臺灣國語辭典的數位化現況和未來

허학인 단국대학교 동양학연구원 2013 東洋學 Vol.54 No.-

隨著語料庫語言學的興起,辭書編輯的語言採樣、加工、標注、儲存、傳輸,起了抽樑換柱的鉅大改變。辭書編纂的理論建構和實踐,也有了嶄新的演繹論證,躍上 「雲端運算」,更是大勢所趨。結合電腦資訊與辭典編纂理論,進行電子辭典的數位化處理,成書之流程,面對:編纂過程中,字集編碼系統及語文基礎語料庫之建置與維護,編輯流程之設定與管理,出版樣式(光碟版、網路版)之規劃與發行,檢索系統之開發與更新,文字及圖像內容之增訂與增補等挑戰。在此論述的「臺灣國語辭典」係指教育部編纂之電子辭書《重編國語辭典修訂本》、《國語辭典簡編本》、《國語小字典》、《成語典》和融貫古今字形之大型語料庫《異體字字典》,各部辭書持續從不同視角隨時檢測數據語料庫及成果系統,在既有基礎上吸納新增資訊,累積新成分,推陳出新。

현대중국어 기본어휘의 연어 관계 연구 방법론 탐구 -“얻다”류 동사를 중심으로

강병규 ( Byeong Kwu Kang ) 한국중국언어학회 2009 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.29

말뭉치 (corpus) 자료에 근거한 `이(里)`류 복합방위사의 어법특성 분석

유수경 한국중문학회 2016 中國文學硏究 Vol.0 No.65

本稿采用語料庫分析方法,?出“里邊”、“里面”、“里頭”的使用傾向,歸納出其功能和語體上的差異。整體而言,“里邊”、“里面”、“里頭”功能的區分不太明顯,稍有混用的趨勢。但在有些功能上,“里邊”或“里頭”的使用頻率顯示稍微增加或減少,這正好證明“里邊”、“里面”、“里頭”功能確有不同之處。“里邊”、“里面”、“里頭”的功能差異主要表現在如下兩個方面。第一是方位詞綴“邊”、“面”、“頭”的語義所致的影響,第二是“里邊”、“里面”、“里頭”之間語法化程度不同。首先,方位詞綴“邊/面/頭”的使用傾向對離參照物的距離和所指的空間大小造成影響,結果在表示參照物內部壁面或離參照物?近的空間時,只有“里邊”卽可。至于浩大而无邊界的空間,一般不太選用“里頭”。其次,在“形容詞+方位詞”的結構中,“里邊”、“里面”、“里頭”的使用頻率相差深遠,“里面”最多,“里邊”及“里頭”幾乎寥寥无幾,表明“里邊”、“里面”、“里頭”的語法化程度不同。對于“里邊”、“里面”、“里頭”的語體,語料庫分析結構顯示,“里面”多用于書面語,而“里邊”、“里頭”富有口語色彩。此外,“里邊”和“里頭”根据語義功能不同,例句來源也稍微不同,證明“里邊”、“里頭”在語體和語法化程度上存在一些差異。

중국어 코퍼스 분석을 위한 검색 프로그램 비교 고찰 -WordSmith Tools 6.0과 AntConc 3.2.4를 중심으로

강병규 ( Byeong Kwu Kang ) 한국중국언어학회 2013 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.44

本文主要介紹語料庫檢索工具``WordSmith Tools 6.0``和``AntConc3.2.4``。這兩種軟件主要具備三大功能:檢索(Concordance),詞語統計,關鍵詞(Keyword)的提取。檢索功能是最常用的功能,通過該軟件,我們可以査詢某個詞語在文本中的分布。詞語統計功能包括語料庫中詞彙使用頻度、平均、TTR等。關鍵詞是硏究文本語言特征差異的重要手段之壹。關鍵詞是指頻率顯著高于參照語料庫的詞語。``WordSmithTools``是在目前的語料庫語言學領域中公認的有力工具。``WordSmithTools``的功能强大,不過該軟件是商業軟件。與此相比,AntConc是壹種免費軟件,只要登錄到Laurence Anthony敎授的網站,下載後可直接使用。雖然AntConc軟件的檢索功能沒有WordSmith軟件那?豊富,但是其界面簡潔,操作方式簡單,且還實現了WordSmith的主要功能。

基於CCL語料庫的“促使”與“促進”的語義特徵與句法功能比較

조보평,Yu Aixin 한국중국학회 2019 中國學報 Vol.88 No.-

There are many synonyms in the list of commonly used Chinese words (Level 1-6) appended to the General Course Outline of International Chinese Teaching. Some synonyms have been paid attention to and some research results have been obtained; others have not been paid enough attention and the research results are insufficient. " Cushi" and "Cujin" are a pair of synonyms in Level 5 of the "Common Chinese Word List". People pay little attention to them. They are similar in semantics and syntax, but there are also some differences. The HSK Dynamic Composition Library of Beijing Language and Culture University also has examples of foreign students who can not distinguish the usage of the two words clearly.Based on the Corpus of the Center for Chinese Linguistics PKU, By means of argument theory, feature theory, boundedness and unbounded theory, etc.this paper discusses the similarities and differences between them in terms of semantics and syntax, and tries to have a clear understanding of them. It is found that the semantics of "Cushi" and "Cujin" are meaning Self-sufficiency and Non-sufficiency, directional and non-directional, developmental and starting-point uprisings, actions and results, etc. There are many differences between them in terms of object and attributive. 國際漢語教學通用課程大綱》後附的常用漢語詞彙表(1-6級)中,有許多同義詞。有些同義詞得到了重視,一些研究成果得到了關注;另一些沒有得到足夠重視,研究成果不足。“促使”“促進”是“常用漢語詞彙表”第5級中的一對同義詞,人們對它們的研究還不多。它們在語義和語法功能上近似,但也存在一些差異,北京语言大学HSK动态作文库亦有留学生对两者区分不清的语例。本文以北京大学中國語言學研究中心的CCL語料庫爲基礎,用論元理論、特徵理論、有界及無界理論等方法,從語義特徵和句法功能兩個方面探討了它們之間的異同,試圖對它們有一個清晰的認識。研究發現,“促使”和“促進”的語義存在自足和不自足、定向和非定向、發展和起點起義、行動和結果等,它們帶賓語作定語及受定語修飾等方面存在許多差異。

코퍼스를 통해 본 현대중국어 응해(應該)의 의미와 용법에 대한 고찰 -초중급(low-intermediate) 중국어 교수,학습에 유용한 논의를 중심으로

김지영,김태은 중국어문학회 2016 中國語文學誌 Vol.0 No.55

本文指出, 目前的漢語敎學未能恰當處理現代漢語應該的意義和用法。本文考察了應該包含的兩種意義, 卽應該1和應該2在詞典中的正確釋義, 探討了國內使用的敎材中存在的問題。爲了對應該的敎學提供實際幇助, 筆者利用BCC語料庫, 提取出300條包含應該的用例, 分析了應該1和應該2的特点, 考察了應該1和應該2與動詞共現時的特点, 與時態助詞``了``、``着``、``過``共現時的特点, 與形容詞共現時的特点, 與語氣詞``파``、``니``共現時的特点以及其疑問句形式和否定句形式。本文認爲, 應該1和應該2性質不同, 建議漢語敎學和漢語敎材分開處理, 應先敎出現頻率較高, 在疑問句和否定句里同漢語其他助動詞擁有相同形式的應該1, 后敎出現頻率相對較低的應該2, 從而幇助學習者正確區分和使用應該包含的這兩種意義和用法。

말뭉치를 통한 현대중국어 조취(早就),이경(已經),증경(曾經)의 통사-의미 비교 연구

유위,한서영,김정주 한국중국언어학회 2013 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.45

本文意在揭示已然副詞“早就、曾經、已經”的句法及語義區別。爲此本位首先整理了“早就、曾經、已經”的語料, 然後用統計學的方法統計出타們共現的謂詞的差異、與“了1、了2、過”及具體時間詞共現的差異。最後根據這些句法上的差異,揭示了“早就、曾經、已經”的語義功能。其結果如下: 早就可與多種動詞結合, 其中與認知動詞的結合頻率最高。能和“了1、了2”共現, 其中與“了2”的共現頻率更高。與“過”的共現頻率相對比較低, 和具體的時間詞幾乎不結合。據此我們可以得出早就表示事件的發生或狀態的變化離說話的時間比較早, 這種“早”是主觀的, 不能用客觀時間來衡量。已經能與各種動詞結合。與“了1、了2”的結合頻率也比較高。而且可以與表過去、現在、將來等多種時間詞結合。這說明已經表示事件或狀態在慘照時間以前已發生。曾經能與多種動詞結合, 其中與存現動詞共現的頻率最高。曾經與“了1”的結合頻率比較低,與“了2”幾乎不結合。但與“過”的結合頻率比較高。雖與具體的時間詞結合, 但只能與表過去的時間詞結合, 而且以 “年”單位以上爲主。據此我們認爲曾經表示從前(“年”以前)有過某種經曆。

코퍼스에 기반한 현대중국어 ‘氣得’구문의 사역성과 비사역성 試探

崔圭鉢,鄭池秀 중국어문학연구회 2011 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.66

基于語料庫的同義詞辨析 ― 以 “預訂”和“預定”爲例

崔香蘭,朴興洙 한국중국언어학회 2019 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.80

汉语是世界上使用人数最多的语言, 具有悠久的文化历史。因此汉语中存在着大量语义相近的同义词, 如何准确地理解他们之间的细微差异并恰当使用, 对于汉语非本族学习者而言一直是一大难题。一般的同义词辨析大都通过字典等工具, 依靠直觉经验和内省的方式。而使用字典辨析, 虽具有权威性, 但受其编撰方式的限制, 往往无法达到准确辨析的目的;以往依靠直觉经验和内省的方式, 又因受研究者所处地区方言及语言习惯的影像, 其研究结果往往不够客观。大型语料库极其先进地检索工具以其特有的优势为同义词辨析提供了新的方法。语料库语言学是普通语言学的一个分支, 用特的文本分析软件工具对大型机读文本库进行分析。 语料库语言学途径的同义词辨析主要通过考察同义词在不同语域中的词频分布差异。统计各搭配词与关键词共现的显著程度, 观察检索行中所呈现的同义词搭配特征, 揭示出它们不同的类联结、搭配关系和语义韵等语言特征。得益于巨大库容的语料库所提供的翔实的证据, 语料库索引可对同义词群提供丰富的用法和语境, 使研究者能够比较和掌握同义词之间细微的语义语用差异, 实现对同义词的细微差异进行客观和全面的描述。 本文通过介绍同义词的定义和分类, 利用BCC语料库, 辨析同义词的词频分布差异, 单词搭配差异和语义韵的差异等方面的特征, 进一步探讨汉语同义词的细微差异, 以助于恰当使用同义词, 进而更好的发挥汉语交际功能。 This article tried to grasp the similarities and differences between synonyms “預定” and “預訂” and the complementarity of collocation objects in order to better understand and use them through empirical research. Most of the general synonyms are identified by tools such as dictionaries, relying on intuitional experience and introspection. Although the dictionary is authoritative, it has many shortcomings to distinguish the synonym by only the dictionary. Large corpus and advanced retrieval tools provide a new method for the discrimination of synonyms with their unique advantages. In this paper, Beijing Language and Culture University advanced big data and Language Education Institute based on BCC corpus, adopting the research method of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, the synonym of “預定” and “預訂” as an example, from the register distribution, colligation, collocation and semantic prosody features aspects of the empirical research of synonyms. Constant expansion of corpus and complete retrieval technology has perfected gradually, based on linguistic corpus collected individually by widely used, and attaches great importance to the English vocabulary teaching and research methods would gradually to compile a dictionary is of great significance. This paper introduces the synonym of the definitions and classification, using BCC corpus semantic rhymes and words with differences, differences in distribution, paper discusses the synonym discrimination of the characteristics of difference, etc., and further explore the Chinese as well as the synonym of nuances, to helps See also Synonyms at using appropriate, and better as to give full play to the Chinese social functions.

漢語動詞「打算」、「計劃」之近義詞辨析及其教學建議探討-以語料庫爲本

張?儀(Chang Hsiao Yi),張泰源(JANG Taewon) 동아인문학회 2020 동아인문학 Vol.52 No.-

Synonyms are one of the important issues in the study of Chinese grammar and Chinese teaching. This article takes the verbs “DaSuan” and “JiHua” as examples, due to there is no obvious difference between the two words or the basis for clear distinction, use corpus and analyze through the three plane theory of Chinese grammar to observe the verb meaning characteristics of the event type expressions of “DaSuan” and “JiHua” and the actual use of the two words for analysis of the similarities and differences between the two words in terms of syntactic function and collocation. Through the collection of corpus, quantify the statistical data, avoid intuitive grammatical judgment. According to the results of the final research and analysis, this paper proposes the study of the semantic features of the differences between the two words and related teaching suggestions. It enables the teacher to combine the research on the ontology of Chinese grammar to quickly grasp the teaching method, and also makes the learner to understand the clear usage method.