural Facilities Bibliography which was published by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. For the study, Chapter 2 speculated theories of public cultural facilities. Chapter 3 identified the relationships between national public art museums and public interests. Chapter 4 analysed cases based official sites of each art museum, field trips, relevant bibliographies, and design analyses. The results of the study are presented as follows: Firstly, space was characterized by symbolism, communication and recess, and identity appeared to have the highest symbolic value of local culture. Communication was related to types of accessibility, and recess was related to characteristics of accessibility. However, as the results are not definitely separable, it can be said that public characteristics are interdependent and each of them has influence on each other. National and city art museums had the highest accessibility, and provincial and county ones also had high accessibility although there was insignificant difference between them. District art museums gave a focus on communication, but it was not able to be generalized through just one case. This study has a meaning in that it analysed spatial characteristics of national and public art museums and characteristics of public aspects, and presented basic data considering characteristics of spatial composition to realize public service.

감성 평가척도에 의한 공간 환경의 실증분석에 관한 연구

한명흠(Han, Myoung-Heum),오인욱(Oh, In-Wook) 한국실내디자인학회 2010 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.19 No.6

The purposes of this study are to present the criteria for a sensibility rating scale for measuring the general public"s perception of museums’ spatial environment, particularly lobby space, through an empirical analysis; and to clarify the characteristics of the presented rating scale in terms of each rating element and factor. For this study, a survey was conducted during September 11-17, 2010, and a total of 370 museum visitors participated in the survey. A sensibility rating scale used for the survey consisted of a total of 32 adjectives selected from a literature review of previous studies. To specify the dimensions of semantic space using the semantic adjectives, words with opposite meanings were analyzed with the semantic differential technique developed by Osgood et al, Using SPSS, a reliability analysis, factor analysis, and cluster analysis were conducted on the data obtained from the survey. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: According to the general public’s perception of museum lobbies, five factors were found from the 19 semantic ratings of the Gyeonggido Museum of Modern Art and the 20 semantic ratings of the Seoul Museum of Art, respectively. In the case of Gyeonggido Museum of Modern Art, three additional semantic words of ‘orderly’, ‘open’, and ‘original’, which did not appear in the case of Seoul Museum of Art, were discovered. In the case of Seoul Museum of Art, more detailed semantic words such as ‘restrained’, ‘ordinary’, ‘concrete’, and ‘intellectual (rational)’ were obtained. Five semantic elements, which describe the two museums, were: Feelings of ‘pleasantness’, ‘value’, ‘usage’, ‘aesthetics’, and ‘materials’. According to a comparative analysis of the two lobby spaces in terms of semantic rating elements, Gyeonggido Museum of Modern Art was perceived to be an orderly, original, open, soft, and female-like space, whereas Seoul Museum of Art was perceived to be aesthetic, restrained, concrete, realistic, intellectual and rational. In the coming years, the results of this study will serve as valuable data for constructing a sensibility rating scale for evaluating spatial environments of museums.

한국과 일본의 기획전시 운영체제 비교 연구

한미애(Han Mee Ae) 한국예술경영학회 2005 예술경영연구 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this paper is learning suggestion to vitalize the Korean government-run museums special exhibitions by comparing of the special exhibitions management system of government-run museums in Korea and Japan. Museum is an essential component in the development of the society and history, especially the public museums serve as an indicator noticing the level of cultural policy and spirit, furthermore, culture is taking more significant role in modern era; culture is affecting a great deal and it became a standard for deciding the identity, the confidence and the identity of a country, and even it is affecting various industrial factor. Therefore it is necessary to make a profound research on culture. The identity of museums should be defined by inspecting such various aspects as financial stability, objectivity on handling the collection, cooperation with other institutes, and audience service; a museum could be a desirable example if all of the elements are sustainable and fulfilling its publicity. Presenting live and constant exhibitions is the most important roleto achieve this goal. Exhibition is the fundamental role of a museum, also it is the essence of its activity that consists of research and interpretation. Among them, customized exhibition is no doubt the most efficient means of showing the museum’s character and the aim to the public.